From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the country. For other uses, see Mexico (disambiguation)).United Mexican StatesEstados Unidos Mexicanos (Spanish)📷Flag📷Coat of armsAnthem: Himno Nacional Mexicano ("Mexican National Anthem")Duration: 1 minute and 42 seconds.1:42📷Mexico in the Western HemisphereMexico and its neighborsShow allCapitaland largest cityMexico City 📷19°26′N 99°8′WOfficial languagesSpanish (de facto)Co-official languages

• 68 Indigenous languages

Ethnic groupsSee belowReligion (2023)[1]

• 71% Christianity
  • 56% Catholicism
  • 10% Protestantism
  • 5% other Christian
• 17% no religion
• 8% other religion
• 5% prefer not to say

Demonym(s)MexicanGovernmentFederal presidential republic[2]• PresidentAndrés Manuel López Obrador• President of the Senate)Ana Lilia Rivera• President of the Chamber of Deputies)Marcela Guerra Castillo• Chief JusticeNorma Lucía Piña HernándezLegislatureCongress• Upper houseSenate)• Lower houseChamber of Deputies)Independence from Spain• Start of War of Independence16 September 1810• Declared27 September 1821• Recognized28 December 1836• First constitution4 October 1824• Second constitution5 February 1857• Current constitution5 February 1917Area• Total1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi) (13th)• Water (%)1.58 (as of 2015)[3]Population• 2023 estimate📷 129,875,529[4] (10th)• Density61/km2 (158.0/sq mi) (142nd)GDP (PPP)2024 estimate• Total📷 $3.434 trillion[5] (12th))• Per capita📷 $25,963[5] (70th_per_capita))GDP (nominal)2024 estimate• Total📷 $2.017 trillion[5] (12th))• Per capita📷 $15,249[5] (63rd_per_capita))Gini (2018)📷 41.8[6] mediumHDI (2022)📷 0.781[7] high (77th)CurrencyMexican peso (MXN)Time zoneUTC−8 to −5 (See Time in Mexico)• Summer (DST)UTC−7 to −5 (varies)Date formatdd/mm/yyyyDriving siderightCalling code+52ISO 3166 codeMXInternet TLD.mx

1. ^ Article 4 of the General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples[8][9]
2. ^ Spanish is de facto the official language in the Mexican federal government.

Mexico,[a][b] officially the United Mexican States,[c] is a country in the southern portion of North America. It covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi),[11] making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with a population of almost 130 million, it is the 10th-most-populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country.[12] Mexico is organized as a federal constitutional republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City, its capital. It shares land borders with the United States to the north, with Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; as well as maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east.[13]
Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico dates back to 8,000 BCE, making it one of the world's six cradles of civilization. The Mesoamerican region hosted various intertwined civilizations, including the Olmec, Maya, Zapotec, Teotihuacan, and Purepecha. The Aztecs came to dominate the area prior to European contact. In 1521, the Spanish Empire, alongside indigenous allies, conquered the Aztec Empire, establishing the colony of New Spain in the former capital, Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City).[14] Over the next three centuries, Spanish expansion enforced Christianity, spread the Spanish language, and exploited rich silver deposits in Zacatecas and Guanajuato.[15] The colonial era ended in the early nineteenth century with the Mexican War of Independence.
Following independence, Mexico faced political and socioeconomic upheaval. The United States' invasion during the Mexican–American War resulted in significant territorial losses in 1848.[16] Liberal reforms introduced in the Constitution of 1857 prompted domestic conflict, including the French intervention and the establishment of an Empire, countered by the Republican resistance led by Benito Juárez. The late 19th century saw the rise of Porfirio Díaz's dictatorship,[17] sparking the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which led to profound changes, including the 1917 Constitution. Subsequent governance by a succession of presidents, often former war generals, persisted until the emergence of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1929. Under PRI rule for 70 years, Mexico experienced significant economic growth, but also faced issues of repression and electoral fraud. The late twentieth century saw a shift towards neoliberal policies, exemplified by the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1994, amidst social unrest and indigenous rebellion in Chiapas. In 2000, PRI lost the presidency for the first time against the conservative party (PAN)).
Mexico has the world's 15th-largest economy by nominal GDP) and the 11th-largest by PPP), with the United States being its largest economic partner. As a newly industrialized[18] and developing country ranking 86th in the Human Development Index, its large economy and population, cultural influence, and steady democratization make Mexico a regional and middle power[19][20][21] which is also identified as an emerging power by several analysts.[22][23][24][25] Mexico ranks first in the Americas and seventh in the world for the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[26] It is also one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries, ranking fifth in natural biodiversity.[27] Mexico's rich cultural and biological heritage, as well as varied climate and geography, makes it a major tourist destination: as of 2018, it was the sixth most-visited country in the world, with 39 million international arrivals.[28] However, the country continues to struggle with social inequality, poverty and extensive crime. It ranks poorly on the Global Peace Index,[29] due in large part to ongoing conflict between drug trafficking syndicates. This "drug war" has led to over 120,000 deaths since 2006.[30] Mexico is a member of United Nations, the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, the Organization of American States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, and the Organization of Ibero-American States.

Etymology

Main article: Name of Mexico
Mēxihco is the Nahuatl term for the heartland of the Aztec Empire, namely the Valley of Mexico and surrounding territories, with its people being known as the Mexica. It is generally believed that the toponym for the valley was the origin of the primary ethnonym for the Aztec Triple Alliance, but it may have been the other way around.[31] In the colonial era (1521–1821) Mexico was known as New Spain. In the eighteenth century, this central region became the Intendency of Mexico, during the reorganization of the empire, the Bourbon Reforms. After New Spain achieved independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821 and became a sovereign state, the territory came to be known as the State of Mexico, with the new country being named after its capital: Mexico City. The official name of the country has changed as the form of government has changed. The declaration of independence signed on 6 November 1813 by the deputies of the Congress of Anáhuac called the territory América Septentrional (Northern America); the 1821 Plan of Iguala also used América Septentrional. On two occasions (1821–1823 and 1863–1867), the country was known as Imperio Mexicano (Mexican Empire)). All three federal constitutions (1824, 1857 and 1917, the current constitution) used the name Estados Unidos Mexicanos[32]—or the variant Estados-Unidos Mexicanos,[33] all of which have been translated as "United Mexican States". The phrase República Mexicana, "Mexican Republic", was used in the 1836 Constitutional Laws.[34]

History

Main article: History of MexicoSee also: History of the Catholic Church in Mexico, Economic history of Mexico, History of democracy in Mexico, History of Mexico City, and Military history of Mexico (i do not take credit for the original articale and information this is from wikipedia and i take no responsability for the original post or the information provied)

As you reach for that formidable bowl of popcorn drenched in butter and loaded with salt to enjoy what this thread will surely become, take a moment to consider a few pieces of information about Aztecs, indigenous peoples, and why identifying with Aztecs is furthering the process of assimilation. First, we must define Aztec, something which people usually fail to do properly. The word Aztec has a convoluted history. Somewhere in what is most likely Northern Mexico, a groop of linguistically related peoples began to migrate South starting some 1500 years ago. Today, we call these the Nahuas. As they arrived in the Mexican valley, they mixed with and added to the patchwork of groups already present. The last of these Nahuas to enter what is now central Mexico were a group called the Azteca. After some disastrous dealings with other city states of the region the Aztecs ended up confined to a small island in the middle of the lake. Here, they renamed themselves, and became the Mexica. The reality is that Aztecs were an Extreme Minority in that region even by the most literal estimation of their populations. This is because the Mexica were considered to be chiefly the inhabitants of the cities Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco, with the latter having split off from the former. When the Spanish arrived, their accounts called these people Mexicans. But the Mexica were eventually assimilated both by the Spanish and other indigenous peoples. Plenty of Nahuas still remain, but they are usually called by other names and have no verifiable connections to the Mexica in a majority of cases. But a day came when Mexican elites decided it was time to resurrect the Aztec. This manifested in their their of a Mestizo identity through which all of the rural natives could be acculturated to European norms. This was a continuing and slight redefinition of Mestizaje. In this new Mexican history, only the Aztecs and maybe the Maya mattered. But the Yaqui, Purepecha, Zapotecs, Otomi and countless others fell out of the National consciousness. Today, in keeping with it's tradition of terrible ethnic and racial classification, the US is slowly adding Aztec to their census. And this does nothing but continue the myth that started in Mexico, moved north here, and today only serves to continue the erasure of all other Mexican indigenous groups. And in our laziness and lack of want to understand indigenous dynamics, we grab on to this lie because something something identity something something Aztlan.

you know i've seen the casagrandes movie and a lot of gimmicks on it

and there is hints to it
1st ronnie anne says im 12 so is she 12 i think yes and sid joined ronnie anne to the xtreme eddie's sick and twisted twelve and over skatepark because she's twelve

2nd ronnie anne goes to the apartment and receive a surprise.CJ said were going to mexico and funny thing that ronnie anne said oh cool when ronnie anne's mom right now
3rd ronnie anne's mom is hyped about all the things she wants to show ronnie anne and she came across to a mountain that looks like a half pipe and its mount punguari after named on the doomed demigod of purepecha legend and when it escapes the mountain it turns into a full god and rains terror and unexpected there is a girl on her side and wow there is a song
4th there is an epic things on the most replayed part on the trailer and after that its still funny when bobby says i cant even take a picture and bro bobby looks fire bro on the picture
conclusion we'll see the god and ronnie anne's family to work together and some gimmicky things on it.And also ronnie anne is 12 just like sid and something epic

