Okay you cunts, let's see what you can do now.

​

Game on, cocksuckers!

​

Hit-Girl

Hit-Girl, or with her real name Mindy Macready, is a major character in the Kick Ass movie duology, serving as the deuteragonist of the story. After her former-cop father get framed as a drug dealer and sent to the jail by the evil mob boss Frank D'Amico, her mother could not cope with the events and died after giving birth to Mindy. Since Mr. Macready was in jail, his close friend and former-partner sergeant Marcus Williams took care of her as her guardian for temporary amount of time.
Five years later, Hit-Girl's father Damon Macready finished his time in jail hetook custody of Mindy and since that day trained her for next several years. As the deadly father-daughter crime-fighting duo Big Daddy and Hit-Girl, they set out to avenge Mindy's mother and Damon's imprisonment by tracking down and killing Frank D'Amico's henchmen and drug dealers one by one until reaching D'Amico himself. During their adventure of hunting down Frank D'Amico they met with a vigilante called "Kick Ass" (with his real name Dave Lizewski), who recently was the attention of the social media and became allies with him. Getting tricked by Frank's son Chris D'Amico (who was disguised as an another vigilante called Red Mist) Kick Ass and Big Daddy gets captured by the mooks of Frank D'Amico, Hit-Girl came to rescue them from getting tortured and burned alive by the hands of Frank's mob. She manages to save Kick Ass but things were too late for her father Big Daddy. After this she, with the help of Kick Ass, kills Frank D'Amico.
In Kick Ass 2, two years passed from the death of her father, Mindy now lives with Marcus and started at highschool now, and now promised him to stop fightning with criminals and living a normal life. Meanwhile, Chris D'Amico comes back as The Motherfucker, with an entire army of hired costumed criminals to backup him, with the goal of killing Kick Ass and everyone he loves. Starting from damaging and killing his "superhero" allies, and even going as far as killing his dad and kidnapping him during his dad's funeral. After saving Kick Ass from Motherfucker's mooks, Hit-Girl and Kick Ass last time teams up and with other costumed superheroes they fight with The Motherfucker and his evil army. After a rough victory, Hit-Girl leaves the New York in order to protect Marcus from police inquiry and because she is wanted for murdering several of the people.
Allies: Big Daddy (Father; deceased), Unnamed mother (Deceased), Marcus Williams (Her guardian), Kick Ass (Friend, ally, love interest), Justice Forever)
Enemies: Frank D'Amico (Nemesis; deceased), Chris D'Amico/Red Mist/The Motherfucker, Mother Russia (Deceased), Toxic-Mega Cunts, random street thugs and drug dealers
Note: Hit-Girl's feats from Kick Ass 2 will be seperated from her feats in Kick Ass as not only she is 2 years older in the sequel (she is 15 in Kick Ass 2 as confirmed by Dave/Kick Ass and so she should be around 13 in Kick Ass as the events of Kick Ass 2 happens 2 years later from the first one and Hit-Girl was a highschool freshman in Kick Ass 2)
Note 2: ın Kick Ass 2 her feats as filled with adrenaline will gonna get seperated by her regular feats.
​
Source Material: All feats are pulled from the movies Kick Ass, and Kick Ass 2. You can see which feats are from which movie since i will seperate her first movie feats and second movie feats. ​

Kick Ass

Physicals

​
Strength
Striking Strength:

• Knocks a man to a seat with a kick to the face
• Backflip kicks a man in the face strong enough to lift him off his feet, sending him like a feet away through a glass table
• After throwing a butterfly knife into a man's stomach Hit-Girl kicks the knife and man with enough force to push the guy several feet away and make the knife dragged to his crotch from stomach
• Kicks a man in the stomach with both legs strong enough to send him a few feet away
• Shatters a glass bottle on Frank D'Amico's head

Striking Strength (her signature weapon a seperatable staff with blades on it's both ends):

• Stabs through a man's body
• Slices through a glass bottle
• Slashes a man's back, than stabs him
• Stabs a man
• Slices through a man's leg, than stabs his back
• Slices through a lamp stem
• Stabs through a woman alonside a metal door behind her with both of the blades of the staff

Physical/lifting/throwing/other:

• Throws a shuriken with enough force to pin it to a wall
• Climbs onto a man's back, holds the said man's arm from moving it with one hand, throws a wire-attrached knife through an another guy's wrist, than grabs the man she is on between her legs, than rolls to the ground, flipping the guy with her legs in the process. Makes a guy she stabbed with the wire-attached knife shoot himself with his own gun by forcing him to do with the said rope, with the guy not being able to break out of it
• Throws an empty handgun to a man's face with enough force to hurt him
• Can support her weight by holding onto a shelv with one hand and accurately shoot a handgun with her other meanwhile doing that (as a note given she wears a bulletproof suit it's safe to say she weighs a tad bit more than a regular 10 year old would weigh)

​
Durability
Blunt force:

• Big Daddy shoots Hit-Girl with kevlar armor so that she will gonna get used to it, than off-screen gets shot twice more
  • As a note, Big Daddy used low velocity bullets on purpose so that she wouldn't get hurt
• Gets shot with a handgun 3 times (to her bulletproof suit) and than falls couple meters. This temporarily knocked her out for an unknown amount of time.
• Gets kicked in the face by Frank D'Amico, but this causes her to fall and gives her a bloody nose
  • Frank is strong enough to break the legs of his table by slamming Hit-Girl to it
• Gets choked by Frank D'Amico for several seconds, than gets thrown onto a table by him
• Gets hit in the face by Frank D'Amico, than gets slammed to a table by him with enough force to break it's legs
• Gets punched in the face by Frank D'Amico twice. But she was barely concious after this

Piercing:

• She herself doesn't have any notable resistance to piercing damage, but her suit has shown to be immune to at least low caliber handguns (will be mentioned in equipment section)

​
Speed/Agility
Movement/Agility:

• Does a backflip kick, does a cartwheel
• Slashes a mook with wire-attached knife before he pulls a gun, than runs and climbs up to an another mook that just saw her attacking that mook before he was able to pull his gun and shoot her
• Does a 4 step wall flip on a plain wall

Reaction/combat:

• Slices a glass bottle swung at her before it hits to her
• Avoids a knife swing by bending over
• Avoids a baseball bat swing by bending over
• Shoots a man in the head meanwhile jumping, shoots an another man in the head in fraction of a second, than turns 90 degrees and shoots her small flashlight, in the fraction of a second; doing all of this meanwhile being exposed to her continuously and fastly flashing flashlight
• Shots 3 guy in the head before any of them pull their guns and shoot her
• Slashes a mook with wire-attached knife before he pulls a gun, than runs and climbs up to an another mook that just saw her attacking that mook before he was able to pull his gun and shoot her
• Solos more than a dozen of Frank D'Amico's armed man in narrow corridor with guns by only using two pistol; shoots down 3 of the man before the said mans start to shoot their guns, than aim-dodges some gunfire, than before they start to shoot their weapons again she kicks a guy, headshots a guy that was behind her meanwhile being in air than headshots an another man, aimdodges gunfire, shot an another man in the head, aim-dodges gunfire, shoots an another man in the head. Meanwhile in a middle of the battle running forward she reloads her guns by throwing two magazine in front of her than just after catching them with her handguns meanwhile they were spinning in air, shoots two guy that were in her sides than just after shots an another guy with a shotgun
• Catches a falling handgun

​

Equipments

Hit-Girl (and Big Daddy before he died) has access to many different firearms and weapons in their house with it's not known how they managed to find all of them. Although it should be noted in standart battles Hit-Girl obviously doesn't use all of them combined and generally stick with her suit, her standart staff, some pistols and rarely other objects like nunchakus. And even in the battles where she is prepared you won't see her carrying dozen different guns with her or something.
Weapons:

• A seperatable staff that has blades on it's both ends (standart weapon)
• A shuriken
• Two butterfly knife her dad gave her in her birthday
• A knife and a Heckler & Koch USP Compact
• a Heckler & Koch USP Compact with a suppressor
• A wire-attached knife
• A Heckler & Koch USP Compact and a SIG-Sauer P232
• Dozens of different firearms ranging from pistols to rifles, as you can see on the walls
  • This includes a bazooka, and also a jetpack with gatling guns on it
  • These were originally Big Daddy's before he death

​
Armor:

• Her suit can take bullets from a handgun

​
Other equipments:

• Nightvision goggles
• Hit-Girl has a kryptonite for emergency situations; no, no, not that green rock that is the counter of Superman. The kryptonite i'm mentioning is a small, continuously and fastly flashing flashlight that can be mounted on guns, which prevents her oppenents from attacking because of the flash
• Has a suitcase that has 3 million dollar in it

​

Other

Intelligence:

• Dresses like a regular girl so that she could trick Frank D'Amico's man into think that she is just a regular girl
• Seperates the flashlight that was mounted into her gun than puts it into a random shelves, which tricks mooks into thinking she was behind the said shelves

​
Skill:

• Hit-Girl swinging a butterfly knife, 2
• Does a backflip kick
• Can use her double bladed staff well
• Throws a butterfly knife to a man
• Headshots a guy, than shoots two production lights
• Kills a man by throwing two kitchen knife to him
• Can accurately shoot people with a handgun
• Shoots her own small flashlight from tens of feet away in fraction of a second despite getting continuously exposed to it's flashing (Go to 29. second)
• Throws a wire attached knife to a man's wrist, than with the said wire attached knife she makes the guy shoot himself with his own gun
• Can accurately shoot people with her two pistols and also running and jumping around

​
Other:

• Knows the butterfly knive her dad gave were made in Flippino, knows which gun AR-15 is lighter small version caliber version of, knows John Woo's first feature film
• Can drive cars

​

Kick Ass 2

Physicals

​
Strength
Striking Strength:

• Beats the shit out of 4 thugs with a nunchaku, kicks the said nunchaku with enough force to send it to one of the thug's face, releasing blood out of his face and knocking him out to possibly kill him
• Effortlessly kicks a man in the face strong enough to send him multiple feet away, shattering front window of a car, doing all of this meanwhile being on top a moving van and not being on her feet
• Kicks the backdoor of a van to the back of guy strong enough to drop him off the van
• Knocks The Tumor to the ground with a pistol whip
• Stabs through Black Death's eye and sphenoid bone with ease by redirecting Black Death's own finger to his eye, spurting some blood
  • Black Death is a boxer
• Blocks a hit from Mother Russia, stops Mother Russia's arm with her hand
  • Mother Russia Respect Thread
• [ADRENALINE] Hurts Mother Russia by hitting her stomach, slashes her legs with glass shards, stabs Mother Russia in the back and stomach with glass shards, cuts Mother Russia's wrist armor (you can see blood came from her arms), than stabs Mother Russia with more glass shards
  • Mother Russia Respect Thread

Striking Strength (her signature weapon a seperatable staff with blades on it's both ends):

• Stabs through a man's foot and also propably partially ground given how he wasn't able to escape after Hit-Girl did that
• Chops a man's hand off clean

Physical Strength:

• Puts Kick Ass in an armbar
• Effortlessly pulls her staff out of the guy's foot she stabbed meanwhile said person wasn't able to do the same thing despite trying for half a minute
• Hangs on to the top of a moving van by putting 3 of her fingers inside of bullet holes on the van, doing all of this despite the driver moving the van erratically
• Holds onto the side of a van
• Effortlessly disarms Black Death, Black Death couldn't show resistance againist Hit Girl redirecting his finger and hand to his eye
  • Black Death is a boxer
• Temporarily ties up with Mother Russia than puts her in an armbar. But Mother Russia gets rid of it by biting Hit-Girl's leg. Also should be noted that during majority of their fight Mother Russia was clearly superior to Hit-Girl in strength to some extend, at least before Hit-Girl get amped with adrenaline

​
Durability
Blunt force:

• A grenade exploding close to her flings her away with enough force to shatter the arm of a small statue. This temporarily knocked her our
• Gets a backhand from Mother Russia with enough force to lift her off the ground, gets punched in the face by Mother Russia, gets kicked by Mother Russia with enough force to getting launched several yards away (i already posted Mother Russia respect thread twice so don't wait for me to do it third time)
• Gets hit in the face by Mother Russia twice, than gets flipped to ground by her
• Gets thrown through a large glass table by Mother Russia
• Gets strangled between Mother Russia's legs
• [ADRENALINE] No sells getting punched in the face twice by Mother Russia

Piercing Damage:

• She herself doesn't have any notable resistance to piercing damage, but she still retains her suit from the first movie, which has shown to be able to take shots from certain handguns

​
Speed/Agility
Movement/Agility:

• Climbs like ten meters or more by using rectangle pipe on it to enter her room from the window than lays on the bed and covers herself with the quilt, doing all of it in seconds
• Does some front handsprings, does some back handsprings, does a no-handed cartwheel
• Somehow catches up a moving van
• Does a backroll meanwhile being on a moving van, does a wheelchair meanwhile being on a moving van
• Does a 4 step wall flip on a plain wall
• [ADRENALINE] Moves much faster than glass shards falling

Reaction/Combat:

• Blocks a hit from a thug. Attacks thugs faster than they can react
• Rolls around on the top of a van without getting shot even once from one of the mooks inside of the van shooting the top of a van with an AK contiunously. Meanwhile doing that at some point she falls from the top of the van but manages to hold onto the said van's side
• Aim dodges a pistol shot
• [ADRENALINE] Throws shards of glass into air, than pick up some of the falling shards of glass and stab Mother Russia several times before she could react and most of the shards would hit on the ground

​

Equipment

Just like i said before, Hit-Girl has access to many weapons and more, whatever most of the time she doesn't pick up anything beyond her suit, her bladed staff and some pistols in standart fights. Whatever she obviously can use more when the situation needs them.
​
Weapons:

• A seperatable staff that has blades on it's both ends (standart weapon)
• A nunchaku
• A glock 17
• Many different variety of weapons; pistols, submachine guns, assault rifles, tonfas, katanas, other melee weapons, bows, crossbows, etc. during training Kick Ass she shots him with a SIG-sauer P230
  • The armor and sniper rifle of Big Daddy is also here
• Two SIG-sauer P230s
• Thrown knives

​
Armor:

• She still retains her bulletproof suit from original Kick Ass movie

​
Vehicles:

• Has a purple-colored motorcycle, and a purple colored motorcycle helmet

​
Other:

• "Last resort:" 2 syringes that has adrenaline inside of it
  • During her battle with Mother Russia Hit-Girl used one of them, which increased her strength, durability (or at least pain tolerance) and gave her a massive speed boost
• Sick Stick: A military device that can give target diarrhea and cause them rapidly shit and puke. According to Hit-Girl herself this device was originally created for crown control, but later it get deemed as "too severe"

​

Other

Intelligence:

• During the van fight she holds onto the side of a van in a way no one would see her, when the mook with AK goes to look if she dropped or not she kicks the backdoor off the van and causes the dude to fall out of the car
• Takes an adrenaline syringe, than acts like she was going to stab Mother Russia with it, which leads her to believe that the syringe is not adrenaline but rather something dangerous, which causes her to stab the needle to Hit-Girl, injecting her with adrenaline

​
Skill:

• Puts Kick Ass in an armbar
• Precisely swings around a nunchaku and uses it to beat the shit out of 4 thugs
• Does some martial arts moves
• Shoots several mooks in the head. The said mooks were inside of the jeep meanwhile Hit-Girl was on top of it so somehow she managed accurately headshots this guys without seeing them
• Temporarily ties up with Mother Russia than puts her in an armbar

​
Other:

• Can draw a motorcycle even at high speeds
• Can headshot people without seeing them
• Made The Tumor talk about where the Motherfucker is and what he is planning by threatening Tumor to make him eat his own dick
• Knows russian

I have tons of virtual webkinz stuff! My doc lists pricing for individual and bundle deals for all categories 💕 I want to clear my doc so I can focus on my Webkinz (and adopting more cats on there this summer) :)
There’s PSI, retired items, clothing, Christmas stuff, etc. Each section is color coded for organization. Just lmk what you’re interested in 😊 I also have halloween stuff not listed in the doc if ur interested & I have some growing seeds up for grabs.
it is noted in my doc, but there are some items excluded from the bundle sale
Message me with any questions or if anything in the doc interests you. Also, feel free to ask if I have anything not listed in my doc that’s in your ISO list. I just might!
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AVQN0vZh5adwquR2rwzpvX4hmEFFEznF20EGhVnABDU/edit

Welcome to the /visualnovels Weekly Questions and Recommendations Megathread!
Any and all questions/recommendations related to visual novels are permitted in this thread. This includes recommendation questions, technical questions, as well as meta questions about the subreddit. No matter if your question is small, big, or seemingly impossible to solve. Anything.
But please don't forget that our rules still apply. Summarized, that means no unmarked spoilers, no piracy in any shape or form, give warnings for 18+ stuff, and be nice!
Useful links to check out before asking questions or for recommendations
General:

• VNDB: The Visual Novel Database - A fantastic resource for anything and everything visual novels. The visual novel equivalent to IMDB or MAL. It's where you'll find the answers to 90% of your questions.
• Guide to Japanese
• This recommendation site may be useful if you're new to reading visual novels!
• Consider this recommendation site if you're interested in reading a visual in Japanese.
• Looking for a relatively easy VN to read in Japanese? Click here!