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Map of the Ming overseas empire in the 15th century
Political map of Xinguo in 1542
Geographical map of Xinguo in 1542
To explain what Cabrillo had stumbled into, we must take several steps back and observe events from the Xinguan point of view. In the 1430s, Ming Dynasty China embarked upon a series of maritime expeditions to extend its influence and tributary network. An explorer named Wei Shuifu discovered the New World in 1437, following the directions of Polynesian mariners from Hawaii who'd been there before him. After several early settlements on the coast were levelled by an earthquake, two colonies were built in 1449, located further inland where earthquakes were less common. These would become the cities of Ningbo and Dongguang.
From the very beginning, the colonies were rivals. Ningbo was founded by Wei Shuifu himself while Dongguang was founded by a rival explorer named Bai Hongjin. This rivalry was deliberately fuelled by the emperors back in China to prevent either one from rising to dominate all of Xinguo. Xinguo was all the way across the biggest ocean in the world and the emperors reasoned that if any one man were ever to gain sole predominance there, he would be able to break away from Chinese control entirely. Ningbo and Dongguang were therefore each made the capital of a new province. These two new provinces were creatively named North Province (with its capital at Ningbo), which was given a plain red banner as its flag, and South Province (with Dongguang as its capital), which was given a plain green banner.
Wei Shuifu was a native of the city of Ningbo in Zhejiang province. Ningbo in Xinguo was named for Ningbo in Zhejiang, but it's spelled differently in Chinese despite the pronunciation being the same (tones included). It was mainly settled by the Wu-speakers of Zhejiang, but there were also Min-speakers from Fujian as well as Vietnamese, Cham, and Malay settlers. Bai Hongjin named the capital of South Province Dongguang, which means Eastern Expanse. This bears an obvious resemblance to Bai's home province of Guangdong, which means Expansive East. According to Bai, however, the name was a reference to the wide open expanse of the virgin eastern land where Dongguang was built. South Province was mainly settled by Yue-speaking people from Guangdong, but also by Chams, Vietnamese, Hakka, Zhuang, Thais, and Filipinos (whom the Chinese called Dongdu).
Chinese emperors and bureaucrats were never all that enthusiastic about colonising the New World. Furthermore, it was hard to maintain meaningful control over a land on the other side of Earth's biggest ocean. As a result of the central government's neglect, Wei and Bai entrenched themselves in local politics so deeply that they successfully established feudal dynasties in Xinguo. They gave out huge tracts of land to men from China, Vietnam, and Champa. These men, in turn, brought colonists over to settle their lands and became effectively feudal barons under the auspices of their liege lord. In China, an office like that of governor was just that: an office. The particular office holder could be replaced at will. In Xinguo, however, the Wei and Bai families became too important to replace. When a governor died, his son took his place as acting governor and sent a suggestion back to China that he be officially confirmed in the office. Emperors almost always rubber-stamped these suggestions with their approval. On the few occasions when an emperor did try to replace a governor, it never went well. Gentry, merchants, and the militia all supported the Wei and Bai families to the point where removal became nigh-impossible without a full-scale invasion—and an invasion of a land across the ocean was no mean feat to consider, much less pull off successfully.
Instead of trying to actually control their Xinguan colonies, the emperors treated them more like vassal states than as actual provinces. To keep the governors in line, the emperors played the two of them off each other. Throughout the 15th century, Ningbo and Dongguang fought a long series of proxy wars. Each one had a mandate to expand, which put them in conflict with the peoples already inhabiting the lands around them. Whenever one came into conflict with a hostile tribe, they found their enemies wielding weapons provided to them by the other. And so it went, both sides jockeying to put the other in a weaker position while currying favour with the imperial court back in China.
In the late 15th century, China began winding down its overseas tributary network in order to focus on threats closer to home. Xinguo, however, could provide things China couldn't get anywhere else, at least not in such quantities. There were, of course, cocoa and New World spices that couldn't be obtained anywhere in Asia or Europe, but the Ming government was most interested in silver.
Mexico and Peru are home to the two biggest silver deposits in the entire world, rendering all Asian silver sources trivial by comparison. The indigenous peoples living atop the silver deposits had only a rudimentary understanding of how to smelt and smith it, with their metallurgical craft being in its infancy. Nevertheless, it didn't take a master smith to understand how valuable it was to the Xinguans. They were happy to dig it up and exchange it for Chinese goods they couldn't make for themselves.
Beginning with its official establishment as an institution of China in 1450, Treasure Fleet set sail every year from Suzhou, China, loaded with all the goods of the Old World. Two months or so later, they arrived at Dongguang in Xinguo, and exchanged Asia's bounty for that of America before returning to Suzhou. The round trip took about four or five months and upon its return, a portion of the silver went straight into the emperor's coffers as tribute. By the beginning of the 16th century, this trade had become a vital component of China's economy. Most importantly, the annual influx of silver was essential to maintaining the health of China's silver-based currency. Coins were minted in silver, which made silver the lifeblood of the economy. Government officials and soldiers were paid in silver, government projects were paid for in silver, and taxes were typically paid in silver.
Mexican silver was mined by the Chichimecs, an unsophisticated group of tribes called barbarians by their neighbours. They sold it to the Aztecs and Purepecha, who sold it to Xinguo. In Peru, it was the Incan Empire who controlled the precious metal. All three were happy to trade for silk, iron, and gunpowder. Both the North and South Provinces owed tribute every year, but with several options to choose from they could play their trading partners off each other to get the best price. Simultaneously the Aztecs, Purepecha, and Incans were able to play the Xinguan factions off against each other to get the best deals for themselves. It was a highly lucrative trade beneficial to all involved.
Then Spain happened.
To the Xinguans, Spain was a most unwelcome intruder. A bull in the proverbial china shop, Spain conquered all of Xinguo's trading partners between 1519 and 1533. Suddenly, the Xinguans could only get silver from a single source. No more playing different nations off each other, they had to take what they could get.
The northerners and southerners reacted differently to the change. South Province decided to take it with a smile. Their merchants continued visiting the same old ports they always had, exchanging silk for silver with a grin. Meanwhile, North Province decided it wouldn't take this lying down. At every opportunity, they provided weapons to Spain's enemies. Purepechans, Mixtecs, and others received fire arrows, swords, and spears from Ningbo.
In 1540, North Province was governed by a man named Wei Chengjia, who'd been governor since 1526. He was known to be polite and mild-mannered, but also wily and devious. In his youth, he'd been captured by a raiding party from the Brave Tribe during the Brave Hills War (1512 – 1515). While in captivity he was treated well and met many prominent members of the tribe, including the daughter of the chief who captured him. The two of them fell in love and thereafter, Chengjia became the most vociferous proponent of peace with the Braves. Writing letters from captivity, he convinced his father not to invade Brave territory, but to make peace instead, which resulted in the Treaty of the Braves, and marriage between Wei Chengjia and his beloved, whom he gave the Chinese name Yinglan. The marriage secured lasting peace between Ningbo and the Braves. Wei was rare among upper-class Chinese men in that he married no other wives and took no concubines, preferring Yinglan as his one and only wife.
When Wei caught wind of Mexico's plans to send an expedition to make contact with Dongguang, he decided this wasn't ideal for his purposes. The meeting would have to be sabotaged. North Province spies were embedded in Acapulco, pretending to be simple merchants. When they found out about Cabrillo's expedition, they sent word ahead of him to Ningbo, where Wei set a trap. Ships loyal to Wei but flying South Province's colours were to meet Cabrillo and prevent him from making it to Dongguang. The rest has already been discussed.
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In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue, but he couldn't have predicted that others had tread his path before him. As the Spaniards colonised the islands of the new continent Columbus had stumbled across on his way to Asia, they kept hearing more and more about the mainland. There reigned a great empire called the Triple Alliance, better known to history as the Aztec Empire. Beyond them was the Purepecha Empire, and far beyond that, rumours swirled of another people whose cold calculus of war was surpassed only by their appetite for the bounties of the New World. Cocoa, spices, feathers, furs, all these things were coveted by the westerners, but most of all they desired silver.
In February 1519, the conquistador Hernando Cortes led an expedition to the mainland to discover what all the fuss was about and to claim it for Spain—and claim a portion for himself too. After passing along the Maya coast, Cortes left his ships on the coast at the site of the future city of Veracruz and marched inland in September.
He soon came into conflict with Otomi and Tlaxcallan warriors and was shocked to find himself under fire from rocket arrows. These were no simple fire crackers or burning arrows, they were more like rocket-propelled javelins. Loaded into a handheld frame, a single man could fire thirty or more rocket arrows at once by lighting a single fuse with a match. Cortes couldn't bring himself to believe the natives had cracked the secrets of gunpowder and indeed, after making peace with the Tlaxcallans, they informed him the weapons came from the mysterious western merchants. The Tlaxcallans had a name for the westerners: Sancuca.
In November of 1519, Cortes arrived at the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, where he was peacefully received by Emperor Montezuma II. There, he finally came face to face with some of the elusive Sancuca, who were in the city on a diplomatic mission. Their facial features made it obvious they weren't from Mexico and in fact reminded Cortes of descriptions of Mongols that he'd heard about. They wore flowing silk robes and large hats, or at least small hoods, for it was their custom not to have their hair uncovered in public.
It wasn't immediately clear to him who they were, but he relayed descriptions of them in his letters to Europe. Cortes's account was compared with accounts of Portuguese explorers in eastern Asia and with Marco Polo's tales. When a conclusion was finally reached, it reverberated throughout Europe like a bombshell: Cortes had made contact with China. Mexico was, of course, the last place Spain had been expecting to encounter the Chinese. A whirlwind of letter-writing and debates erupted in Europe about how they got there. Many said this meant Asia really could be reached by sailing west while some went so far as to declare this to be proof that Columbus had been right about the size of the Earth, which he'd believed to be much smaller than it really is. Perhaps Mexico and the Caribbean really were just the eastern fringes of Asia itself. Calmer voices cautioned that more information was needed before any conclusions should be made.
Cortes went on to conquer the Aztec Empire for Spain, but to the west lay the Purepecha Empire, greatest rival to the Aztecs. Between 1522 and 1530, the Purepecha were brought under Spanish rule through a mixture of diplomacy, guile, and a carrot-and-stick strategy to bring local elites onboard with Spanish rule. Serious resistance began in 1530, when a Spanish conquistador tortured and executed the Purepechan ruler, which plunged the empire into chaos. While fighting Purepechan rebels, the Spaniards and their indigenous allies often found the enemy wielding rocket arrows and other Chinese weapons.
As the 1530s wore on, other conquistadors expanded Spain's borders to the north and south. In 1533, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan Empire.
Through all this, Sancuca merchants continued showing up on Mexico's Pacific coast and on the Peruvian coast looking to purchase the New World's bounty. They were all smiles as they conversed with the Spaniards in Nahuatl or in Quechua, even as Chinese fire arrows set Spanish outposts ablaze in western Mexico. When asked how their weapons kept ending up in the hands of Spain's enemies, the merchants would always deny any knowledge of such a thing. This decidedly bipolar behaviour led the Spaniards to consider the Chinese to be duplicitous actors. That and efforts by Madrid to crack down on smuggling and centralise control of New Spain's economy led Spain to ban Chinese merchants from all ports except Acapulco in New Spain and Lima in Peru.
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A while back I posted my idea for future DLCs. Well now I'm going to post these civs in full.
I can't take credit for all these ideas, as a lot of them came from this topic on the original forum, in particular the UUs and UTs and the specifics around them. But I hope you like the base ideas for DLC focus and the civs that will be added to them.

1. MONARCHS OF THE ORIENT (2024)

A much wanted DLC, the follow up to The Mountain Royals will entail a focus on East Asia and in particularly the Sinosphere.
Jurchens
UT1: Tungusic System - Farm yields 50 more foods
UT2. Guazi Ma - Camels and Steppe lancers do blast damage
UU: Tiefutu: Fast cavalry lancer with better pierce armor
Tibetans
UT1: Bon Temple - Monks are created faster
UT2: Navigating Himalaya - Villagers move faster on elevation
UU: Khampa: Infantry that can also heal and convert like monks
Campaigns
Chinese: Taizong - Tang Emperor
Jurchens: Aguda - Founder of the Jin dynasty
Tibetans: The Dharma Kings - The rise and fall of the Tibetan empire through the stories of Songtsen Gampo, Trisong Detsen and Ralpacan

2. RETURN TO AFRICA (2024)

Another hugely in demand DLC is one which sees the game return its focus on Africa, so the title is rather obvious and self-explanatory. More specifically, the civs are from the northern half of Africa.
Kanembu
UT1: Lifdi - All light cavalry units are immune to anti-cavalry damage
UT2: Zaghawa Trade Route - Trade carts have more hp and now carry more gold
UU: Bornu Rider - Light cavalary that gain bonus damage when trade cart is near
Somalis
UT1: Horn of Africa - Dock LOS increased and if any ship is detected by dock the location of the ship is always visible.
UT2: Ottoman Support - All gunpowder units get faster reload
UU1: Malassay - Somali hand cannoneers that are faster and cheaper but weaker than hand cannoneer
UU2: Markab - Galleon that is stronger than galleon but slower
Songhai
UT1: Salt Trade - Teamwide Stone Trickle
UT2: Tuareg - Camels units take -8 damage from anti-camel attacks
UU: Gao Lancer - Camel lancer
Campaigns
Kanembu: Idris Alooma - Extended the Kanem-Bornu empire to its greatest height
Somalis: Imam Ahmad - Led the Adal Sultanate in a war against Ethiopia
Songhai: Sunni Ali - Invaded and conquered Mali

3. CHIEFTAINS OF THE NEW WORLD (2025)

And yet another popular, in demand DLC is one which adds more American civs to the game. In Chieftains of the New World, the focus is central America.
Purepechas
UT1: Chimali Ahield - Cuitzeo's Chosen and Eagle Warrior have more pierce armour
UT2: Curicaueri's Spirit - If a unit is being converted by enemy monks it will get speed and damage boost
UU: Cuitzeo's Chosen - Faster, cheaper and weaker version of Jaguar Warrior
Zapotecs
UT1: Warchief - Thunder Warrior gains bonus armour
UT2: Cloud People - Villagers cost wood
UU: Thunder Warrior - Faster and weaker Jaguar Warrior with damage bonus against melee infantry
Campaigns
Mayans: Hunac Ceel - Founder of the Cocom dynasty who waged war against Chichen Itza
Purepechas: Erendira - Legendary princess who led a revolt against the Spanish
Zapotecs: Cosijoeza - Fought wars against the Aztecs and reportedly never lost a battle

4. THE SLAVIC NOBLES (2025)

Yep, we return to Europe because a final Slav split just has to be done. The Slavs, to make them sound more like "the Russian civ",
Croats
UT1: Bans - Castles fire twice as many arrows (garrisons included)
UT2: Shrewd Recruits - Knight-line gold cost reduced from 75 to 50, Zupan reduced from 35 to 20.
UU1: Zupan - Cavalry unit with bonus damage against the Spearman-line.
UU2: Kondura - Naval trash unit with bonus damage against the Fire Ship-line.
Serbs
UT1: Saxon Miners - Gold miners work 20% faster
UT2 - Arming Doublet - Guszar +2 armor
UU: Guszar - Light cavalry, similar to, you guessed it, the Hussar
Vlachs
UT1: Impalers - Calarasi damage boost now stacks up to 5 enemy killed
UT2: Warrior Peasants - Villagers armour and attack increased
UU: Calarasi - Light cavalry that gets damage boost for every enemy killed (stack up to 4)
Campaigns
Croats: Petar Snacic - Led the downfall of the Kingdom of Croatia and its eventual subjugation by Hungary
Serbs: Stefan Dusan - Founder of the Serbian Empire
Ruthenians: Ivan the Great - Grand Prince who ended Mongol/Tatar rule in Russia and laid the foundations for modern Russia
Vlachs: Vlad Dracula - No changes but Vlachs now replace the Turks, Magyars and Slavs in the campaign.

5. DEFENDERS OF THE PACIFIC (2026)

In this DLC, we return to Asia, with two new South East Asian civs added, plus a campaign for an old favourite.
Siamese
UT1: Naresuans Elephant - Elephants get bonus damage against elephant and move faster.
UT2: Kapampangan Mercenaries - Spearman line costs no food
UU1: Elephant Cannoneer - Elephant ridden by a hand cannoneer. Less pierce armour than other elephant units, and more expensive.
UU2: Ayutthyan Guard - Champion unit created at barracks, being garrisoned in a castle or defensive building makes it strong giving it increased damage and building armour
Tagalog
UT1: Mga Kawal - Militia and Maharlika lines take 25% less damage
UT2: Hukbong Dagat - Warships gain +5 damage
UU: Maharlika A powerful Skirmisher-type unit
Campaigns
Japanese: Hojo Clan - Major players in the Genpei War (which Kurikara takes place during) who went on to successfully defend Japan from Mongol invasions
Siamese: Maha Chakkrapahat - King of Ayutthya, who fought against Bayinnaung's sieges
Tagalog: Lapulapu - Pirate turned defender of Cebu from Spanish invaders

6. SULTANS OF THE SILK ROAD (2026)

We move our focus to the Islamic world for this DLC.
Afghans
UT1: Zamindars - Gain 50 gold for every house built
UT2: Bactrian Camel - Camel speed increased
UU: Zamburak - Short ranged cannon mounted on a camel, strong against siege units and buildings
Kurds
UT1: Solomon's Servant: Castles are built by villagers very fast
UT2: Kurdish Resolve - Foot archer units gain attack speed when hp below 50%
UU: Tirevan - Archer with bonus damage against unique unit
Campaigns
Afghans: Mahmud Ghaznavi - Ghaznavid Emperor who extended his empire from Persia as far as the Himalayas
Kurds: Abu'l-Aswar - Shaddadid ruler who had numerous interactions with the Byzantines and Armenians
Turks: Mehmed II - Ottoman emperor whose greatest feat was the conquest of Constantinople

7. TALES FROM THE STEPPES (2027)

This DLC has a bit of a wider focus but it has a theme of steppe peoples, or at least people with origins in the steppes.
Gokturks
UT1: Sogdian Merchants - Trade carts are created faster
UT2: Steppe Husbandry - All cavalry units get bonus HP
UU: Yabgu - Better version of Steppe Lancer
Khazars
UT1: Hebraic Nomads - Monks gain increased movement speed
UT2: Composite Bow - Cavalry Archers +4 attack
UU: Arsiyah - Strong cavalry archer that has all the advantages of Parthian tactics and more
Campaigns
Gokturks - Ilterish Qaghan - Founder of the second Turkic Khaganate who revolted against Tang Chinese rule
Khazars - Barjik - Prince who fought and died in the Arab-Khazar wars.
Magyars - Stephen I - Founder of the Kingdom of Hungary

8. THE IMPERIAL EAST (2027)

This DLC sees more focus on East Asia, with a couple of civs who have been in demand for that region.
Khitans
UT1: Orda System - Stables and archery ranges work 30% faster
UT2: Tielin Army - Cavalry Archers +2 Attack and Pishi Guards +3 Attack.
UU: Pishi Guard - Short ranged cavalry archer with low attack but high HP and armour
Tanguts
UT1: Chinese Crossbow - Crossbowmen fire two more arrows with 3P attack
UT2: Iron Kite - Knight and Cavalier deal 5M to surrounding units upon death (blast radius 0.5)
UU- Xia Horseman - Heavy cavalry with greater speed than generic knight line cavalry
Campaigns
Khitans: Abaoji - Founder of the Liao dynasty
Koreans: Choe Yeong - General who crushed rebellions in Korea and aided the Red Turban Rebellion in China
Tanguts: Xia Emperors - The rise, peak and fall of the Western Xia through the story of a number of its emperors

9. END OF AN AGE (2028)

The title is rather misleading as this won't be the final DLC, but rather it focuses on the late antiquity/dark ages period. The first DLC to be era specific oriented.
Nubians
UT1: Nubian Archery - All archers LOS increased
UT2: Nubian Mercenary - Archers generate gold on hit
UU: Alodian Archer - Archers with 100% accuracy without thumb ring
Vandals
UT1: German Levy - Suebi Warriors are created much faster
UT2: Plunder - Infantry units gains attack bonus against buildings and generate gold while attacking building
UU: Suebi Warrior - Cheaper version of Gothic Huskarls with more bonus damage against archers and less pierce armour
Campaigns
Nubians: Qalidurut - Repelled an Arab invasion of Nubia
Romans: Romulus Augustulus - The last Roman emperor who unsuccessfuly fought the Goths off
Vandals: Gelimer - King of the North African Vandal kingdom who unsuccessfully fought Belisarius off

10. THE ANDEAN WARCHIEFS (2028)

And now we move back to the Americas, and more specifically to South America, with three new civs.
Chimus
UT1: Braided Leather - Archers have better range
UT2: Offering to the Dead - Chimor Warriors now gain damage for any allied units die near them. stack up to 5
UU : Chimor Warrior - Heavy infantry unit which gains damage if an allied Chimu dies near them
Mapuches
UT1: Clansmen - Light cavalry line costs less food
UT2: Chemamull - Villagers can now build Chemamull . Unique Mapuche building that can heal and give bonus damage to nearby units. cost: 250 stone
UU: Malon - Light cavalry with bonus damage against siege and gunpowder unit
Muiscas
UT1: Tejo - Ballistics for skirmisher
UT2: Muiscan Resolve - Guecha now has bonus damage against skirmisher
UU: Guecha - Anti-archer archer
Campaigns
Chimus: Minchancaman - Leader of the Chimus in the Inca-Chimu war
Mapuches: Lautaro - Led a resistance against Spanish invaders
Muiscas: El Dorado - Remake of the old Forgotten campaign

11. NAWABS OF THE DECCAN (2029)

Another Indian split?? Well...yes. This DLC sees the Dravidians get split into four civs, with the Dravidians renamed as Tamils.
Kannadigas
UT1: Elephant Husbandry - Elephants can regenerate
UT2: Naymankara - Nayaks generate gold over time
UU1: Amara Footman - Very fast and weak light infantry who gains damage when near to Nayak
UU2: Nayak - Slow and strong heavy infantry who get bonus speed when near to Amara Footman. Only 5 can be present in the army
Oriyas
UT1: Paika Dance - Paika attack speed increased
UT2: Chasa - Villagers move on farms faster
UU: Paika - Unique light infantry that gains bonus damage when near to another Paika. Stakable
Sinhalese
UT1: Angampora - All units get extra damage against gunpowder
UT2: Spice Trade - Trade cogs move faster
UU: Nilame - Champion unit which takes lesser damage from firearms
Campaigns
Kannadigas - Krishnadevaraya - Emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire at its peak
Oriyas: Kapilendra Deva - Founder of the Gajapati Empire
Sinhalese - Parakramabahu - King of Sinhala who extended his kingdom and led military campaigns in South India and Burma
Tamils - Rajendra (no changes)

12. THE UNFORGOTTEN KINGS (2029)

So, a first, which some people have wanted. For the game's 30th anniversary, there will be a campaign only DLC. One campaign for the Vikings, and some historical battles for the original Age of Kings civs that haven't been featured in historical battles. In my previous topic I pitched the idea of shoehorning a Viking campaign into a DLC which featured the Dutch and Swiss but I'm sure such a DLC probably won't go down so well with the playerbase and I do agree that at this point Europe has more than enough civs. So I thought this would be a nicer way of doing it.
Campaigns
Vikings: Harald Hadrada -
Historical Battles
Byzantines: Chandax - Retaking Crete from the Saracens
Celts: Clontarf - The end of Viking rule over Ireland
Goths: Faventia - Gothic resistance against Justinian's attempt at reconquering Italy
Mongols: Kose Dag - Mongol conquest of Anatolia and disintegration of the Seljuk Empire
Saracens: Ain Jalut - The Mongol Ilkhanate stopped right in their tracks, and one of the very few Mongol defeats in history
Teutons: Lechfield - Otto I's resistance against Hungarian advance into Germany

13. MANSAS OF THE SOUTH (2030)

And here is our third African DLC, this time the focus being the southern African kingdoms and empires of the time period.
Kongolese
UT1: Natural Hunters - Villagers can attack with bows and are affected by archer upgrades
UT2: Bakongo Mask - All units get higher line of sight
UU: Zande Warrior - Heavy spear infantry with better pierce armour
Swahilis
UT1: Luhya Javelin - Skirmisher and Luhya Skirmisher gets more damage
UT2: Swahili Coast - Trade cogs transfer increased gold
UU: Luhya Skirmisher - Stronger skirmisher with greater damage against archers
Zimbabweans
UT1: Ivory Weaponry - Goromondo and militia lines cost less
UT2: N’aga - Units engaged in combat gets healed faster
UU1: Goromondo - Heavy club infantry. Slow but strong
UU2: Savannah Warrior - Alternative to scout cavalry. Similar to Eagle Warrior.
Campaigns
Kongolese: Afonso I - Kongolese King who interacted with the Portuguese
Swahilis: Ali ibn al-Hassan Shirazi - Persian who founded the Kilwa sultanate
Zimbabweans: Matope - Led Great Zimbabwe at its height

14. LEGENDS OF THE AMERICAS (2030)

Now, we have our third American DLC, this time moving northwards to North America.
Iroquois
UT1: Tomahawk - Iroquois warrior damage increased
UT2: Longhouse - Louses provide +2 pop
UU: Cheveyo - Double axe wielding light infantry with incredibly fast attack speed
Mississippians
UT1: Falcon War Dance - All melee units move faster
UT2: Mississippian Handcrafting - Villagers repair much faster
UU: Spiro Warrior - Light infantry which has poison damage. Enemy unit lose hp overtime after being attacked by it. Healing or garrisoning may stop this effect
Puebloans
UT1: Flying Shields - Skirmisher and Mantlet created faster
UT2: Siege of Acoma - Ballistic for Mantlet
UU: Mantlet: Shielded ranged siege unit with pierce armour
Campaigns
Iroquois: Deganawida - The "great peacemaker" who founded the Iroquois Confederacy
Mississippians: Tuskaloosa - Fought against Spanish invaders
Puebloans: The Ancestral Tribes - Something a little different. A campaign with somewhat fictitious scenarios focusing on the various groups of Ancestral Puebloan people

15. THE ISLAND KINGDOMS (2030)

And the last one of my DLC ideas. This one focuses on a handful of "island peoples" from across the globe.
Caribs
UT1: Navigating Caribbean - Ships move faster
UT2: Cannibalism - If a villager dies, all the other villager near it will work 100% faster for 10 seconds
UU: Blowgunner - Has ranged poison attack that deals damage over time. Can be cancelled by healing or garrison
Malagasy
UT1: Malayan Migrators - Outrigger canoe (new common fishing ship for Malay, Malagasy and Tagalog)
UT2: Cultural Diversity - All allied players' villagers work faster
UU: Assegai Warrior - Spearmen with attack bonus vs unique cavalry unit. bonus damage is more than samurai
Polynesians
UT1: Seafarer - Can create Waka Canoe
UT2: Miracles of Mo'ai - Villager building speed increased
UU1: Patu Warrior - Maori light infantry which can cause enemy to lose attack speed for 2 seconds when engaging melee
UT2: Waka Canoe: Canoe that can convert other ships from a short distance. The more near a ship the more chance for the ship to be converted. The enemy ship engaged with a Waka Canoe can not move or attack
Campaigns
Caribs: Kalinago - Story of the Caribs (Kalinago is their modern name), from rise to power against the Tainos to their resistance against European invaders
Malagasy: Merina - Fictitious campaign about the Merina peoples and a struggle against other Malagasy tribes, plus Arab and Portuguese invaders
Polynesians: Momo - Founder of the T'ui Tonga
And that's all my ideas. Who knows what may come afterwards? Let me know what you think, and thanks for reading!

With the release of the Mountain Royals, it seems like our beloved game isn't going away any time soon! So I thought I would post a roadmap full of my ideas for future DLCs. I won't get bogged down writing about the technical aspects of each civ (bonuses, techs, etc). Just their architecture, unique techs and units, plus campaigns for each DLC. Nicely done.

1. RETURN TO AFRICA

A request as common as Armenians and Georgians among the playerbase has been a second African DLC. Well here it is, my first DLC idea. I thought I'd go with three new civs rather than the usual two because there is a lot of ground to cover in Africa, especially compared to Europe and Asia. However, despite the amount of names suggested, I thought I would go with the three that have the most recorded history and have interacted with other civs, the Kanembu, Somalis and Songhai.
Kanembu
Architecture - African
UT 1 - Lifdi - All light cavalary unit have reduced anti-cavalary damage.
UT 2 - Zaghawa Trade Route - Trade carts have more hp and now carry more gold
UU - Hausa Rider - Light cavalry that gain bonus damage when trade cart is near
Somalis
Architecture - African
UT 1 - Horn of Africa: Dock LOS increased and if any ship is detected by dock the location of the ship is always visible.
UT 2 - Ottoman Support: All gunpowder units get faster reload
UU - Adali Cannoneer. Somali hand cannoneers that are faster and cheaper but weaker than hand cannoneer
Songhai
Architecture - African
UT 1 - Salt Trade - Teamwide Stone Trickle
UT 2 - Tuareg - Camels units take -8 damage from anti-camel attacks
UU - Gao Lancer - Camel lancer
Campaigns
Kanembu - Idris Alooma - Extended the Kanem-Bornu empire to its greatest height
Somalis - Imam Ahmad - Led the Adal Sultanate in a war against Ethiopia
Songhai - Sunni Ali - Invaded and conquered Mali
Turks - Suleiman - Extended the Ottoman Empire to its greatest height, including annexing parts of East Africa

2. MONARCHS OF THE ORIENT

Another popular idea is a Chinese semi-split, and as someone who wants a Chinese campaign, this I can get behind. Added are the Jurchens and, yes, the Tibetans too. Hey, if EU4 added them with no issues from the CCP, I don't see why FE wouldn't. Not including them would be ignoring a huge part of Asian history, and leaving a great big chunk out of the AoE2 world map.
Jurchens
Architecture - East Asian
UT 1 - Tungusic System - Farm yields 50 more foods
UT 2 - Guazi Ma - Camels and Steppe lancers do blast damage
UU - Tiefutu - Fast cavalry lancer with better pierce armour
Tibetans
UT 1 - Bon Temple - Monks are created faster
UT 2 - Navigating Himalaya - Villagers move faster on elevation
UU - Khampa - Infantry that can also heal and convert like monks
Campaigns
Chinese - Taizong - Tang Emperor who led China to arguably the greatest era in its entire history
Jurchens - Wanyan Aguda - Founder of the Jin dynasty
Tibetans - The Dharma Kings - The story of Songtsen Gampo, Trisen Detsong and Ralpacan, three emperors of the Tibetan Empire who oversaw its rise and fall

3. CHIEFTAINS OF THE NEW WORLD

And yet another popular one is more American civs. Like Africa, I thought I'd throw three in as there is so much to cover from what spans three current continents, but also like Africa it's quite a tricky one choosing civs because there's so little recorded history about a lot of the American tribes at the time. I thought a good bet would be to include the Tarascans, but then to make things a little diverse and not just consign this DLC to Central American civs, I thought I'd pick the Mississippians from North America, and the Musicas from South America.
Mississippians
Architecture - American
UT 1 - Earthworks - Can create villagers from castles and fortresses
UT 2 - War Plains - Cavalry units get +5 armour
UU - Plain Rider - Light cavalry, similar to the Hussar (yes, an American civ with cavalry!)
Muiscas
Architecture - American
UT 1 - Tejo - Ballistics for skirmisher
UT 2 - Muiscan Resolve - Guecha now has bonus damage against skirmisher
UU - Guecha - Anti-archer archer
Tarascans
UT 1 - Chimali Shield - Cuitzeo's Chosen and Eagle Warrior have more pierce armor
UT 2 - Cuitzeo's Spirit - If a unit is being converted by enemy monks it will get speed and damage boost
UU: Cuitzeo's Chosen - Faster, cheaper but weaker version of skirmisher
Campaigns
Mayans - Hunac Ceel - General who conquered Chichen Itza and founded the Cocom Dynasty
Mississippians - Tuskaloosa - Paramount chief who defended what is now Alabama from a Spanish invasion
Muiscas - El Dorado - Remake of the old Forgotten campaign
Tarascans - Tzitzipandaquare - Emperor of the Purepecha Empire at its peak, waging war against the Aztecs