From our wiki:

• Having trouble with a visual novel? - A page with some possible solutions and links.
• How to Hook and Extract Visual Novel Text - A how-to on dealing with untranslated visual novels.
• Buying visual novels - Where and how to buy visual novels, translated and untranslated.

More awesome and useful links can be found here.

LOOOOOOOORE SUNDAAAAAAAAY

What is this thread for?

Curious about the lore for a TM franchise you haven't consumed? Got theories and need cited source material? Want to know how the laws of Nasuvese works on a fundamental level? Need to find that one line you can't find proof of anywhere because TM wiki is hilariously unreliable?
This is the place!
This thread will be a Q&A sort of location that will serve as a "lore library" of sorts that you can use for any inquiries.
This is NOT meant to be a place for containing all lore discussion and theory posts, as those are still highly encouraged to be submission posts outside of this thread so more people can see your ideas!

Translated Source Material Links

• TMdict - contains all Side Material translated
• Chaldea Records - Compilation of in-game profiles and materials
• TRI-HERMES Lore Database ~ WIP

FGO Materials

• Story Summary Compilation
• Event Summary Compilation
• Interlude Summary Compilation
• Material Profile Translation Compilation
• FGO Arcade Lost Jerusalem Part 1 Translations
• FGO Arcade Lost Jerusalem Post-Raid Translations
• Camelot Zero, premise of Camelot singularity written on Nasu's Blog
• FGO Arcade Babylon Translations

Anime

• Kara no Kyoukai Movie Series
• F/SN Unlimited Blade Works - Ufotable
• Fate/Zero
• Fate/Kaleid Liner Prisma Illya - Trust me, just read the manga.
• Fate/Grand Order - First Order
• Emiya Gohan
• Lord El-Melloi II's Case Files {Rail Zeppelin} Grace note
• Fate/Grand Order - Moonlight Lostroom
• Fate/Grand Order - Demonic Front: Babylonia

Note: Nonexistent Tsukihime anime and first two of the Heavens Feel Trilogy Movie Series can be found in the internet somewhere, I believe in you to find them. Wink wink.
Note 2: Fate/Apocrypha and Fate/Last Encore can be found on Netflix, along with Deen/Stay Night as well as Zero, UBW, and First Order.

Manga

• Tsukihime Arcuied Route
• Melty Blood , Act 2 , X
• Kara no Kyoukai
• Fate/Zero
• Prisma Illya, 2wei , 3rei
• FSN Heaven's Feel
• Koha Ace GO
• Fate/Extra CCC Foxtail
• Fate/Apocrypha
• FGO Turas Realta
• FGO Mortalis Stella
• FGO EoR Shinjuku
• FGO EoR SE.RA.PH.
• FGO EoR Shimosa
• FGO EoR Salem
• Fate/Strange Fake
• Fate/Type Redline
• FGO From Lostbelt
• Case Files
• Emiya-san chi no Gohan

Note: You can support a lot of the aforementioned manga officially through this website! https://web-ace.jp/tmca/

LNs

• Angel Notes
• Kara no Kyoukai
• Fate/Zero
• Fate/Apocrypha
• Prototype Fragments Volume 1 Complete PDF + Volume 2 Full Translations + The Rest of the Translations
• Fate/Requiem Volume 1
• Fate/Strange Fake
• Lord El Melloi II Case Files
• El Melloi Adventures Volume 1 Summary

Drama CDs

• Garden of Avalon
• Heroic Spirit's Lore Strange Tales: Edmond Dantes

VNs and Games

• Tsukihime and English patch if you want to play the VN, get VN Separately ​
• Kagetsu Tohya English patch for VN
• FSN All 3 Routes and English patch for VN
• FSN Fate Route ReTL
• Fate/Extella
• Fate/Hollow Ataraxia English Patch
• Fate/Extra English patch
• Fate/Extra CCC Gilgamesh Route and ZVN's Video typeset Playthrough
• Tsukihime Remake Arcuied Days 1-5 English Patch ​

Vibhajjavada and Sarvāstivāda: Analysing the Heart Sutra from Theravadin Perspective—Part 13

5.1.13. Sarvāstivādi Māyāvāda

Śūnyavāda and Māyāvāda are two parts of Sarvāstivādi eternalism. They have roots in the Vedas.
The Sarvastivāda Mahayana presents three asankhata (asaṁskrṭa dharmas): the Pratisaṅkhyā-nirodha (observed cessation), the A-pratisaṅkhyā-nirodha (unobserved cessation) and Ākāśa (space). The Sautrāntika Mahayana rejected them. [ON SARVASTIVĀDA (Samuel Buchoul)]

• Ākāśa (Sanskrit meaning):
  • 6) Brahman (as identical with ether);
• Ākāśa (Mahayana):
  • “Space (ākāśa) is beginningless, without middle and without end; and it is the same with dharmas”.
  • Space is invisible (adrśya) but, looking at it from afar, the eye perceives a light blue color.
  • (Vajrayana) Ākāśa (आकाश, “space”) or Ākāśadhātu refers to “(the element of) space”
• Ākāsa (Theravada):
  • Later Buddhist schools [Mahayana] have regarded it as one of several unconditioned or uncreated states (asaṅkhatadhamma) – a view that is rejected in Kath. (s. Guide. p. 70). Theravāda Buddhism recognizes only Nibbāna as an unconditioned element
• Vibhajjavada:
  • Space is rūpa (a sankhata dhatu), a conditioned paramattha (reality). Space is essential for sankhāra (construct/activity); e.g. occupying space. The four mahabhuta (rūpa dhatu) fill the space.
• Sarvastivāda
  • Space has blue colour, and is asankhata, but it is not the mind. Citta-matrata: Everything other than the mind is maya. Asankhata (asaṁskrṭa) means unimagined, as imagined is maya. Space being asaṁskrṭa rejects Māyāvādi creationism (imaginationism), Vijñaptimātra and Vijñānavāda (the doctrine of consciousness).

Māyāvāda (ಮಾಯಾವಾದ):—[noun] (phil.) the doctrine that the universe is an illusion or an apparent phenomenon and the Supreme Soul is the only truth.

• citta-matrata replaces soul with mind (indestructible buddha-nature).

[Bloodstream:] This mind is the Buddha.

• Or the original Tathagata.

Space

Space is emptiness, cessation, nirvana.
Mahayana is the religion of Nâgârjuna. He believes in the equality of space as the nature of all things. The concept equates mind with empty space or emptiness. Thus, Śūnyavāda and Māyāvāda are two parts of Sarvāstivādi eternalism or creationism.

The Svābhāvakāya [...] is attained through the power of the dharmakaya, through realisation. The vajrayana calls this the body of great bliss (mahâsukhakâya) because its distinctive quality is supreme, unchanging bliss. Ârya Nâgârjuna has said : « I pay homage to that which is free from the activity of the three realms ; which is the equality of space ; which is the nature of all things ;… Praise to the Three Kâyas (Kayâtrayastotra), Toh 1123, Tengyur, bstod tshogs,ka,70b3.[The Svâbhâvakâya or Svâbhâvikakâya in Mahayana Teachings (Jacques Mahnich)]

• vajrayana: vajra wisdom:
  • Five buddha families: The buddha family; vajra family; ratna family or jewel family; padma family or lotus family; karma family
• Maya is very complex and dramatic.

[Britannica:] The Yogachara (or Vijnanavada) school was founded, according to tradition, by the brothers Asanga and Vasubandhu (4th/5th century CE) and by Sthiramati (6th century), who systematized doctrines found in the Lankavatara-sutra and the Mahayana-shraddhotpada-shastra (attributed to Ashvaghosha but probably written in Central Asia or in China). Later Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism include doctrines that were to be influenced by Yogachara teaching.

• Thus, one must learn Lankavatara to understand the core doctrines of Sarvāstivāda (Mahayana).

Right/Wrong Māyā

The concept of māyā could be as old as imagination. It is in the ancient Vedas, too.

the māyā is right when it conforms to, underline the three-lettered word again, Ṛta. It is the Ṛta that makes māyā real [...] While Agni is the creative power of māyā, and Varuṇa the discriminative, there is a point at which māyā becomes the reality or just the opposite. Only the right māyā can destroy the “wrong” one [...] Vedānta, Buddhism, and Jainism [...] view Māyā as a hindrance [and] the world is dark, as a burden, a distraction [Vedā: Māyā (Kiron Krishnan)]

• Sarvāstivādi sutras present buddha-lands, etc. The lifestyle is oneness, as Buddhas and bodhisattvas do not have individualised will-control (Lankavatara/Suzuki-Goddard) or individualism.

Māyāvāda

Sarvāstivādi Māyāvāda is based on Māyāvāda of the Vedas.

[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad:] the Self, the Reality that has no second, appears as something else, like a second moon when one has got the disease of double vision (Timira) [...] Verse 1.4.5: He knew, ‘I indeed am the creation, for I projected all this.’ Therefore he was called Creation. He who knows this as such becomes (a creator) in this creation of Virāj. [Section IV - The Creation and Its Cause Swāmī Mādhavānanda]

• Because brahma was bored, he created Maya, his imagination with self.
• The religion: all imaginations are responsible for their wellbeing, progress and escape from burdens.

BG 7.13: Deluded by the three modes of Maya, people in this world are unable to know Me, the imperishable and eternal. [bhagavad-gita chapte7/verse/13]

• Bodhidharma says something similar:

[Bloodstream:] "Someone who sees his nature is a buddha."

• Nature, or self-nature: svabhāva
• His nature (self-nature) is emptiness (svabhāva-śūnya). His self-nature is buddha-nature (gotra-svabhāva).
• Emptiness and buddha-nature are the mind. Vijñānavāda: only mind exists, only mind is real.

māyāvāda was openly denounced as ‘crypto-Buddhism’ by early philosophers like Bhaskarācārya, Pārtha-sārathī Miśra, Yādava-prakāśa, Rāmānuja and Madhva. There are differences between the māyāvādīs and the Buddhists so far as the external rules of social conduct go, yet as far as their philosophies are concerned there is absolutely no difference between these two schools. [The Self-Defeating Philosophy of Māyāvāda (Gaura Gopāla Dāsa)]

Māyāvādi God

[harekrsna.com: mayavadi:] "One who is transcendentally situated at once realizes the Supreme Brahman and becomes fully joyful. He never laments or desires to have anything. He is equally disposed toward every living entity. In that state he attains pure devotional service unto Me." [...] Strictly speaking, Mayavada philosophy is atheism, for it is a process in which one imagines that there is God. This Mayavada system of philosophy has been existing since time immemorial. The present Indian system of religion or culture is based on the Mayavada philosophy of Sankaracarya, which is a compromise with Buddhist philosophy. According to Mayavada philosophy there actually is no God, or if God exists, He is impersonal and all-pervading and can therefore be imagined in any form [as Viṣṇu, Lord Śiva, Vivasvān, Gaṇeśa or Devī Durgā, Tathagata, Tathagata-garbha, Avalokiteśvara, citta-matrata etc.]. This conclusion is not in accord with the Vedic literature. That literature names many demigods, who are worshiped for different purposes, but in every case the Supreme Lord, the Personality of Godhead, Visnu, is accepted as the supreme controller. That is real Vedic culture.

• Māyāvādi God is impersonal, oneness, all-pervading and imagined by the authors of the sutras.

[Lanka Chapter 11:] [4] [bodhisattva vow #8:] to attain perfect self-realization of the oneness of all the Buddhas and Tathagatas in self-nature, purpose and resources;

• the oneness (mind) in all the Buddhas and Tathagatas is the original Tathagata, according to the theories of citta-matrata.
• Lankavatara, Lotus and Heart are Mayavada philosophy that propagates the ultimate oneness, citta-gocara (thought realm), Maheśvara and buddha-lands.
• Māyāvāda and oneness are not universally accepted among the Hindus. However, it found a permanent home in Sarvāstivādi sutras, which were adopted into Mahayana.

Form

The works of [Śāntaraṣita and Kamalaśīla] produce abundant citations from these sūtra literatures stressing the significance of the passages like this from the Laṅkāvatārasūtra: “Material forms do not exist, one’s mind appears to be external. [Sonam Thakchoe]

• Material forms do not exist because they are imagined by the mind.
• mind appears to be external: The statement proposes a theory.

Emptiness/Śūnya is mind, the external agent inside form (maya: flesh and blood). Citta-matrata: Only mind is real (non-duality).

[Laṅkā (wiki):] what is seen as something external is nothing but one's own mind" (svacitta-drsya-mātram).^\12)^\)

Some questions:

• If all different forms share the same one mind (the same consciousness), how does that one mind communicate with itself as countless individuals?

Individuation:

[Lanka Chapter 2:] By attachment to names is meant, the recognition in these inner and outer things of the characteristic marks of individuation and generality, and to regard them definitely belonging to the names of the objects.

• Individuation means the mind recognises and is attached to its imaginations: Forms and Names.

Some questions:

• Why is one mind exists as many?
• Individuation does not explain:
  • how one mind exists as many,
  • how the mind discriminats itself as different individuals,
  • how it commits wholesome/unwholesom deeds, and
  • how it takes responsiblity for its kamma.
• If we all share the same mind, if your mind is also my mind,
  • how are we different individuals psychologically?
  • and how do we keep secrets from each other?

Ātmavādopādāna

Ātmavāda (आत्मवाद) or Ātmavādopādāna refers to the “doctrine of self grasping” and represents one of the four graspings (upādāna),

• If the mind in all the mortals is the same one mind, self-grasping of the mind means reality grasping reality, which cannot be a problem.

[Vibhajjavada (Acela Sutta):] "'He who performs the act also experiences [the result]' — what you, Kassapa, first called 'suffering caused by oneself' — this amounts to the Eternalist[3] theory.

• Sakkayaditthi should be discerned.

I (Ātman)

• Attavada (atmavada) claims I (Ātman) as Transcendental Changelessness is a Vedāntic concept, but anattavada rejects that.
• The indestructible buddha-self-nature is atta by definition.
• Sarvastivādi Māyāvāda is an attavada which proposes the unbornness of the mind and rejects the three truths: anicca, dukkha, anatta.
• How does Mayavādis reject the truth of dukkha (pain and fear of pain)?
  • Maya has no feeling (vedanā): Form is emptiness, emptiness is form (the Heart Sutra).

The Enigmatic Dukkha

[Heart (Red; page 134)]: Our fear begins with our separation from emptiness. And it ends with our reunion.

• Maya's fear begins with maya's separation from the mind (buddha-nature, Ālayavijñāna).
• How is imagination separate from the mind?

Eternal Perceiver and Perception

[Eliot Deutsch and Rohit Dalvi]

1. by what means can one perceive the perceiver?”
2. The teacher said, “It would be true, if there were a distinction between perception and perceiver. The perceiver is indeed nothing but eternal perception. And it is not [right] that perception and perceiver are different as in the doctrine of the logicians.”

• Lankavatara complains about philosophers (logicians), too.

1. When a man is asked, ‘Where do you have pain?’, he points to the Śakara locus where [the body] is burned [or cut] and not to the perceiver, saying, ‘I have pain in the head’ or ‘In the chest’ or ‘In the stomach.’ If pain or the cause of pain such as burning and cutting were located in the perceiver, he would point to [the perceiver] as the locus of pain just as [he points to a part of the body as] the locus of burning and so forth.

• Brahma was bored, so he created Maya.
• If boredom is not brahma's imagination, it is a real pain, which rose from anusaya kilesas and caused brahma to need something.
• Why did the original Tathagata (mind) imagine?

1. in all the śrutis and the smtis the highest Ātman is said to be ‘free from evil, ageless, deathless, sorrowless, hungerless, thirstless’ (Ch. Up. VIII, 1,5) [Eliot Deutsch and Rohit Dalvi]

• So is the mind.

Vedāntic Māyāvāda provides a meditation method to deal with pain:

1. [meditation method] I (= Ātman) am of the nature of Seeing, non-object (subject) unconnected [with anything], changeless, motionless, endless, fearless and absolutely subtle. So sound cannot make me its object and touch me, whether as mere noise in general or as [sound] of particular qualities [...] For this very reason neither loss nor gain is caused [in me] by sound...

• We could meditate like that in an ideal condition. That method cannot be practical to deal with an extreme condition. Real pain hurts, so it invalidates Mayavāda.

[pages 4-5] but Vedānta declines on the one hand that the Upanisads embody an injunction (e.g., that Brahman or the self must be studied and known, or that the world must be dephenomenalized)

• Sarvastivādi Māyāvāda avoids to explain self, too:

[Heart (Dharmanet):] Emptiness is a pedagogical term that points to the futility of any concept to accurately express the nature [svabhāva] of reality.

• Reality is soul or the mind. Maya is flesh and blood. This belief was very strong during the Buddha's time. However, He abandoned the belief he was born into. Yet, His innitial effort based on the existing belief led Him into self-mortification:

Soul in the Flesh

What inhibits the freedom of the soul is its bondage to the flesh. To redeem the soul it is necessary, therefore, to mortify the flesh. This is the principle that sustains all forms of asceticism, what Buddhism calls attakilalamathanuyoga or the practice of self mortification. Self-mortification could assume varying degrees of intensity and visibility depending on how the relation between the soul and the physical body is defined. [The Early Buddhist Teaching On the Practice of the Moral Life (Y. Karunadasa; page 3) THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY THE NUMATA YEHAN LECTURE IN BUDDHISM Fall 2001]

Oneness

Ātman is described as Wholeness, Fullness, Oneness, etc.
Sarvāstivādis also describe Ātman as Emptiness.