4. DEFENDERS OF THE PACIFIC

Well we're long overdue the addition of a Thai civ (and it perplexes me that they weren't included in Rajas given so much of the architectural style was modeled on them). So we have a couple of new South East Asian civs in the Siamese, and the Tagalog who represent the people of what is now the Phillippines. Also this DLC is an excuse to throw in a Japanese campaign, so I thought I'd give it a vague "Pacific" theme!"
Siamese
Architecture - South East Asian
UT 1 - Naresuans Elephant - Elephants get bonus damage against elephant and move faster.
UT 2 - Kapampangan Mercenaries - Spearman line costs no food
UU: Ayutthyan Guard - Champion unit, being garrisoned in a castle or defensive building makes it strong giving it increased damage and building armour
Tagalog
Architecture - South East Asian
UT 1 - Mga Kawal - Militia and Maharlika lines take 25% less damage
UT 2 - Hukbong Dagat - Warships gain +5 damage
UU - Maharlika A powerful Skirmisher-type unit
Campaigns
Japanese - Hojo Clan - Major players in the Genpei War (which Kurikara takes place during) who went on to successfully defend Japan from Mongol invasions
Siamese - Maha Chakkrapahat - King of Ayutthya, who fought against Bayinnaung's sieges
Tagalog - Lapulapu - Pirate turned defender of Cebu from Spanish invaders

5. THE SLAVIC NOBLES

A final Slavs split. Got to be done. At this point they're known as "the Russian civ", so they are to be renamed Ruthenians. Added are Serbs and Croats, who are two of the only civs left that the Slavs still represent. And then there are the Vlachs, who can be given the Dracula campaign.
Croats
Architecture - Mediterranean
UT 1 - Bans - Castles fire twice as many arrows (garrisons included)
UT 2 - Shrewd Recruits - Knight-line gold cost reduced from 75 to 50, Zupan reduced from 35 to 20.
UU 1 - Zupan - Cavalry unit with bonus damage against the Spearman-line.
UU 2 - Kondura - Naval trash unit with bonus damage against the Fire Ship-line.
Serbs
Architecture - Mediterranean
UT 1 - Saxon Miners - Gold miners work 20% faster
UT 2 - Arming Doublet - Guszar +2 armor
UU - Guszar - Light cavalry, similar to, you guessed it, the Hussar
Vlachs
Architecture - Eastern European
UT 1 - Impalers - Calarasi damage boost now stacks up to 5 enemy killed
UT 2 - Warrior Peasants - Villagers armour and attack increased
UU - Calarasi - Light cavalry that gets damage boost for every enemy killed (stack up to 4)
Campaigns
Croats - Petar Snacic - Led the downfall of the Kingdom of Croatia and its eventual subjugation by Hungary
Serbs - Stefan Dusan - Founder of the Serbian Empire
Ruthenians - Vladimir Sviatoslavich - Prince of both Novgorod and Kiev who introduced Orthodox Christianity to the region

6. THE IMPERIAL EAST

This one has a broader focus than the other DLCs, which is simply for more Asian civs to be added with no region of Asia specified. Plenty of options in that regard, but two good choices, I felt, are the Afghans who serve as a sort of Hindustani split, and the Sinhalese who represent the peoples of what is now Sri Lanka.
Afghans
Architecture - Central Asian
UT 1 - Zamindars - Gain 50 gold for every house built
UT 2 - Bactrian camel - Camel speed increased
UU - Murattabas - Low cost self regenerating heavy cavalry
Sinhalese
Architecture - South Asian
UT 1 - Elephant husbandry - Elephants can regenerate
UT 2 - Chanaya - Prabhus generate gold over time
UU 1 - Kotte Footman - Very fast and weak light infantry who gains damage when near to Prabhu
UU 2 - Prabhu - Slow and strong heavy infantry who get bonus speed when near to Kotte Footman. Only 5 can be present in the army
Campaigns
Afghans - Mahmud Ghaznavi - Ghazanavid sultan who extended his empire to great heights, stretching from Central Asia to Punjab
Koreans - Choe Yeong - General who quelled rebellions in Korea and assisted the Ming dynasty in the Red Turban Rebellion against the Mongol Yuan dynasty
Sinhalese - Parakramabahu - King of Sinhala who extended his kingdom and led military campaigns in South India and Burma

7. VISIONARIES OF EUROPE

Get ready to sigh and roll your eyes, it's another European DLC! In all honesty, I only thought this one up as an excuse to deliver a Vikings campaign, that's its honest and literal purpose. But if you pointed a gun at my head and asked me to name just two more European civs to be added to AoE 2, it would be the Dutch and the Swiss, the latter being a popular choice anyway. So consider this one a sort of slight Teutons split.
Campaigns
Dutch
Architecture - Central European
UT 1 - Tulip Mania - For a certain amount of time all units and techs will cost no gold but the gold cost will be double after the time ends
UT 2 - Fluyt - War galleons gain more damage
UU 1 - Ruiter - Fast attacking heavy cavalry
Swiss
Architecture - Central European
UT 1 - Vatican Guards - Monks can garrison building and units garrisoned in same building with monks gets healed faster
UT 2 - Swiss Mercenaries - Every time an ally pays 250 gold tribute to the player, the ally will get a Swiss Pikeman free in castle
UU - Swiss Pikeman - Unique Pikeman with great damage and range, doesnt have bonus against cavalary
Campaigns
Dutch - William of Orange - Leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that led to the Eighty Years War
Swiss - Bern - A Bari style campaign where the protagonist is a city, which explores its influence and legacy in the region and period, including conflicts with Habsburgs, Burgundians and other Swiss settlements
Vikings - Harald Hadrada - Legendary conqueror and king of the Vikings, who also had dealings with the Kievan Rus and Byzantines

8. ALLIES AND ENEMIES OF BYZANTIUM

Okay, now we're getting a little bit vague and barrell-scrapy here but it's cool. Basically the DLC focuses on civs that haver had dealings with the Byzantines before (who hasn't in this game?). The two new civs are the Khazars and the Vandals.
Khazars
Architecture - Central Asian
UT 1 - Jewish Nomads - Monks gain increased movement speed
UT 2 - Composite Bow - Cavalry Archers get +4 attack
UU - Arsiyah - Strong cav archer that has all the advantages of parthian tactics and more
Vandals
Architecture - Central European
UT 1 - German Levy - Suebi Warriors are created much faster
UT 2 - Plunder - Infantry units gains attack bonus against buildings and generate gold while attacking building
UU - Suebi Warrior - Cheaper version of Gothic Huskarls with more bonus damage against archers and less pierce armor
Campaigns
Khazars - Barjik - Prince who fought and died in the Arab-Khazar wars
Magyars - Stephen I - Founder of Kingdom of Hungary
Vandals - Gelimer and Tzazo - Brothers who were both kings of the Vandal Kingdom, defending Carthage against the Byzantines
Anyway, that's my roadmap done. Now, there could be room for more civs in Africa, Asia and America, so there could potentially be a part 2!

After going on abit of a binge learning about the Aztecs. I got really inspired to come up with a rough idea and pretty long idea for what i'd want to see out of such a game if it happened.
Many names have been thrown around in other discussions on this same idea, though the one that has stood out to me is "Sacrifice", as it's a nod to Aztec culture on a superficial level, but on a could relate to the story/themes on a deeper level.
Story and Setting:
The main story would be set during the Fall of the Aztec Empire and Spanish Conquests between 1518 and 1521 AD. Beginning shortly before the arrival of the Conquistadors and building up to the Fall of Tenochtitlan.
In the present day, the story follows a man named Javier, who is kidnapped by the Assassins, led by William Miles. Mirroring Desmond's situation in AC1, the Assassins try to cooperate with Javier and to plug him into the Animus to find out about one of his ancestors. Typical piece of eden hunt shinanigens that we've seen before.
In the animus, the storyline centers on Cuauhtli, Javier's distant ancestor, an Aztec Warrior and honorary member of the Spanish Assassins, who infiltrated the Conquistadors expedition to establish themselves in the New World before the Templars, who have also done the same. The two secret orders in a race to achieve their goals first, dragging many into their war in the process.
Much of the usual stuff would ensue; Assassinating Templars and their collaborators, recruiting allies and hunting for Isu artifacts. Along with navigating the political landscape of the Aztec Empire in its final years, meeting historical figures such as Moctezuma II and Hernan Cortes.
In terms of tone, I imagine the game to be pretty dark and brutal at times, fitting with the setting and culture rather than supercoating it. I'd also want to give a sense of impending doom, as it's set during the fall of the Aztecs Empire. I also don't imagine it to have a happy ending. Bittersweet at best.
World:
I wouldn't want to water down the setting to just Aztecs vs Spanish, but be a little more nuanced, with various groups all with their own agenda and good/bad characters on all sides reflecting their best/worst traits.

• The Aztecs want to protect their homeland of course, but also to maintain their own regional supremacy. They were kinda like The Romans, not an oppressed tribe, but a powerful, expansionist empire, that were massive dicks to everyone.
• The Tlaxcalans are a small confederacy and old enemy of the Aztecs that have sided with the Spanish, eager to get revenge. However there is an underlying sense of uncertainty and caution surrounding their newfound allies' true motivations.
• The Conquistadors are out to claim land/wealth for Spain. Despite their presence, historically there were only a few thousand at most, so they wouldn't be very common in game. Acting more as puppet masters rather than the typical depiction of vast armies of steel-clad Spaniards.

Characters:
The main protagonist is an eagle warrior turned assassin named Cuauhtli; the first american to join the assassin-templar conflict. He is strong and imposing like Connor, but more lighthearted and abit of a bigoted prick at times. His abrasive and violent nature contrasting with his descendants (Javier's) more timid personality.
The main cast would be a colorful mix of Spanish and Italian assassins, along with many like-minded allies from across mesoamerica, such as Aztecs, Purepechas, Mayans and Tlaxcaltecs. All of them are largely conflicted on their beliefs and culture, but are unified by their common goal.
For the antagonists, likewise they are comprised of Spanish Templars and Native Caciques newly inducted into their order. I also like the idea of there being four major antagonists of the story, who represent the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
I wouldn't have Hernan Cortes be the main antagonist despite it being tempting. I'd compare his role to Richard I in AC1, where he is fairly neutral to the assassin-templar conflict and more of an important background character. He also survived IRL, so assassinating him would be inaccurate.
Gameplay:
I imagine the gameplay side of things to basically be like Mirage, or at least how it seems Mirage will play; Like Valhalla/Origins with the RPG elements scaled back or outright removed, along with the return of more old features like social stealth.
I'd really make the combat more fast paced, with Cuauhtli being a ferocious damage dealing machine, but not being very tanky himself, but can certainly take down a lot of enemies before needing to flee combat situations, essentially a glass cannon.
As a spiritual successor to the killstreaks of the older games, I'd incorporate something like an adrenaline gauge, which fills up by not getting hit and performing finishers in combat, increasing damage and speed, making it a little less OP and Monkey brained.
I'd also include a system similar to the Assassin apprentices from AC Brotherhood-3 and the 'Guns for Hire' system from Far Cry, where various individuals befriended with over the course of the game can be summoned to help during missions, such as Warriors and SpeaBowmen for helping in combat and Assassins/Merchant spies for helping in stealth missions.
Weapons
My idea is that main weapons have a durability level, requiring them to be repaired or replaced every so often. For melee, there would be two weapon slots, each for a specific purpose.

• Slot 1 is for Bladed weapons made from Obsidian, they are high damage, for mincing unarmored enemies with bleed and critical damage. This would include the Macuahuitl for example.
• Slot 2 uses Blunt Weapons, made from Stone or Bronze, they are shorter range and made for staggering/fighting armored enemies resistant to bladed weapons, e.g tomahawks and maces.

The main go-to ranged weapon would be the Atlatl, i.e a small spear thrower instead of a Bow. Other ranged weapons would be the Blowgun, Sling and the Rope Dart.
Exploration:
The game would feature 3 main maps, similar to AC1's Damascus, Acre and Jerusalem. The Main/largest map would be the Valley of Mexico, with the city of Tenochtitlan as it's centre, providing a massive city to explore and some surrounding towns and wilderness. Due to a lack of horses, most major transport would be done via Canoe.
The two other maps would be smaller but still provide their own unique qualities and aesthetic. One would be the City of Tlaxcala, while the other would be the fledgling coastal spanish colony of Veracruz.
Two other potential locations would be the Yucatan Peninsula, exploring mayan ruins and jungles, and the Purepecha capital of Tzintzuntzan, another large city to explore.
Anyways, this is just my rough idea, I could probably keep going into more detail but this is already very long as it is, but nevertheless. I'd be curious to see what everyone else thinks, what your ideas/thoughts are etc.

With the announcement of a new DLC I thought about which civilizations can still be added to the game. Here are some civilizations that I think could be added to aoe2.