“In the beginning, my dear, this universe was the existent only, one alone, without a second” (Ch. Up. VI, 2, 1) [...] “Ātman, indeed, is this all” (Ch. Up. VII, 25, 2); “Brahman, indeed, is this all”; “Ātman, verily, was this universe, one alone, in the beginning” (Ait. Up. I, 1, 1); “Verily, this all is Brahman” (Ch. Up. III, 14, 1). [Eliot Deutsch and Rohit Dalvi; page 165]

• Void (emptiness) is oneness, wholeness, or absolute:

[Heart (Thich):] Thich Nhat Hanh considered emptiness is "totality" and "wholeness."

• Totality: Oneness, non-duality;

[Upanishads:] Atman is non-duality, all-pervading, the same in all creatures, pure, attributeless, beyond prakriti, and free from the changes of birth and growth. [So is Buddha-nature.]

• Buddha-nature can replace Atman in that sentence.

[Lanka Chapter 6:] We are taught that this Buddha-nature immanent in everyone is eternal, unchanging, auspicious.

• Atman is non-duality: Brahma/mind and Māyā are duality, but the latter is an imagination of Brahma/mind.
• Brahma's imagination is not considered as false imagination, delusion, craving, discrimination or sinful: Right Māyā.
• Then why is the imagination of the original Tathagata (mind) all the problems: Wrong Māyā?
• Why doesn't the original Tathagata imagine good māyā?

Three Forms of One God (Krishna.com):

[Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita:] Krishna, God, exists in three principal forms (rupas)—svayam-rupa, tad-ekatma-rupa, and avesha-rupa. Svayam means “original.” In this category there is only one person: Krishna. Originally God is one; no one is greater than or equal to Him [...] [According to Srila Prabhupada,] As mentioned in Bhagavad-gita, the gross material elements are earth, water, fire, air, and ether, and the subtle material elements are mind, intelligence, and ego. All of them are controlled by the Supreme Personality of Godhead as Vasudeva, Sankarshana, Pradyumna, and Aniruddha… . Lord Krishna, by His quadruple expansion (Vasudeva, Sankarshana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha), is the Lord of psychic action—namely thinking, feeling, willing, and acting.” (Srimad-Bhagavatam 4.24.35-36, Purport).

Prakriti in Mahayanist Māyāvāda:

Prakriti or Nature, an original energy manifesting in substance is the origin, the material and the agent of evolution [...] To this original Matter Sankhya gives the name of Prakriti, while Vedanta & Buddhism, admitting the term Prakriti, prefer to call it Maya [...] and regards Cosmic Evolution as a cosmic illusion. [Buddhism on Purusha and Prakriti - The Incarnate Word (Sri Aurobindo)]

• Lankavatara shares some major concepts with Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita.

The Non-Self (Anatman) Doctrine. According to this doctrine, neither sentient beings nor objects have an independent self-nature, for they are but manifestations of the mind or mind itself. Clinging to the concept of an ego is considered the cause of all suffering and a belief that must be overcome. [The Lankavatara Sutra (Minnesota Zen Meditation Center)]

• Māyā does not have self-nature, but only responsiblity, must attain buddhahood, and its sufferings are not recognised by its religions.
• All its actions are done by atman or the mind (buddha-nature).
• Dead bodies do not have atman or the mind (buddha-nature).
• Dead bodies are not dead māyā.

[Lanka:] Buddha-Nature "is not the same as the philosopher's Atman."

• Buddha-nature is different from atman by name only.
• Two sides accusing each other as philosophers or logicians.

Mahayana from Vedantin Perspective

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (1896–1977) recognises Mahayana as a Vedic Māyāvāda in Buddhist clothes and the Mahayanist movement as the mission of Lord Śiva. That belief is firm among the followers of Swami Prabhupāda.

“[Lord Śiva informed goddess Durgā, the superintendent of the material world:] ‘In the Age of Kali I take the form of a brāhmaṇa and explain the Vedas through false scriptures in an atheistic way, similar to Buddhist philosophy.’ ” [CC Madhya 6.182 (Swami Prabhupāda)]

• That is the original words of Swami Prabhupāda. He does not say the Mahayanist Māyāvāda is true or false but the work of Lord Śiva.
• Adi Samkara (Śaṅkarācārya) consideres the śūnyavādins (Mahayanists) as “nihilists”.
• Bhakti Charu Swami delivered the words of Swami Prabhupāda to an audience and mentioned the role of Śaṅkarācārya:

the Lord instructed Lord Śiva and that’s why He came as Śaṅkarācārya [...] “In the age of Kali appearing as a brāhmaṇa, I will establish a temporary philosophy, temporary conclusion: asac-chāstraṁ” [...] which is covered Buddhism.
Buddism is covered atheism and māyāvāda is covered buddism. But he needed to do that? Why he needed to do that? So that the Vedas can be reestablished; to reestablish the Vedas he did that and how did he do that? It is interesting to note : the buddist are saying nirvāṇa is the ultimate goal of life and what is nirvāṇa ? It is to become nothing and Śaṅkarācārya came and he said, look this concept of nirvāṇa is not your concept, it is from the Vedas. And according to the Vedas, nirvāṇa actually means to merge into Brahman, to merge into the Absolute. Buddist are saying to merge into nothing; Śaṅkarācārya is saying merge into the Absolute, and what is Absolute? Absolute is Brahman? And what is Brahman? Brahmā is nirākār nirvises, Why? Because…. otherwise the Buddhist will not accept it. They will say you brought in the concept of Form. Then the Buddhist will say, well that is your understanding, not ours. But he took their point, nirvāṇa , okay, nirvāṇa means not to merge in the void, nirvāṇa means to merge in the Absolute or Brahman; What is Brahman? Brahman is Absolute. ŚRĪLA PRABHUPĀDA DROVE NIRVISESA-VĀDA AND ŚŪNYAVĀDA AWAY FROM THE WESTERN WORLD (Bhakti Charu Swami)]

• Theoretically, that is how the Dhamma-Vinaya Sasana disappeared in India and unable to reach the East Asia and limited the spread of the true message of the Vibhajjavadi Buddha.

Mahayana Buddhism is the largest Buddhist sect in the world, and its beliefs and practices are what most non-adherents recognize as "Buddhism" in the modern era. [Mahayana Buddhism - World History Encyclopedia]

• So, they follow the Buddhas they may never know.

Mahayanist Buddhahood

Anuttara is unsurpassable:

[Anuttara means] the doctrine of the Buddha cannot be either refuted or destroyed because it escapes any discussion; it is true (satya) and pure (viśuddha).

• Mahayana and Upanishad: Like soul in the flesh, Ālayavijñāna (Mahayana) and Virāj (Upanishad) are "what is truly real."

The meaning of what is truly real is severed from words. It cannot be thought of. You should go forward quickly. [(Venerable Master Hua) The Heart of Prajna Paramita Sutra]

• Isn't a sankhata dhatu truly real?
• What is truly real? One can't explain that based on the Heart Sutra. But could they find the answer in Sarvāstivāda, Vijñānavāda, Śūnyavāda and Māyāvāda?
• When they try to answer what is truly real, the Four Noble Truths are not in their minds because they do not know and because these Truths contradict their belief.

[Lanka Chapter 13:] [Nirvana] is where the manifestation of Noble Wisdom that is Buddhahood expresses itself;

• Noble Wisdom or Buddhahood exists in all three times (past, present, future). It is not something to attain, but it manifests within the forms, the mind's imaginations or bodhisattvas.
• A Mahayanist Buddha in citta-gocara (thought realm) is a physical body only, which is occupied by the original Tathagata, which manifested in them, according to Lankavatara.

[Prajnaparamita (CONZE page 61):] And that emptiness [or space], that is neither produced nor stopped, is neither defiled nor purified, [...] no decay and death, no stopping of decay and death; no suffering and no comprehension of suffering; no origination and no forsaking of origination; no stopping and no realization of stopping; no path and no development of the path; no attainment, and no reunion; no Streamwinner, and no fruit of a Streamwinner; etc. to: no Bodhisattva, and no knowledge of the modes of the path; no Buddha, and no enlightenment. (Ill) It is in this sense, Sariputra, that a Bodhisattva, a great being who courses in perfect wisdom, is to be called "joined".

• joined: Buddhahood expresses itself
• Sarvastivādi Māyāvāda, which originated in the Vedas, presents I (Ātman) or Transcendental Changelessness as "all dharmas exist in all three times".

[Heart (Red; page 134)]: [the] tenth stages concern buddhahood.

• Once a bodhisattva reaches the tenth stage:

[Lanka Chapter 11:] Buddhas from all Buddha-lands will gather about him and with their pure and fragrant hands resting on his forehead will give him ordination and recognition as one of themselves. Then they will assign him a Buddha-land that he may posses and perfect as his own.

• Avalokiteśvara was a tenth-stage bodhisattva or a Mahayanist Buddha, who is supposed to be in a Buddha-land.

The Dalai Lamas are believed by Tibetan Buddhists to be manifestations of Avalokiteshvara or Chenrezig (His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama).

5.1.14. Who Was the Vibhajjavādi Buddha?

"Just like a red, blue, or white lotus — born in the water, grown in the water, rising up above the water — stands unsmeared by the water, in the same way I — born in the world, grown in the world, having overcome the world — live unsmeared by the world. Remember me, brahman, as 'awakened.' [Dona Sutta: With Dona (Thanissaro Bhikkhu)]

• The Sammasambuddha means the self-awaken being.
• When Prince Siddhatta reached enlightenment, two brothers from Ukkalapa found Him and donated alms food. The brothers received eight strangs of hair. The kingdom of Ukkalapa built several stupas, including the Shwetigon Pagoda, to store Buddha's hair relics.

The most revered involved the enshrinement of hair-relics in the Shwedagon by two brothers, Tapussa and Bhallika, obtained from the Buddha in India (Pe Maung Tin 1934). The second maintained that the Buddha flew to Lower Burma, converted a Mon king and granted hair-relics to six hermits in Thaton who returned to their hermitages and enshrined their relics in stone stupas. [Sacred Sites of Burma: Myth and Folklore in an Evolving Spiritual Realm (DONALD M. STADTNER; page 24, 156)]

• The kingdom of Suvannabhumi (Thaton) and the kingdom of Sakka joined together and built the KYAIK-HTI-YO, Kyaiktiyo or the Pagoda-on-a-Hermit's-Head.

At the age of eighty the Buddha passed away in the village of Kusinara, his life a testament to the power of the human mind. His last words were an exhortation to his disciples: "All conditioned things are impermanent - strive on with diligence!" [The Buddha: Who was the Buddha? (Cynthia Thatcher)]

• Nibbana is not space but relief from the burden of nāma and rūpa (the five upadanakkhanda).

Keybase proof

I am:

• meditril on reddit.
• troeger on keybase.

Proof:

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Có một sự thịnh vượng đặc biệt của người Hoa tại khu vực Đông Nam Á so với các khu vực khác trên thế giới lẫn với chính người dân bản địa. Điều gì đã giúp họ thành công như vậy?

1. Việt Nam:

Sau Hiệp ước Thiên Tân (Tianjin Accord) và Hoà ước Giáp Thân (Protectorate Treaty) năm 1884. Người Hoa ở Việt Nam trở thành một bộ phận của đế chế Thanh và sau này là Trung Hoa Dân Quốc ở nước ngoài. Nói tóm gọi họ là Đông Ấn Anh là Trung Hoa đế quốc.
Người Hoa được tổ chức thành một Đại Bang gồm bảy bang (Quảng Châu, Phúc Châu, Phúc kiến,Triều Châu, Quế Châu, Lôi Châu và Hải Nàm) của người Hoa trước kia được thành lập tại Sài Gòn lấy tên Hoa Phủ Công Sứ. Đại Bang này chỉ toàn người Quảng Đông, Triều Châu, Phúc Kiến và Hải Nàm, không có người Minh Hương, có nhiệm vụ ấn định giá gạo và giải quyết những tranh chấp nội bộ giữa người Hoa di cư với nhau. Người Hoa di cư sau này cũng phải gia nhập vào một trong bảy bang này để được cấp thẻ cư trú.
Người Minh Hương không còn được đồng hương chấp nhận là người Hoa. Những người Hoa từng theo Mạc Thiên Tứ trước kia, vì điều kiện an ninh và kinh tế dời dần về miền Đông và Sài Gòn-Chợ Lớn sinh sống, cũng phải gia nhập vào một trong bảy bang của Hoa Phủ Công Sứ.
Sau đó, Thất Phủ Võ Đế Miếu trở thành trụ sở của Thất phủ Công Sứ (Hoa Phủ Công Sứ) và cũng là trụ sở Phòng thương mại Hoa kiều ở Nam Kỳ, hay còn gọi Nam Kỳ Trung Hoa Tổng thương hội (Chambre de Commerce Chinoise de Cochinchine), được thành lập năm 1904 dưới sự kiểm soát của đế quốc thực dân Thanh. Năm 1910, Tổng thương hội Hoa kiều là hội viên của Phòng thương mại Trung Hoa, trụ sở ở Thiên Tân (TRUNG QUỐC). Người đứng đầu Đại Bang có quyền có một ghế thường trực trong chính phủ thuộc địa. Họ cùng với người Pháp đều không phải công dân thuộc địa nhưng có quyền quản lý trên thuộc địa.
Bài báo này có đề cập tới một số ví dụ về các đặc quyền của người Hoa theo chủ nghĩa thực dân Trung Hoa so với người Pháp: (https://nguoidothi.net.vn/that-phu-vo-de-mieu-va- su-hinh-thanh-tong-thuong-hoi-hoa-kieu-o-nam-ky-23038.html)
Nhờ có đặc quyền tự trị và tổ chức luật pháp riêng. Người Hoa nhanh chóng tổ chức nhau lại thành một tổ chức kinh doanh độc quyền. Họ được phép độc quyền tất cả những gì người Pháp không làm. Đây là cơ sở để họ tích lũy tài sản, mối quan hệ, trình độ quản lý và kiến thức kinh doanh, tạo tiền đề để họ nắm vững địa vị tới bây giờ.

1. Các nước Đông Nam Á Hải đảo:

Tương tự ở Việt Nam, hệ thống tự trị và kinh tế độc quyền của người Hoa đế quốc Thanh cũng phát triển dựa vào sự phối hợp của nhà Thanh với các nước phương Tây để tạo ra một bộ máy cai trị chung. Trong đó phần chính phủ thuộc địa của Thanh-Hoa được gọi là thể chế Trung Hoa Giáp Tất Đan (tiếng Anh: Kapitan Cina, tiếng Tàu: 華人甲必丹)
Thể chế Kapitan Cina được phát triển đầy đủ nhất ở thuộc địa Indonesia, nơi có một hệ thống phân cấp phức tạp gồm các Chinese officieren (sĩ quan Trung Quốc) được chính quyền Hà Lan thiết lập. Các sĩ quan đóng vai trò là Hoofden der Chinezen ('Người đứng đầu người Hoa'), tức là những nhà quản lý chính trị và pháp lý của cộng đồng người Hoa địa phương.

1. Triều Tiên

Tương tự như các nước khác, đế quốc Trung Hoa cũng thi hành nhiều chính sách ép buộc nhà Triều Tiên cho phép con buôn Trung Hoa được kinh doanh rộng rãi tại Triều Tiên nhưng không bị nhà nước sở tại quản lý. Tuy nhiên với sự thất bại của nhà Thanh trước Nhật Bản và việc Nhật Bản sáp nhập Triều Tiên đã ngăn người Hoa trở thành dân tộc nắm kinh tế nước Hàn.
Nguồn: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279207327_Tradition_Treaties_and_Trade_Qing_Imperialism_and_Choson _Korea_1850-1910_by_Kirk_W_Larsen
Tổng kết: Nhà nước đế quốc Thanh đã thất bại trong công cuộc chuyển mình từ một nhà nước đế quốc phong kiến truyền thống sang một nhà nước đế quốc tư bản kiểu phương Tây. Tuy nhiên di sản của nó vẫn tồn tại và được tiếp nối mãnh liệt bởi các nhà nước kế tục đến tận bây giờ trong khi phương Tây đã chuyển mình để trở nên tốt hơn so với chính họ. Nếu ta coi người dân thuộc địa là những kẻ bị nhốt như heo trong chuồng thì đế quốc Tàu sẽ là cổ đông lớn thứ hai của trại heo sau các nước đế quốc chiếm đóng lãnh thổ.
Nguồn bài viết: https://www.facebook.com/share/R2YMRK6AQNHH1y98/?mibextid=K35XfP

Keybase proof

I am:

• Earentir on reddit.
• earentir on keybase.

Proof:

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Keybase proof

I am:

• adistoe on reddit.
• adistoe on keybase.