• Tanguts (Western Xia)
• Tibetan (Tufan Kingdoms)
• Thai/Siam
• Jurchens (Liao/Jin dynasties)
• Champa
• Nubia/Sudan
• Somalia
• Kongo
• Yoruba
• Zimbabwe
• Huasa
• Tarascans/Purepecha
• Mixtec
• Zapotec
• Chimor
• Muisca
• Armenians
• Georgians
• Alans
• Khazars
• Vlachs
• South Slavic civilization (I can't think of a good name for this civilization)

Are you curious to learn more about the various kinds of women's footwear? In addition, what are the designs, names, and latest fashions of women's shoes? Don't look any further!
In this blog, I'll take readers through the various types of shoes for women. We've got you covered from sneakers, ankle boots, and ballerina flats. We'll also cover less-known styles like Huarache sandals and flat shoes!
Learn about the different kinds of footwear and their history. Find out the names of each women's shoes and the special types.
Lace-Up Sneakers
Lace-up shoes are timeless shoes and are among the most frequently-used footwear you'll find in stores as well as on the feet of women. The shoe's name says it all; they feature shoelaces that ensure that your shoes remain on your feet.
Sneakers, often referred to as trainers or kicks, were first introduced in 1870. They were also known as plimsolls. They were inspired by the novel "The Plimsoll Sensation."
Run Shoes
True to their title, Classic running shoes are ideal for professional runners or not. Their cushioning technology ensures your feet are comfortable, whether running a long mile or going to the grocery store.
The most attractive aspect of this design for women's shoes is that they're lightweight! It's as if you're wearing a different style.
Slide Sandals
Also known as slides, this type of footwear epitomizes casual wear. The fashion of women's shoes is "backless" and open-toed.
There may be a range of straps or just one. Slide sandals have been in use for a long time, and in the beginning, Romans were proud to wear their sandals' toes.
Gladiator Sandals
AKA Greek shoes were created to wear in the days of Ancient Roman soldiers and gladiators. They were initially flat sandals with several straps worn on the feet, ankles, and sometimes over the calves.
They are made of the leather of the deer and cattle. These sandals showed the leathers from the gladiator's lands.
They are currently the most sought-after women's shoes with a wide range of styles. They're a summer essential and are essential to boho chic style. They are typically found in the sun-soaked grounds of festivals like the Coachella as well as the Burning Man festivals.
Flip-Flops
The summer isn't complete without flip-flops! They're (usually) shoes that are flat supported by the Thong shaped like a Y. Thong, sometimes called "thong sandals," another style that was influenced by early times.
An interesting fact about flip-flops: Did you know that flip-flops were thought to be the earliest type of footwear? Sure, Ancient Egyptians used them before the year 4000 BC!
Huarache Sandals
Huarache shoes are made of woven leather sandals that have roots in pre-Columbian Mexico. The name derives from the Purepecha term 'kwarachi.' In English, it is a direct reference to sandals.'
As with most sandals listed on this list, the demand for Huaraches started in the 60s. Huaraches were thought to be the epitomize of the laidback hippie style.
Slip-on Sneakers
If knotting shoelaces is an effort for your busy schedule, then another timeless shoes is the slip-on women's sneakers; they are perfect for those having trouble knotting shoelaces. They're low-profile and laceless, which makes them easy to put on and slip off effortlessly, thanks to the elastics stitched to the sides.
The design of women's shoes can be traced back to 1847 when the original slip-on (or loafers) were invented. In the years since, the fashion has evolved into various types, including pointed and cap-toe slip-on.

So, I've been thinking...
I proposed 2 expansions so far, one expanding the Sinosphere to include Jurchen and Tanguts, and one to add civilizations in Africa, namely the Somali, the Swahili, and the Kongolese.
To the best of my ability, I will try to not use bonuses which overlap with my previous Expansion Ideas.
This time, I think it would be quite cool if we went and finished the Americas. To that end, I believe 3 more civs can be added into the area. The Purepechas, or the Tarascan in the central parts of America, famed for their metalworking, in order to round up the meso civs to 3.
The remaining two civilizations would be based around the Chimor and the Muisca. They, along the Inca would get a new architectural style called Andean, for lack of a better word, and would also round up the Andean civs to 3. To further differentiate the region from the Meso Civs, the new civs get Slingers as a secondary regional unit.
Anyway, starting with the Purepechas, they were pretty renowned for their metalworking, craftsmaniship and succesfully managed to prevent the Aztecs from expanding into their own territories, due to a strong implementation of border fortifications. The Purepechas were natural enemies of the Aztecs, and it quite actually baffles me how they were not considered for the original conquerors expansion. But hopefully, better late than never...
The Purepechas would be mainly a defensive civilization, with some infantry aspects mixed in.
Purepechas - Defensive Civilization

• Towers +10% hp in Dark/Feudal Age, +25% in Castle Age and +40% in Imperial Age
• Blacksmith armor upgrades are merged (basically, u have a generic armor upgrade which gives both infantry and archers armor)
• Eagle Warrior upgrades are 50% cheaper and research 50% faster
• Gilnets free

Unique Units:

• Tepoztli: Axeman unit which has a chance to deal double damage on hit
  
• Imperial Eagle Warriors: Upgrade to the Elite Eagle Warrior
  

Unique Techs:

• Border Fortifications - 300f 300w: Castles, Town Centers +1000 HP
  
• Copper Arms - 800f 800g - Skirmishers +4 attack
  

Team Bonus: All buildings +1 LoS
Tech Tree:

Archery Range	Barracks	Stable	Siege and Blacksmith	Dock	University and Castle	Economy	Monastery
Arbalest ✔️	Champions ✔️	Hussar ❌	Siege Ram ✔️	Galleon ✔️	Architecture ✔️	Crop Rotation ✔️	Redemption ✔️
Skirmisher ✔️	Pikemen ✔️	Cavalier ❌	Siege Onager ✔️	Fast Fire Ship ✔️	Heated Shot ✔️	Two Man Saw ❌	Atonement ✔️
Cavalry Archer ❌	Imperial Eagle Warriors ✔️	Camels ❌	Heavy Scorpion ✔️	Demo Ship ✔️	Treadmill Crane ✔️	Gold Shaft Mining ❌	Herbal Medicine ✔️
Hand Cannons ❌	Supplies ✔️	Battle Elephants ❌	Bombard Cannon ❌	Cannon Galleon ❌	Fortified Wall ✔️	Stone Shaft Mining ✔️	Heresy ✔️
Thumb Ring ❌	Squires ✔️	Steppe Lancers ❌	Siege Engineers ❌	Elite Cannon Galleon ❌	Keep ✔️	Guilds ✔️	Fervor ✔️
Parthian Tactics ❌	Arson ✔️	Bloodlines ❌	Blast Furnace ✔️	Dry Dock ✔️	Bombard Tower ❌	Wheelbarrow ✔️	Sanctity ❌
-	-	Husbandry ❌	Plate Mail Armor ✔️	Shipwright ❌	Arrowslits ✔️	Hand Cart ✔️	Faith ❌
-	-	-	Plate Barding Armor ❌	-	Hoardings ✔️	Gillnets ✔️	Illumination ✔️
-	-	-	Bracer ✔️	-	Sappers ✔️	-	Block Printing ✔️
-	-	-	Ring Archer Armor ✔️	-	Masonry ✔️	-	Theocracy ✔️

Stats for Tepoztli

-	Tepoztli	Elite Tepoztli
Cost	40f 25g
HP	55	60
Attack	7	10
Bonus Damage	+3 vs Eagles, +2 vs Buildings	+4 vs Eagles, +2 vs Buildings
Armor	0/1	1/1
Rate of Fire	2	2
Speed	0.9 tile	0.9 tile
Armor classes	Infantry, Unique Unit
Creation time	14 seconds	14 seconds
Special Ability	5% chance on attack to deal double base damage	10% chance on attack to deal double base damage
Elite Upgrade Cost	900f 700g

Stats for Imperial Eagles

-	Imperial Eagle Warrior
Cost	20f 50g
HP	70
Attack	11
Bonus Damage	+12 vs Monks, +6 vs Siege, + 4 vs Cavalry, +4 vs Camels, +2 vs Ship, +2 vs Fishing Ships
Armor	1/5
Rate of Fire	2
Speed	1.35 tile
Armor classes	Infantry, Eagles
Creation time	20 seconds
Upgrade Cost	1000f 700g - with discount

As for the campaign, it would focus around the legendary Purepecha king Tariácuri, who founded the Purepecha state and consolidated it into a regional power.
On to the Muisca. They were a pre-Colombian civilization, organized as a loose confederation, totaling roughly 1 to 3 million people before the Spanish arrival. Most of the knowledge we have about the Muisca we gained from the Conquistadors who arrived during the early 16th century. They often fought with neighboring tribes (Panche, Carib, Sutagao) for mainly resource control (mainly salt lakes). It is believed they had some knowledge of metalworking. The Muisca would be best characterized as a Infantry and Naval civ.
Muisca - Infantry and Naval Civilization

• Fishing Ships generate gold.
• Barracks -75w
• Eagle Warriors move 5/10/15% faster in Feudal/Castle/Imperial Age

Unique Units:

• Blowgunner - Ranged unit which poisons enemies with every attack.
  
• War Canoe - Cheap warship which occupies 0.5 population slot.
  

Unique Techs:

• Gueches - 450f 300g: Eagle Warriors and Slingers attack 33% faster.
  
• El Dorado (Mayans tech is renamed to Ajaw) - 800g 800w: Spawns 2 Relics at the researching castle. The spanwed relics do not count towards standard victory conditions.
  

Team Bonus: War Canoe and Elite War Canoe available at Docks
Tech Tree

Archery Range	Barracks	Stable	Siege and Blacksmith	Dock	University and Castle	Economy	Monastery
Crossbowman ✔️	Champion ✔️	Hussar ❌	Capped Ram ✔️	Galleon ✔️	Architecture ❌	Crop Rotation ✔️	Redemption ❌
Elite Skirmisher ✔️	Halberdier ✔️	Cavalier ❌	Onager ✔️	Fire Ship ✔️	Heated Shot ✔️	Two Man Saw ✔️	Atonement ✔️
Slinger ✔️	Elite Eagle Warriors ✔️	Camels ❌	Heavy Scorpion ✔️	Heavy Demo Ship ✔️	Treadmill Crane ✔️	Gold Shaft Mining ✔️	Herbal Medicine ✔️
Hand Cannons ❌	Supplies ✔️	Battle Elephants ❌	Bombard Cannon ❌	Cannon Galleon ❌	Fortified Wall ❌	Stone Shaft Mining ❌	Heresy ❌
Thumb Ring ✔️	Squires ❌	Steppe Lancers ❌	Siege Engineers ✔️	Elite Cannon Galleon ❌	Guard Tower✔️	Guilds ❌	Fervor ❌
Parthian Tactics ❌	Arson ✔️	Bloodlines ❌	Blast Furnace ✔️	Dry Dock ❌	Bombard Tower ❌	Wheelbarrow ✔️	Sanctity ✔️
-	-	Husbandry ❌	Plate Mail Armor ✔️	Shipwright ✔️	Arrowslits ❌	Hand Cart ✔️	Faith ✔️
-	-	-	Plate Barding Armor ❌	-	Hoardings ✔️	Gillnets ✔️	Illumination ✔️
-	-	-	Bracer ✔️	-	Sappers ✔️	-	Block Printing ❌
-	-	-	Ring Archer Armor ✔️	-	Masonry ❌	-	Theocracy ✔️

Stats for Blowgunners

-	Blowgunners	Elite Blowgunners
Cost	35w 35g
HP	35	40
Attack	4	5
Range	4	5
Bonus Damage	+1 vs Infantry	+1 vs Infantry, +1 vs Cavalry
Armor	0/1	1/1
Rate of Fire	2	2
Speed	1.05 tile	1.05 tile
Armor classes	Archer, Unique Unit
Creation time	17 seconds	13 seconds
Special Ability	Incurs poison, causing a degeneration effect of 30hp per minute	Incurs poison, causing a degeneration effect of 45 hp per minute
Elite Upgrade Cost	800w 800f

Monks healing removes the poison effect.
Stats for War Canoe

-	War Canoe	Elite War Canoe
Cost	60w 20g
HP	60	80
Attack	5	6
Range	5	6
Bonus Damage	+6 vs Ships/Fishing Ships, +3 vs Buildings, +1 vs Rams	+9 vs Ships/Fishing Ships, +4 vs Buildings, +1 vs Rams
Armor	0/5	0/6
Rate of Fire	2.8	2.8
Speed	1.5 tile	1.55 tile
Armor classes	Ship, Unique Unit
Creation time	40 seconds	40 seconds
Elite Upgrade Cost	400w 200g

War Canoe available in Feudal Age, Elite Upgrade in Castle Age
The campaign would be centered around Saguamanchica, who expanded the Southern Muiscans into the territories of their traditional enemies, the Panche, Carib and Sutagao. The aggressive expansion drew the northen Muiscans into conflict, eventually culminating in one of the bloodiest battles in pre colombian america, the battle of Battle of Chocontá, where both Saguamanchica and the hoa of northen Muisca, Michuá, both died in combat. The battle was won by the southern Muiscans.
Finally, the last civ would be the Chimor. I previously did a concept about the Chimor here, I shall be expanding on that concept, and hopefully a better civ would come out of it. A few words about the Chimor - they were the natural enemies of the Incas, so in that sense an inclusion would be more than welcome. It would also add some variety in Pachacuti's campaign 11. The Chimor were famed for their agriculture (they built insanely complex irrigation systems, a literal feat of engineering considering the harsh climate), fishing, craftsmanship (particularly gold) and their pottery. Compared to the Incas, who worshipped the Sun, the Chimor were moon worshippers, hence the inspiration for the unique unit.
Chimor - Archer Civ

• Advancing to the next age provides a free packed building per Town Center (any building except walls, towers, TCs, Castles)
• Archers, Skirmishers and Slingers +1/2/3 melee armour in Feudal/Castle/Imperial Age
• Farms can be placed in a 2x2 area
• Castles provide double population

Unique Unit: Moon Archer - Foot archer with high pierce armor, high attack but slow reloading speed.
Unique Techs:

• Ch'arki - 400f 200g: Town Centers generate a small trickle of food
  
• Tumbanga - 800f 600g: Eagle Warriors' gold cost replaced by food
  

Team Bonus: Fishing Ships +2 LoS
Tech Tree

Archery Range	Barracks	Stable	Siege and Blacksmith	Dock	University and Castle	Economy	Monastery
Arbalest ✔️	Two Handed Swordsman ✔️	Hussar ❌	Siege Ram ✔️	Galleon ✔️	Architecture ✔️	Crop Rotation ✔️	Redemption ✔️
Elite Skirmisher ✔️	Halberdier ✔️	Cavalier ❌	Onager ✔️	Fast Fire Ship ✔️	Heated Shot ✔️	Two Man Saw ✔️	Atonement ✔️
Slinger ✔️	Eagle Warriors ✔️	Camels ❌	Scorpion ✔️	Heavy Demo Ship ✔️	Treadmill Crane ❌	Gold Shaft Mining ❌	Herbal Medicine ✔️
Hand Cannons ❌	Supplies ❌	Battle Elephants ❌	Bombard Cannon ❌	Cannon Galleon ❌	Fortified Wall ✔️	Stone Shaft Mining ✔️	Heresy ✔️
Thumb Ring ✔️	Squires ✔️	Steppe Lancers ❌	Siege Engineers ❌	Elite Cannon Galleon ❌	Guard Tower✔️	Guilds ✔️	Fervor ✔️
Parthian Tactics ❌	Arson ✔️	Bloodlines ❌	Blast Furnace ✔️	Dry Dock ✔️	Bombard Tower ❌	Wheelbarrow ✔️	Sanctity ✔️
-	-	Husbandry ❌	Plate Mail Armor ❌	Shipwright ✔️	Arrowslits ✔️	Hand Cart ✔️	Faith ✔️
-	-	-	Plate Barding Armor ❌	-	Hoardings ❌	Gillnets ✔️	Illumination ✔️
-	-	-	Bracer ✔️	-	Sappers ✔️	-	Block Printing ✔️
-	-	-	Ring Archer Armor ✔️	-	Masonry ✔️	-	Theocracy ✔️

Stats for the Moon Archer

-	Moon Archer	Elite Moon Archer
Cost	60w 45g
HP	45	60
Attack	8	10
Range	5	6
Armor	4/0	7/0
Rate of Fire	4.8	4.5
Speed	0.85 tile	0.85 tile
Armor classes	Archer, Unique Unit
Creation time	20 seconds	15 seconds
Elite Upgrade Cost	1000w 800g

As for the campaign, I will just copy-paste what u/CastleCorbin posted on the thread i linked above as it seems quite cool:

Personally, I think a campaign following several rulers throughout the history of the Chimu ala Hautevilles would be the best bet: the first scenario could feature the legendary founder Taycanamo arriving at the Moche Valley by sea and founding Chan Chan, the second scenario could portray the consolidation of the Moche-Chicama-Virú Valleys under Guacri Caur, the third scenario being dedicated to Nancempinco's expansion to Jequetepeque to the north and Santa to the south, a fourth scenario showing the Chimu conquest of the Sican culture further north, and the final scenario with Minchancaman fighting back the Incas in the last days of the empire as a mirror to the final Pachacuti scenario.

I think this idea is cool but I'm looking for feedback. Thoughts?

I think there should be an expansion on Mesoamerica, there are several empires and kingdoms in Mesoamerica, with writing, laws and more. One I would like to have in the game would be Purepechas. Here are reddit texts about it (from u/jabberwockxeno):
https://www.reddit.com/AskHistory/comments/c7gu1l/i_want_people_to_dump_interesting_information/esh1756/[/URL]
Most people are aware that the Mesoamericans, such as the Aztec, Maya, etc built big pyramids, were good at mathematics and calendars... that's pretty much it.
What if I also told you that their cities rivaled what you saw in Ancient Greece and even contemporary 16th century europe, with populations in the tens to even hundreds of thousands, with sewage systems, plumbing, pressurized fountains, and toilets, and even some build on lakes out of artificial islands, with grids of canals and gardens throughout? Or how their sanitation and medical practices were some of the most advanced in the world, with buildings and streets washed daily, people bathing multiple times a week; strict grooming and hygine standards, state ran hosptials, and empirically based medicaltreatements and taxonomic categorizational systems for herbs, flowers, and other plant life? That they had formal, bureaucratic governments with courts and legal systems?
It one of only 3 places in the world where writing was independently invented: Not just with simple pictographic scripts, either: the infamous Maya hieroglyphs are actually a full, true written language, with many other Mesoamerican scripts having varying degrees of phonetic elements as well.. They had books, too, made of paper made from tree bark
The Maya, in addition to keeping books, would meticulously catalog the political history and lives of their rulers into stone stela: To this day we have detailed family trees, and records of who did what on what day, records of wars, political marriages, and the like thank to those. For the Aztec, in addition to professional philosophers, called tlamatini, who would often teach at schools for the children of nobility (though even commoners attended schools, too in what was possible the world's first state-ran education system), for example, we have remaining works of poetry, as this excerpt from 1491, New Revelations of the Americas From Before Columbus, shows
I cannot recommend reading that entire excerpt enough, but I will post a short excerpt to entice people to:
"Truly do we live on Earth?" asked a poem... attributed to Nezahualcóyotl (1402–72), a founding figure in Mesoamerican thought and the tlatoani of Texcoco... His lyric, among the most famous in the Nahuatl canon, answers its own question:
Not forever on earth; only a little while here. Be it jade, it shatters. Be it gold, it breaks. Be it a quetzal feather, it tears apart Not forever on earth; only a little while here
....
....thinkers in many cultures have drawn solace from the prospect of life after death.... "Do flowers go to the region of the dead?" Nezahualcóyotl asked. "In the Beyond, are we still dead or do we live?" Many if not most tlamatinime saw existence as Nabokov feared: "a brief crack of light between two eternities of darkness."
....
....one exit from this philosophical blind alley was seen by the fifteenth-century poet Ayocuan Cuetzpaltzin, who described it metaphorically... by invoking the coyolli bird, known for its bell-like song:
He goes his way singing, offering flowers. And his words rain down Like jade and quetzal plumes. Is this what pleases the Giver of Life? Is that the only truth on earth?
...the Nahuatl context..."Flowers and song" was a.... double epithet for poetry... "jade and quetzal feathers" was a synecdoche for great value, in the way that Europeans might refer to "gold and silver." The song of the bird, spontaneously produced, stands for aesthetic inspiration. Ayocuan was suggesting, León-Portilla said, that there is a time when humankind can touch the enduring truths that underlie our fleeting lives. That time is at the moment of artistic creation
Other good writups on Aztec ethical philosophy is here and here, and I talk about their metaphysical philsophy here
Nezahualcóyotl, mentioned above, is also famous for being an engineer, he designed Tenochtitlan (the Aztec captial)'s aqueduct (a few miles long and with two pipes and a switching mechanism, so one pipe could transfer water while the other was cleaned out); the dike that controlled water flow across the lake both cities and many others were built on or around, separating it into a brackish and fresh water sides; as well as the watering systems of the gardens and baths used by Texcoco's royalty at Texcotzinco, where water was transported from a mountain range 5 miles away, the aquaduct at some point raising 150ft off the ground, onto a hill, where the water flowed into a series of channels and pools to control it's flow, before crossing over another aquaduct over a huge gorge, around a second hill forming a circuit around it's peak, filled the baths and a series of shrines and aeshetic displays with fountains, frescos, relifs, etc, and dropped water off via artificial waterfalls around key points of the gardens below, which had different sections designed to emulate different Mexican biomes and their specific native flora.
Another figure is Tlahuicole a warrior from the republic of Tlaxcala, who, due to being such a badass, was the sole person ever offered his freedom by the Aztecs instead of being sacrificed, but he refused, before Montezuma II eventually convinced him to lead one of his armies against the Purepecha empire to the west, which he accepted, hoping to die in battle, except he kicked their asses, returned back tto Montezuma, insisted be sacrificed again,which involved him being drugged, tied to a stone, and forced to fight elite warriors,with him armed only with a mock weapon, and he STILL managed to take out 8 of them
Or the Mixtec Warlord 8-deer, as this post by snickeringshadow explains, which I will post an excerpt of:
He was born in 1063 AD to the son of the high priest of a town called Tilantogo. He made a name for himself fighting as a general for the lord of a town called Jaltepec. At 20, he managed to convince one of the oracles to allow him to invade the lands of the Chatino people on the Pacific coast and found a new town there, Tututepec (which later grew into a massive city-state that successfully resisted the Aztec Empire). While he was away, the lord of his home town of Tilantongo died with no heirs, and Eight-Deer inherited the throne
When he got back to Tilantongo, he made an alliance with a group called the Toltecs, who bestowed on him a noble title. Now that he had an outside source of legitimacy, he felt that he didn't need to play by the oracles' rules anymore and went on a warpath. He conquers a huge swath of the Mixtec region. He even invades his wife's home town and kills every single member of his wife's family except an infant named 4-Wind. In a classic ironic twist, the little boy he let live grows up to an adult and ends up assassinating his uncle Eight-Deer. After his death, his empire in the highlands crumbles and the Mixtecs go back to the same warring dynastic feuds they'd been fighting for centuries.
So, why don't we teach about Mesoameriican literature and key historical figures like we do the greeks?
Of the thousands of written works over nearly 2000 years, less then 20 are left. The Spanish burned them all. In terms of paintings, jewelry, sculpture, and crafted art, it was all almost destroyed or melted down, too.
As snickeringshadow put in a higher level post to what I linked before
From the eight surviving Mixtec codices, we can reconstruct the history of this one valley in Oaxaca going back 800 years...had the other books survived, we would have something approaching a complete history....going back to the Early Postclassic, and in some regions probably earlier. Put simply, the Spanish book burning is why we talk about Mesoamerica in archaeology classes and not history classes
or as Ahhuatl puts in this what if post, if their works survived:
...their successors would look to the Aztecs just like modern Westerners... to.... Greece. For Europe.... the abilities of the Native American mind could not be denied or rationalized away. It would have meant the injection of new arts, philosophy, mathematics, methods of agriculture, values, history, drama and more. What we lost in the Conquest is unimaginable. Inconceivable. Akin to knowing nothing about Caesar or Confucius or Rameses beyond what color bowl they ate out of
If you look at modern games, movies, anime, comics, and see the massive influence and cultural mixing between the West and the East, with the amount of products and media influenced by japan etc that's what we lost out on: An entire third pillar of human history and culture, gone
We even have a taste of what this could have been: In the early colonial era, we have the Spanish commission native featherworkers to produce amazing paintings, made not of paint, but of thousands of feathers, so finely weaved together that you can't even tell they aren't normal paintings without a magnifying lense (or a gigapixel photograph)
That being said, While virtually all but a few examples of pre-contact writing books survive, thankfully much of the Maya's stone inscriptions do, so there's a ton of detailed information on the political histories of certain Maya cities: The births and deaths of rulers, wars, alliances, political marriages, etc, albiet in a sort of barbones, dry "On X date Y happened" format, usually
Also, there are outright hundreds of manuscripts and documents in both Spanish and Nahuatl (the Aztec language) by Spanish Friars and Aztec nobles detailing their society and history in depth from the early colonial period: For example, Duran's History of the Indies of New Spain has hundreds of pages of detailed Aztec history (albeit obviously romanticized and propagandized to a degree, like most ancient historical records) down to specific statements by specific political official's; while Sahagun's similarly titled A General History of the Things of New Spain is 2000 pages of detailed information on history, society, religion, cultural norms, etc; down to the specific processes used to make metal jewelry, figures of speech and metaphors, medical treatments, etc. There's outright enough information that there have been entire books written solely about specific Aztec politicians, such as *Tlacaelel Remembered: Mastermind of the Aztec Empire * and The Allure of Nezahualcoyotl: Pre-Hispanic History, Religion, and Nahua Poetics
The quote I gave last comment by Ahhuatl also outlines how we have a notable 8 surviving Mixtec books, which document the political history of many Mixtec cities in the same way Maya inscriptions did. Other civilizations such as the Zapotec, Purepecha, Totonac, Otomi, etc do not fare as well, and we have mostly archaeological data to go off of, with only a few colional era sources detailing their history and culture if at all, but archaeology alone can tell you more then you might think
So there's more then enough info that we really should and could be teaching people about it all in schools more then we do. This post and it's responses, particularly by 400-rabbits, goes into this more.
Schools and educators could do way, way more to be teaching people about the history and culture of these civilizations: The fact that we do only teach people here in the US about the Aztec, Maya, and Olmec (The Inca are from an entirely seperate region, with their own dozens of civilizations) and not much about them other then "Big Heads, Pyramids, Calenders, and Human sacrifice" and the Spanish Conquest is a travesty. And lessons on the Conquest itself is taught poorly: People are taught it ended in 1521 with the fall of the Aztec capital or that a bunch of other city-states allied with the Spanish due to Aztec oppression, but in reality there were hundreds of other non Aztec-affiliated city-states and empires in the region, and a few former Aztec ones, that did not cede to Spanish authority: It took decades of hard fighting, with most of it being done by native armies and soldiers for most of the region to be pacified, even as it was being crippled by diseases, and most of the city-states that allied with Cortes did so out of geopolitical opportunism rather then any sort of hatred for the Aztec; and in general, people are taught that the Spanish Conquest was some unavoidable thing, when it was very possible for it to have not succeeded
So, For more information:
I have a list of around 100 askhistorian posts about Mesoamerican history here, which can be a great starting point
I also have a personal booklist, but as it's unorganized, and some are just stuff I thought seemed cool rather then recommendations from knowledgeable people but that's here. Worth noting that there's also some stuff on the Andes in both pastebins, not just Mesoamerica; and that the booklist is primarily focused on modern works about Mesoamerican history: Primary and secondary sources, such as actual native texts, accounts from conquistadors/friars, are excluded, such as:

• Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl's works
• Bernardino de Sahagún's Florentine Codex
• Diego Duran's History of the Indies of New Spain
• Fernando Alvarado Tezozómoc's Crónica Mexicayotl
• Diego Muñoz Camargo's History of Tlaxcala
• Chimalpahin/Chimalpain Cuauhtlehuanitzin/Quauhtlehuanitzin's works, such as the Codex Chimalpahin
• Juan Bautista Pomar's Relación de Texcoco, Relación de Juan Bautista Pomar, and Romances de los señores de Nueva España
• The Cantares Mexicanos
• Cortes's letters
• Bernal Diaz del Castillo's The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
• An Anonymous Conquistador's Narrative of Some Things of New Spain

I exclude these from the booklist since 1. many of these don't have english translations, and 2. you really need some sort of accompanying work from modern authors that point out their issues, since while they are invaluable there are bias issues; and for many I don't know what a good set of annotations are/what's the best translations, and for the ones I do, I haven't sat down and made a list yet, will update this comment when I do.
Also, Askhistorians has a booklist here: https://www.reddit.com/AskHistorians/wiki/books/americas/latinamerica#wiki_pre-columbian
FAMSI is also a fantastic resource, though it might be a bit hard to parse for newcomers. Mexicolore is easily digestable and has a lot of good, neat info, but there's some errors mixed in there since whle it has a lot of articles written by experts, the site's owners themselves aren't historians, so as with FAMSI it might be better to read the askhistorians links first so you can have a foundation to know what seems suspect or not.
In terms of art rather then information, such as artistic recreations:

• Angus Mcbride
• H. Tom Hall
• Louis S. Glanzman
• Scott and Stuart Gentling
• Tomas J. Filsinger
• Kamazotz/Zotzcomic on twittedeviantart/facebook
• OHS688 on Twitter (Note: incluides furry content at times)
• Rafael Mena on Artstation/Deviantart
• Nosuku-K on Deivantart and pixiv (Note: are chibi styled, but are generally accurate despite that)
• Paul Guinan's Aztec Empire comic

I have a lot of art from all of these sources saved, and many, such as the Gentlings, can be hard to find, but I'm happy to share what I got if somebody PM's me. There's a bunch more artists, too, but i'm hitting the character limit.
Also, for specific reddit users, check out any and all posts made by 400-rabbits, Mictlantecuhtl, Ucumu, who are all experts. I'm not an expert, but I also frequently make comments about Mesoamerican history. I've linked to a lot of the good ones i';ve made over the course of this, and I don't have time to figure out which ones I didn't link to here yet (I know this post talking about how "Aztec" can mean different things, this 25,000 character writeup talking about Aztec warfare, this writup on the diversity of Mesoamerican weapons, or this comment about why they seemingly didn't use wheels for transportation or metal arms/armor; or this comment on the city of teotihuacan; this comment on Mesoamerican urban design norms, or this regarding buildings/their paint) but I might go back and edit this comment/this whole series with more stuff/that sort of thing.
Lastly, Kings & Generals and Invicta on youtube have some great videos on the Aztec and Maya, easily the best on youtube; and there's the underrated and underviewed Aztlan Historian who focuses on Mesoamerican history.
And finally, for you voyagoer , I'll end this with this summary of Mesoamerican history, Use this image to give some geographic context to the cities mentioned, and know that the Preclassic Period covers roughly 1400BC to 100AD, the Classic 200AD to 800AD, and Postclassic 900AD to 1521AD, arguably 1697, when the last Maya city-state falls to the Spanish
The Preclassic Period
In 1400 BC, around the Gulf Coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the Olmec site of San Lorezno becomes the region's first urban center in 1400 BC, and becomes abandoned by 900 BC, where the more properly urban and socially complex city of La Venta rises to prominence, which is also when our sole example of Olmec writing dates back to. In the following centuries, urban, state societies continue to pop up, notable ones being the early Maya cities such as El Mirador and Kaminaljuyu; the Zapotec city of Monte Alban in Oaxaca, and the rise of the Epi-Olmec culture out of the ashes of the Olmec; and all 3 develop writing; with many other independent towns and some cities popping up all over. In Western Mexico, during the same period as the Olmec the Capacha are a culture that developed independently from them, with far reaching examples of pottery and likely trade, but we don't know much about them or Western Mexican cultures in general
The Early Classic Period
By around 0-200AD, urban cities with state governments and writing (for the elite, anyways) had become the norm in Mesoamerica, marking the transition to the Classical Period. The Maya are at their height here, with many dozens of large, notable city-states & kingdoms, and thousands of smaller towns all over the Yucatan. Down in Oaxcaca, The Zapotec too have formed many city-states, with Monte Alban in particular rising as the most politically powerful. In Central Mexico, in the Valley of Mexico (in what's now Mexico City, I go into more detail about the area's history here ) a volcanic eruption displaces much of the population, including the city of Cuicuilco, the most powerful city in the area. These displaced people immigrate into the city of Teotihuacan, which grows into a huge influential political and religious center, and with a population of up to 150,000, and eclipsing Rome in physical area, while also having a sewage system and housing even their commoners in lavish palace complexes; and is one of the largest cities in the world at the time (El Mirador was as well). Teotihuacan's influence reaches far across the region, establishing many far reaching architectural, artistic, and religious trends, such as the Talud-tablero archtectural style for pyramids, perhaps even conquering and installing rulers in Maya cities 1000 kilometers away. In western mexico, around the end of the preclassic and start of the classic, the Teuchitlan tradition, the first of Western Mexico's complex societies, emerges (maybe, again, Western Mexico's cultures are very understudied), though less so then the rest of the region
The Late Classic Period
In the latter half of the classic period, you see the rise of El Tajin as a notable influential center among the cities around the Gulf Coast in what's now Central State of Veracruz (the cities/culture there now referred to as the "Classic Veracruz") and Cholula as a notable city in Central Mexico; Monte Alban begins to fall in esteem, with the Zapotec city of Mitla becoming the most prominent city in Oaxaca instead. Teotihuacan begins to decline as well, and in the Yucatan, the cities of Tikal and Calakmul become essentially two super-power city-states among the Maya, centralizing Maya geopolitics around them. Eventually Tikal and it's allies are able to put down Calakmul, shortly thereafter, you have the classical Maya collapse, where due to a combination of political instability following this massive war, climate issues, and other factors, nearly all of the large powerful Maya urban centers in the southern Yucatan decline between 700 and 800 AD, with many other key centers around Mesoamerica also doing so. Throughout the Late Classic and Early-Postclassic, West Mexico develops many different city-states with increasing influence from the rest of Mesoamerica
The Early Post-Classic Period
Moving into the Early-postclassic, yet many other cities still thrive and survive, such as El Tajin and Cholula, as do Maya city-states in the Northern Yucatan, such as Chichen Itza and Uxmal. You begin to see the Mixtec in the Oaxaca and Guerrero regions begin to overtake the Zapotec in prominence, in particular a warlord by the name of 8-Deer-Jaguar-Claw conquered and unified nearly the entire southern Oaxaca/Guerrero region into an empire. 8-deer had the blessings and support of the Toltec in Central Mexico (namely the Lord of Cholula), which were apparently, like Teotihuacan before them, a massively influential and far reaching power in the region, maybe operating out of the city of Tula, though most of our accounts of Toltec history and key rulers (such as Ce Acatl Topiltzin) are from Aztec accounts and are heavily mythologized. As a result, it's hard to separate history from myth (or from Aztec and latter Spanish attempts to twist Toltec accounts to justify their rule). Around 1100 AD, the Toltecs fall, and 8-deer is overthrown and killed in an ironic twist of fate where the one member of his enemies family who he left alive rallied a bunch of subject cities against him; though Tututepec, a city he founded, would grow into a major state of it's own.
The Late Post-Classic Period
In the 1200's, The Maya city of Mayapan comes closest to forming a unified Maya state, forming a political alliance of many of the city-states in the northern Yucatan. Due to droughts in northern mexico, you begin to see some groups of Chichimeca (nomadic tribes of Northern Mexico), the Nahuas, move further south into Central and Southern Mexico, and transition into urban societies. Notably many settling around the Valley of Mexico and the surrounding areas, led by the legendary King Xototl, displacing local Otomi cities/towns. In particular, the city of Azcapotzalco, which claims heredity from Xolotl, eventually dominates the valley. During the same time as all this in western Mexico, a Nahua group moved down into the Lake Pátzcuaro region, and takes over and becomes the ruling class of Purepecha city of of Pátzcuaro, which conquers many other cities in the area
In the 1420's, due to a succession crisis in Azcapotzalco, one of it's two heirs assassinates the other, as well as the then king of Tenochtitlan, which was one of Azcapotzalco's vassal, tributary cities; as he also had had genealogical links to the Azcapotzalco royal line and also represented a succession threat. War breaks out, and Tenochtitlan, along with the city-states of Texcoco, and Tlacopan join forces and overthrow them, forming the Aztec triple alliance ((This is a fantastic video on this succession conflict in particular, with hardly any errors (he used a statue of Coatlicue when talking about Huitzilptiochli; repeats the "80,000 sacrifices in 4 days" myth, but that's it ) ). Over the next 100 years, they rapidly expand and conquer almost all of Central and Southern Mexico, including Otomi cities/towns in Central Mexico, Totonac and Huastec ones along the Gulf Coast (who now inhabit that area), Mixtec, Zapotec, and Tlapanec ones in Oaxaca and Guerrero, and many others.
Back to Western Mexico, in the 1450's, Pátzcuaro is overthrown by the fellow Purepecha city of Tzintzuntzan, who rapidly expands to form the Purepecha/Tarascan empire, who would be the Aztec empire's only real competition and repel numerous invasions from them, preventing their expansion and conquest over the city-states and kingdoms further West such as Colmia and Jalisco; With the Aztec and Purepecha unable to make each other budge, the Aztec, as the Spanish arrive, are in the process of expanding to the east, and starting to make inroads at Maya towns, as well as trying to besiege and blockade Tlaxcala, a unified republic of 4 Nahua city-states (complete with senate) in an adjacent valley from the Valley of Mexico (alongside Cholula, Huextozinco, and some other cities/towns) who had been able to escape conquest due to their defensible position (other notable unconquered enclaves being the Mixtec kingdom of Tututepec, the Tlapenec kingdom of Yopitzinco, and the Otomi kingdom of Metztitlan.
This is the state of things when the Spanish arrive
Again, tho this is a really short summary. If you want to know more about specific wars, rulers, people's daily lives, etc; please check out the links i've been posting and the resources I provide
It is also worth noting that down in South America, there's an entirely separate cradle of civilizations in the Andes, to which the Inca belong to. I am far less informed on Andean civilizations, but they have their own long history: In addition to the Inca, you had the Moche and Chavin civilizations early on from 500BC-500AD, then the Wari and Tiwanku kingdoms over the next few centuries, the Sican civilization, and the Kingdom of Chimor during the early 2nd millenium AD which was the largest state in the region before the kingdom of Cusco conquered it and expanded as the Inca Empire, etc.

This is a follow up to my original post 3 months ago
Here is a link to the full vocabulary list as it stands

Masewali Simi - An Introduction

Masewali Simi is a passion project of mine that was born out of a love for my indigenous ancestry and inspired from real life creoles used in the Americas such as Chinook or Delaware Jargon. I have done extensive research, tearing through any articles I can find on cognates and loanwords between indigenous languages either via direct contact or indirectly via colonial languages such as Spanish. Originally I wanted no influence from colonial languages like Spanish, but its impact on the languages cannot be ignored, with words such as vaca (cow) being found in Cherokee waga, Nahuatl wakax, Quechua waka, and many many more. Even some grammatical words such as pero (but) are fairly widespread due to prolonged contact. With that, let's look at the source languages.

Lexifier Languages

• Quechua
• Guarani
• Nahuatl
• Aymara
• Mayan languages (K'iche', Mam, Yucatec, etc)
• Navajo
• Cree
• Cherokee
• Greenlandic
• Wayuu
• Ticuna
• Spanish, English, French, Portuguese

Languages such as Quechua, Guarani, Nahuatl, and the Mayan languages take precedence due to their speakers in the millions and their spheres of influence. The name Masewali Simi is derived from Nahuatl and Yucatec masewalli / masewáal (indigenous person, commoner) respectively, with simi (mouth, language) being from Quechua. Words from both North and South America, meaning indigenous language, the mouth of the people.
Just because a language is not part of the lexifier list does not mean it is not represented. For example, there is vocabulary from Lakota, Zapotec, Mixtec, Choctaw, Mohawk, Hopi, Garifuna, Amuesha, Inuktitut, Huichol, etc. They just have cognates and loans from or have loaned words themselves into the source languages.