Proof:

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Hệ thống mà Bộ Công an VN cho là hiện đại nhất thế giới tiềm ẩn nhiều nguy cơ khó lường.

https://preview.redd.it/rfthxfzai44d1.png?width=800&format=png&auto=webp&s=19a21ea424b82528fe337c14a22a4bca579ed431
Chỉ trong vòng có hơn tám tháng miệt mài ngày đêm, với các phương châm tâm huyết cách mệnh "đi từng ngõ, gõ từng nhà", kết hợp với hệ thống truyền thông "chánh tông" độc quyền từ báo giấy, báo mạng, truyền hình, MXH... từ nông thôn đến thành thị, từ miền xuôi lên miền núi, lực lượng công an thông báo đã tổ chức thu thập dữ liệu, cấp phát hơn 50 triệu chiếc thẻ căn cước gắn chip trên gần trăm triệu dân. ( Bộ Công an đã trả hơn 50 triệu căn cước công dân gắn chip)
Nếu thông tin trên là chính xác thì Bộ Công an VN có thể lập một kỷ lục trong việc cấp thẻ căn cước trên thế giới. Ví dụ, nước Đức phải mất đến 11 năm để cấp hơn 62 triệu thẻ căn cước điện tử cho người dân của họ ( Dân số Đức theo khảo sát năm 2023 là 83, 2 triệu dân). (Overview of the German identity card project and lessons learned (2020 update) )
Tuy nhiên, việc cấp phát nhanh chóng không phải là một tin vui trong cuộc chuyển đổi công nghệ mang tính lịch sử như thế này. Ngược lại, sự hấp tấp đó có thể sẽ khiến người dân phải chịu nhiều rủi ro rất cao cho chính bản thân mà nếu có xảy ra thì sẽ có thể chỉ nhận lại được những trách cứ từ chánh quyền kết hợp truyền thông "chánh tông" là do sự bất cẩn của đương sự, còn chánh quyền thì luôn "vì dân, do dân".
Nếu đang cầm trên tay chiếc thẻ căn cước gắn chip, bạn có thực sự biết thẻ của mình hoạt động như thế nào không? Hệ thống mà Bộ Công an đang xây dựng có những rủi ro khó lường nào mà thế giới đang cảnh báo?

Nhiều nước tránh thu thập dữ liệu cá nhân tập trung, Bộ Công an đang làm ngược lại

Vào tháng 10/2021, Bộ Công an cho rằng chiếc thẻ căn cước gắn chip của Việt Nam là “tiên tiến, hiện đại bậc nhất trên thế giới”. Tuy nhiên, tuyên bố này không thực sự chính xác. ( Tích hợp tiện ích Căn cước công dân vào phòng, chống dịch COVID-19. )
Khi làm thẻ căn cước gắn chip, bạn có thể bị hấp dẫn bởi lời quảng cáo này của Bộ Công an: các giao dịch trong tương lai chỉ cần mã số định danh cá nhân. Để thực hiện được tuyên bố đó, Bộ Công an sẽ quản lý dữ liệu của bạn bằng Cơ sở Dữ liệu Quốc gia về Dân cư, đồng thời sẽ kết nối với các dữ liệu khác như cư trú và các dữ liệu chuyên ngành như tài chính, bảo hiểm, y tế, v.v.
Gần đây, Bộ Công an tuyên bố có thể tích hợp giấy đi đường, thông tin tiêm chủng, giấy phép lái xe cùng nhiều loại giấy tờ khác vào chiếc thẻ căn cước của bạn. [Tích hợp tiện ích Căn cước công dân vào phòng, chống dịch COVID-19]
https://preview.redd.it/gqimjyvgi44d1.png?width=634&format=png&auto=webp&s=fa3f954a0096a24c21209d7e9de7d30af176a17b

Đổi lại cho sự thuận tiện trên, chính quyền đã thu thập thông tin của bạn một cách tập trung từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau. Bạn cũng không thể tự kiểm soát dữ liệu cá nhân của mình vì đã giao dữ liệu cho chính quyền, và chính quyền có thể giao cho bên thứ ba nắm giữ. Việc này tiềm ẩn nguy cơ dữ liệu bị chiếm đoạt.

Hệ thống tập trung như của Việt Nam đã được các nước sử dụng từ lâu, nhưng gần đây nhiều quốc gia đã từ bỏ lựa chọn này.

Thành phố Busan - Hàn Quốc hiện nay đang thử nghiệm giải pháp định danh phi tập trung (decentralized identity approach), có thể thay thế hệ thống định danh tập trung hiện tại. [City of Busan Provides Mobile Wallet Service Through ‘B Pass’ App]
Theo đó, công nghệ chuỗi khối (blockchain) và giải pháp định danh tự chủ (self sovereign identity) cho phép chính quyền chuyển quyền sở hữu dữ liệu cá nhân cho công dân. Dữ liệu được lưu trữ trực tiếp trên điện thoại để thực hiện các giao dịch. Công dân được toàn quyền kiểm soát dữ liệu của chính mình. [South Korea’s brilliant decentralized approach to citizen identity management]
Tạp chí công nghệ Tech Wire Asia cho rằng công nghệ định danh phi tập trung như tại Busan - Hàn Quốc có thể loại bỏ đáng kể khả năng bị giả mạo, can thiệp và đánh cắp cũng như loại bỏ các rủi ro về quyền riêng tư và bị giám sát. [South Korea’s brilliant decentralized approach to citizen identity management]

Định danh phi tập trung là giải pháp đang được nhiều nước tiên tiến hướng đến vì vừa thuận tiện cho người dùng vừa đảm bảo quyền riêng tư, bảo mật dữ liệu.

Vào tháng 7/2021, Đức đã hợp tác với Tây Ban Nha để triển khai hệ thống định danh phi tập trung. Cả hai nước kỳ vọng hệ thống này sẽ trở thành công cụ định danh chung tại châu Âu. [Germany and Spain push digital identity agenda forward]

Ra đời sau, nhưng Bộ Công an CHXHCNVN không nghiên cứu lựa chọn các giải pháp công nghệ bảo mật tiên tiến hơn mà lại chọn giải pháp đi sau các nước tiên tiến. Các tuyên bố của Bộ Công an về hệ thống định danh cho thấy cách thức quản lý dữ liệu tập trung sẽ được sử dụng lâu dài trong tương lai.

Với cách thức quản lý tập trung, mức độ đa dạng của các thông tin được thu thập và tính độc quyền trong quản lý Cơ sở Dữ liệu Quốc gia về Dân cư, Bộ Công an hoàn toàn có thể tiến đến việc kiểm soát toàn dân bằng công nghệ.

Gấp rút cấp thẻ trong khi pháp luật về bảo vệ dữ liệu cá nhân chưa hoàn chỉnh

Trong hơn tám tháng mà Bộ Công an không ngừng hối thúc người dân phải làm thẻ căn cước gắn chip, dù các quy định cụ thể về bảo vệ dữ liệu cá nhân vẫn chưa được thông qua.
Vào ngày 17/4/2023, Chính phủ đã ban hành Nghị định số 13/2023/NĐ-CP về bảo vệ dữ liệu cá nhân (“Nghị định 13”) sau một thời gian dài chờ đợi. Nghị định 13 sẽ có hiệu lực từ ngày 01/7/2023.

Ai sẽ kiểm soát việc doanh nghiệp khai thác dữ liệu cá nhân mà chính quyền thu thập?

Vào tháng 1/2018, chương trình Aadhaar, hệ thống định danh toàn dân tập trung của Ấn Độ, được cho là đã xảy ra rò rỉ dữ liệu. [ Rs 500, 10 minutes, and you have access to billion Aadhaar details. Tribune india News Service] Tờ báo India’s Tribune tiết lộ rằng phóng viên của họ chỉ cần trả 7 đô-la Mỹ cho 10 phút truy cập vào toàn bộ dữ liệu cá nhân được lưu trong hệ thống này. Việc rò rỉ này bị nghi ngờ là do chính phủ mở cơ sở dữ liệu cho các công ty tư nhân sử dụng. [ India Has Been Collecting Eye Scans and Fingerprint Records From Every Citizen. Here’s What to Know]

Vào tháng 6/2021, Trung tá Nguyễn Thành Vĩnh, Giám đốc Trung tâm nghiên cứu, ứng dụng dữ liệu dân cư và căn cước công dân, cho biết trung tâm sẽ sớm bán thiết bị, dịch vụ để doanh nghiệp khai thác dữ liệu cá nhân của người dân.

[Bộ Công an ra mắt Trung tâm nghiên cứu, ứng dụng dữ liệu dân cư, CCCD]
Các thiết bị, dịch vụ mà trung tâm sẽ cung cấp bao gồm: thiết bị xác thực sinh trắc, tư vấn sử dụng thẻ căn cước công dân để kiểm soát an ninh; thiết bị thu nhận vân tay, thiết bị đọc chip, một số kết quả thống kê phân tích dữ liệu, v.v. Có nghĩa là bạn có thể sẽ phải dùng thẻ căn cước gắn chip cho các giao dịch với các doanh nghiệp.
Trong tương lai, hệ thống mà Bộ Công an đang xây dựng có thể mang lại lợi ích cho nhà nước và doanh nghiệp, nhưng cá nhân bạn sẽ chịu nhiều rủi ro nhất. Bạn có thể sẽ không biết được dữ liệu cá nhân của mình sẽ được chuyển đến cho bao nhiêu bên, đồng thời doanh nghiệp có tự động chia sẻ dữ liệu của bạn cho nhà nước hay không?
Dự thảo Thông tư quy định dịch vụ được khai thác, sử dụng thông tin trong Cơ sở Dữ liệu Quốc gia về Dân cư của Bộ Công an quy định bạn chỉ có thể xem, khai thác và cập nhật dữ liệu cá nhân của mình, chứ không kiểm soát được ai đang khai thác dữ liệu của bạn. [ Dự thảo Thông tư quy định dịch vụ được khai thác, sử dụng thông tin trong Cơ sở dữ liệu quốc gia về dân cư]

Việc để cho người dân tự kiểm soát dữ liệu cá nhân của chính mình đang là mục tiêu của các nước tiên tiến. Tuy nhiên, Bộ Công an nhiều tháng qua chỉ đưa cho người dân một lựa chọn duy nhất về hệ thống định danh. Các tranh luận về hệ thống này đều hiếm thấy trên các tờ báo.

Dữ liệu cá nhân mà Bộ Công an đang thu thập đều là những thông tin nhân thân quan trọng như dấu vân tay, họ tên, ngày tháng năm sinh, quê quán. Không những thế, các giấy tờ liên quan cũng được tích hợp vào hệ thống này. Với nhiều bài "chánh thống" liên tục lên mạng trong thời gian gần đây, từ bà cụ bị lừa chuyển hàng chục tỷ đồng (Cụ bà 77 tuổi chuyển khoản mất gần 18 tỉ đồng sau cuộc điện thoại](https://nld.com.vn/cu-ba-77-tuoi-chuyen-khoan-mat-gan-18-ti-dong-sau-cuoc-dien-thoai-196240515060801891.htm) ), thanh niên 81 tuổi ở Hà Tĩnh ra ngân hàng rút tiền nhưng được nhân viên nhanh trí phát hiện báo CA can thiệp (Cụ ông 81 tuổi đạp xe lên TP Hà Tĩnh rút tiền để nộp cho... người lạ,

Cụ bà suýt chuyển thêm hơn 4 tỉ đồng cho kẻ lừa đảo trên mạng (https://tuoitre.vn/cu-ba-suyt-chuyen-them-hon-4-ti-dong-cho-ke-lua-dao-tren-mang-20240601173027146.htm) ... đều để đẩy mạnh công tác thúc ép dân nhanh chóng tải & sử dụng VNeID.
Câu trả lời cho tiêu đề bài biết : Mà thực tế là : Dù trả lời cũng như KHÔNG (trả lời) = Đéo thèm trả lời
https://preview.redd.it/3ltt4w0cm44d1.png?width=139&format=png&auto=webp&s=d69a3ec17acb6377357f4f2b2bb411dc7ec8700e

Friends!
We are announcing that it is now possible to make mods for the Crisis in the Kremlin: Cold War demo! Yes, Steam Workshop is still not available and will be offline, but you will be able to make mods directly and share them personally via private messages, servers, forums, groups or Google Docs. We have already released an update for the Demo version that allows you to make mods.
We also provide you with instructions for simple modding of the Demo:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wx7_-HlL8xuPqtkEl89RhNqg5gvJyfTcA2CWuVnNQic/
Have a nice play!

Check it out plenty of time to enter, just did 1sol a couple days ago
https://x.com/cryptobaule/status/1796750654473412718?s=46&t=Uij4TPJ5dHjF9-vnS44MyA

https://x.com/cryptobaule/status/1796750654473412718?s=46&t=Uij4TPJ5dHjF9-vnS44MyA Plenty of time to enter

https://jwwreviews.blogspot.com/2024/06/in-violent-nature.html
7/10
In a Violent Nature, undead Jason Vorhees-esque killer Johnny (played by Ry Barrett) goes on a killing spree in the woods as he purses a golden locket that was taken from his resting place. This is a twist on the slasher genre in which instead of focusing on the final girl and future victims the movie follows the silent killer for 90% of the film.
This is definitely an interesting idea. People crack jokes about what the killers in these films are up to between kills and how they transport from place to place. Well, here we get it, and it's an interesting concept. I've heard complaints online (and from one random stranger at the movie theater) that the movie is too much of Johnny walking around the woods. Personally, I didn't find this to be a deal breaker (and I honestly didn't think there was THAT much walking), because the cinematography and sound are excellent. The movie is short like a nature documentary kinda in that a lot is silent observation of a being in the woods. I don't think I've seen a forest-set horror movie that truly one hundred percent felt like it was filmed in a natural park. There are so many excellent captures of foliage and the natural landscape. Except for a couple moments at night, the lighting feels natural. There's no soundtrack in this. My congrats to the sound guy or guys because they make the environment feel so natural like you're actually outdoors.
The movie should be particularly congratulated for using pieces of dialogue overhead by Johnny as he stalks and the general conventions of slasher flicks that we are easily able to piece together what's happening on the victims' side of the story without spending much time on them.
Also, there are some great uses of angles and reveals. Given that Johnny is the main subject, there is an interesting use of focus where often he'll be in the foreground and his victims a little out of focus when he's observing or pursuing others.
Going back to the "movie is a lot of walking" criticism, when we get to the actual kills, they are worth the wait. This is up with Thanksgiving as one of the most violent slashers of recent years. IaVN has two of the most memorable, over-the-top kills I've seen in quite a while. Also, the movie doesn't waste time with the pursuit of the victims. It's all about the violence.
Whereas the pacing didn't feel like that big a problem, there are a weak spots. Admittedly, Johnny is a little too derivative of Jason Vorhees. The killer's mask, which is an old time firefighter's hood is a unique idea, but it looks a little too much like a mosquito and doesn't feel like it quite lands.
The dialogue for the regular people is mostly bad. The script goes with the regular tropes of horror movies, but with less effort. I know a lot of the victims in these movies die because of being jerks or being too carefree, but these guys just a rub you the wrong way a little too much.
Remember that line about the movie being 90% Johnny? Those who like the concept may not love that the movie doesn't go that extra 10% to commit to the concept. Lastly, people are going to have mixed feelings about the ending. I'm honestly unsure how I feel about it.
Kinda recommended. The pacing and offbeat nature may not be for everyone (also, if you don't like gruesome violence, you won't like this), but others amongst you will find this interesting. Worth giving a chance. Even if you're not a fan, this isn't painfully bad.

Keybase proof

I am:

• Late_Membership_445 on reddit.
• paulbort on keybase.

Proof:

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DP56UkniwC4
AnotherZero PR Review and Testimonial. "Dr. Beata Reshatar is here, double board certified in family medicine and psychiatry. I had the pleasure to work with AnotherZero. They are truly the best. They are phenomenal. The whole team, please give them a chance and you will be featured across the United States. Thank you so much, AnotherZero, you are the best."
https://www.anotherzero.com/ https://anotherzeropr.com/

The Houston Sabercats continued their streak by defending the belt against NOLA, unfortunately. Not how I was hoping the rematch of the first MLR belt match would go.
The title match: NOLA-7 to 21-HOU
The MLR belt is a theoretical lineal championship, wherein the winner of a belt match holds the belt until someone beats them, starting with the first MLR game ever played between Houston and New Orleans at the beginning of the 2018 season.
Full history: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vTj0lq7mAfobzhswKPe8TxIftvHQpxhWtPaoGpVnUSP9K8s24zs9rxOrYjrcgTWP7LMtXGgth712yZB/pub?output=pdf

Interesting UFO video scenes from different places, watch them and tell me what you think.
Clear video footage of a UFO, with many lights continuing to flash, filmed up close in Mexico.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7peZ2ARDzBQ
Clear video footage of a UFO, It passed in an instant and then appeared in the Nevada sky.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wXFBZF_gGo
Exciting video footage of a triangle-shaped UFO, filmed in Italy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvuuVnNUhZg
https://preview.redd.it/de5638n6824d1.jpg?width=642&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=09d2deea654579c16038978eec3e59b908703b29
https://preview.redd.it/xh1td9n6824d1.jpg?width=639&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=36ab3677c1563e056eb9f0524b0e59da3430e5a5
https://preview.redd.it/brsojbn6824d1.jpg?width=639&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=658f4788222951641f0d25cb2a1d8493cdafed2e