Phonology

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	⟨m⟩ m	⟨n⟩ n
Stop	⟨p⟩ p	⟨t⟩ t		⟨k⟩ k	⟨'⟩ ʔ
Affricate		⟨z⟩ t͡s	⟨c⟩ t͡ʃ
Fricative		⟨s⟩ s	⟨x⟩ ʃ		⟨h⟩ h
Approximant		⟨l⟩ l	⟨y⟩ j	⟨w⟩ w
Rhotic		⟨r⟩ ɾ

Masewali Simi follows a one symbol one sound rule, with the following alphabet of:
a, c, e, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s t, u, w, x, y, z, '
Syllable Structure
C(j, w, l, r)VC
The only consonant clusters allowed are liquids and semi vowels. For example, a word such as maltyox (thank you, to thank), is acceptable, but something such as *knank is not.
The stress always falls on the second to last syllable.
ma-se-Wa-li
SI-mi

Syntax & Grammar

Masewali Simi lacks inflection, this is in contrast to the majority of Amerindian languages that are agglutinative but in line with the pidgins and creoles mentioned before. This is to make communication as simple as possible and booster recognizability. There is no conjugation, verb tense, gender, nor definite and indefinite articles.
Like most of the source languages, MS is an SOV language. Ex:
Na warmi ka = I am a woman (1stpr + woman + to be).
Adjectives go before the nouns they modify. Ex:
Pa uz tata ka = He is a good father (3rdpr + good + father + to be).
Nouns can be used as verbs when placed at the end of a word. As a result, one word can serve multiple functions, keeping the vocabulary small.
Examples:
simi = mouth, language, to speak (Quechua: simi, Kichwa: shimi)
maka = hand, to give (Nahuatl: maka, Quechua: maki, Totonac: makan, Nahuatl:Pomo: ma-)
nixkin = eye, to see (Cree: niskiisik, Ojibwe: nishkiinjig, Choctaw: nishkin, Chickasaw: ishkin)
However, in order to ensure no ambiguity, there are only a handful of words that serve strict grammatical purposes. These follow the nouns they are modifying as separate words. As of writing this some examples are:
ta = object marker (Quechua:Awa Pit: -ta)
naka = plural marker (Aymara: naka)
pi = possessive marker (Navajo:Apache:Tewa: bí, Quechua:Kichwa:Awa Pit: pa)
Ex:
Na warmi ta nixkin = I see a woman.
Na masewali simi ta simi = I speak masewali simi.
Na pi kali = My house.
Pronouns
One interesting note is that many unrelated Native American languages 1st and 2nd personal pronouns begin with n- and m- respectively.
Example:
Nahuatl:Amuesha: na, Aymara: naya, Zapotec: naa, Quechua: nuqa , Huichol: ne, Cree: niya, Ojibwe: niin
Aymara: juma, Mixe: mets, Nahuatl: mits, Mapudungun: eymi, Arhuaco: ma
With that, the MS pronouns are as follows:

	Singular	Plural
First Person	na	na naka
Second Person	ma	ma naka
Third Person	pa	pa naka

Naka can be added to follow the personal pronouns na, ma, pa to create the new pronouns just like in Aymara nanaka, jumanaka, jupanaka
Na naka uz ka = We are good.
Pa naka warmi (naka) ka = They are women (The second naka is optional when obvious).

Word Selection Process

As stated, words are often selected from one of the main source languages depending on whether or not they have been borrowed into any other languages or if the related languages have cognates. There are also instances of mere coincidence where different language families have words that sound similar enough out of pure chance. The prevalence of Spanish (since most indigenous languages are spoken in Latin America) has also lead to adoption of many loanwords amongst them. In the case of languages like Nahuatl and Quechua, sometimes the Spanish form of the original loanword is spread into other indigenous languages, thus indirectly spreading its influence even farther. The language also makes use of onomatopoeia for ease of communication and since many of the indigenous languages themselves do this. Here are a few examples of each. It's also worth noting that these are not all neat categories, they tend to blend into one other.
Language Area Borrowings
masat = deer (Nahuatl: masatl, Pipil:K'iche':Kaqchikel: masat, Yaqui:Mayo: maaso)
calwa = fish (Quechua:Aymara:Mapudungun: challwa)
cula = fox (Cherokee: tsula, Choctaw:Chickasaw: chula, Muscogee: culv
Cognate Vocabulary
kali = house, building (Nahuatl: kalli, Pipil: kal, Tarahumara: karí, Yaqui: kari, Cora: cáari)
ixim = corn (Tzeltal:Chontal:Tzotzil:Tojolbal:Ch'ol: ixim, Yucatec: ixi'im)
uz = good (K’iche’:Yucatec:Tzotzil: utz, Q’eqchi’: us)
Foreign Language Loanwords
waka = cow (Quechua:Aymara:Mapudungun:Chickasaw: waka, Cherokee: waga, Nahuatl:Yucatec:Tzeltal: wakax, Choctaw: wak)
pero = but (Nahuatl:Totonac:Tepehua:Guarani: pero, Quechua: piru)
kuci = pig (Quechua:Aymara: khuchi, Chipaya: kuchi, Zapotec: kuch, Mixtec: kochi, Wichi: kutsi, Cree: kohkoosh)
Spread Indirectly via Colonial Languages
kanuwa = canoe, boat, to sail (Quechua: kanuwa, Huichol: kanuva, Wayuu: anuwa, Garufuna: kawána, Yaqui: kanoa)
tomat = tomato (Nahuatl: tomatl, Pipil: tumat, Quechua:Aymara: tumati, Mapudungun: tomate)
purutu = bean (Quechua: purutu, Wichi: pulutu)
Coincidental Vocabulary
wan = and (Nahuatl: wan, Quechua: -wan)
ce' = wood, tree (K’iche’:Q’eqchi’:Yucatec: che’, Tzotzil: te7, Mam: tze’, Slavey: tse, Navajo:Apache: chizh)
misi = cat (Otomi: mixi, Quechua:Aymara: michi, Nahuatl: miston, Yucatec: miis, Tarahumara: miisi, Purépecha: misitu)
Onomatopoeia
aha = yes (Cherokee: vv, Cree: eha, Choctaw: ah, Samish: á:7a, Chinuk: ah-ha)
kururu = frog (Ticuna:Omagua:Cocama: kururu)
zunun = hummingbird (Purepecha: tzintzuni, K'iche': tz'unun, Yucatec: tz'unu'un)
Overall I am very happy with the progress of the language. Hopefully you found it an interesting read!

Niltze tialli pialli, mis amigos.

Contest Winners

For Ju-LIE, we saw a number of common misconceptions about the history of the Americas addressed in glorious meme format. In first, we have u/hard_for_chard with a meme addressing the stereotypical notion of the ecologically noble savage by showing that indigenous peoples actively performed land management with things such as controlled burnings. In second, u/K_Josef made a meme addressing the frequent but errant claim that Mesoamerica never had metalworking. And in third, we have u/hard_for_chard again with this reminder that plenty of animals were domesticated in the Americas, addressing another common claim. Good job, y'all.
Another shoutout is necessary to all of our archaeology friends currently on excavation season right now. I'm actually a Near East archaeologist currently working on a Judahite site right now and I know at least one of our active members is currently digging up Mississippian shenanigans. Tell us in the comments if you're on excavation this summer!

Our New Theme

This month's theme was decided for us half a millennium ago. On August 13, 1521, following a heroic last stand by the forces of the Aztec Empire, Tenochtitlan was surrendered to the forces of Hernan Cortes. Tens of thousands of indigenous bodies floated in Lake Texcoco and corporeal punishment was applied to try to retrieve gold lost following the previous Aztec victory over the Spanish at the city a year earlier. The Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan is, to be frank, of overstated importance in the history of the conquest of the New World. It is often treated as a monolithic event in the story of Spain coming suddenly to control Mesoamerica. In truth, the conquest was not over and regions of New Spain continued to be under indigenous rule well into the 1700s. The inland Maya states, the Purepechas, the Huastecs, and others were far from conquered in 1521. That said, for those arguing the inevitability or benefit of Spanish colonialism, the defeat of the Aztecs has become a central focus, a historic battle that could be looked at to explain why things happened the way they happened and to build a glorious military narrative around it. The Aztecs hold thus a unique position in popular conceptions of Mesoamerica for this reason. They are seen as the predecessors to Spanish rule and therefore the model by which all of Mesoamerica is typed in most people's minds.
Our contest this month is thus very simple and follows a theme we actually cover a lot. Meme the Spanish conquest of Mexico, focusing on the Aztec Empire narrative or other civilizations but in a way that calls into question the traditional narrative of the conquest as a glorious triumph of progress and civilization over primitiveness and barbarity. I am sure we won't be the only people on Reddit noticing the semimillennium of this event and our goal this month is to look at those people celebrating it and trying to be louder. Consider crossposting memes you make to places that might need to hear what they have to say.

Other Shenanigans

Other things. Monthly reminder to join the official DankPrecolumbianMemes Discord server here. This is where a bunch of us actively hang out and have discussions so it's worth being in if you want to talk about ancient Americas stuff. Also, consider joining another Discord server of the Revive History Memes Society (if the server name is not that, don't worry; the senators there change it all the time) here, which is a place where people from all sorts of Reddit history meme communities come together to work to fight misinformation and atrocity apologetics together. A recently retired president of the society purged a bunch of inactive people from the server before he left office so if you remember being in there but are not anymore, you can follow that link again.
Let's have a glorious last stand in defense of Tenochtitlan from the internet hordes, my dudes.
--Sapa Inka Iacobus

Like let's assume, they have less tech, are focused on something else or discover Canada first and for some reason are made disinterested in it for a while for slow exploration.
What happens to an Americas mostly left alone by from the West, would the Eastern powers discover it?
What of the Local Ameridian powers, how are they most likely to have developed, especially as copper and bronze weapons were spreading from the Inca and Purepecha?. What would be the state of the geo-politics and states in half or a quarter millennium of continued relative isolation?.
Like It has often been said that the Polynesian discovered America, but a recent article finding Colombian Ameridian DNA in marquesas islands, polynesia which further dispersed from their and from evidence implies more than a single contact (Sweet potato names, Chicken Bones in South America), at east as early 1200 AD. Is there any chance that this can develop into something more that what is seemingly periodic trade? And what dangers or advantages could Polynesian Pigs, Chickens and Rats bring to South America. Could a slightly more maritime coastal andean people in the Inca Empire bring any conquest benefits?
What of the Maya, they had just started recovering from their collapse, how far could day go in that short time and their neighbours in Central America have a similar story but in their case, the sort of state formation that would in OTL make states like the Miskito a thing had been underway and building up. Could the formidable OTL Miskito state still form as a somewhat great power?.
And In the Amazon. The cultures there were collapsed presumely by the introduction of tropical diseases but they before this had pretty advanced cultures and proto-states (or is it microstates?), agressive peoples uilding large tribal unions like with the Guarani (Also, in Paraguay) or the Charrua (Also in Uruguay) and in the Southern Andeas, peoples that would become a great force like the Mapuche. Just how much more expansive could their expansion have been.
What of trade, how much would trade grow in the same time.
And in North America, this period saw the formation of the Haudenoshonie, Wabanaki and Powhatan confederacies, the declined but still strong Mississippian civilizations. How would these fair with minimal (very, very indirect trade) to none at all. Would the Mississippi survive without the arrival of Eurasian plagues or are they doomed to fall to migrations, are the Haudenoshonie, Wabanaki and Powhatan destined to bring about a new era of start formation and conquest or just fizzle out unknown?.

I've read about the Aztec ideas of teotl, and how they viewed their gods in a less literal, anthropomorphic manner than the Mediterranean civilizations Europeans were familiar with, to the point where the label of "god" is of questionable accuracy.
However, I don't know if the Maya had similar notions or not. I know we don't know much about the Purepecha, but do we know how they saw things?
I'm not interested in the names and roles of specific gods; I'm more interested in how similar their overall picture of how gods worked and what their role in the world was.

Much has changed in the five centuries since the Lawgiver proclaimed California as one nation. In the times of the first Age of Warlords the world was in a state of flux as men and women of ambition and faith warred with each other for supremacy. Now in the 30th century, the New World has entered into an Age of Empires.
The Empire Proper
Since the death of Elton IV, the Empire entered a state of accelerated decline. Under the rule of Emperors Mickey the first, second and third, the position of Emperor would lose much of its prestige as Californian Kings increasingly ignored all Imperial proclamations. The Gables, once loyal defenders of the throne turned to Gaianism, and in an ironic twist of fate a Gable Queen would declare herself the reincarnation of the General of Gaia. With a mighty army she conquered Nevada and marched to Sacramento, taking it after a prolonged siege and rebuffing counterattacks from the remaining Californian Kingdoms.
The Empire would enter a thirty year interregnum, during which no Emperor sat on the Ursine throne and the remaining Kingdoms did as they pleased. Despite the General’s proclamations however the Kingdoms of Socal, the Valley and Gran Francisco did not abandon the Cetic Philosophy. Eventually the Celestial Empire was reunited by Kobe the Gentle, first of a new imperial dynasty, with a new capital in Pasadena. The reconquest was a gradual process, as the Rulers of Socal drove the Gaians out of Jefferson and Nevada while taking the lands of the Valley and Gran Francisco.
In the two centuries since California has expanded its borders, taking control of all the lands around the Gulf of California. Further campaigns saw Cascadia fall under California’s rule, ending centuries of independent rule under the Freeland Queens, and the addition of Acapulco as an exclave of the Empire in Mexico. Reforms under the Carmine Emperors expanded the prefectural system and abolished the position of regional governors. The Imperial Departments have expanded their influence, taking much of the responsibilities that the governors once took. Since the disastrous rule of the Three Mickeys the Celestial Empire has returned to its former glory and more; now all of what had been Old America’s West Coast is ruled under one banner.
The Mountain Regions
The Kingdoms of what was once known as the Western Interior had since fallen under the sphere of the Celestial Empire. Emperor Kobe was content that the people of the Rockies heeded his words of wisdom, and believed that to force them to pay tribute would be a dangerous mistake. Once followers of Gaianism, The Kingdom of Idaho and Yellowstone had adopted the Cetic Philosophy since the Wootens of Boise united the lands of the Snake River Plain. After being split in two as a result of an election however the twin Kingdoms had all but destroyed themselves in reunification wars, and invasion from Texas.
Deseret returned to its old name of Utah. During the reign of the General of Gaia and her heirs the Mormons were subjugated under the name of Mother Earth. When the Carmines made their push to drive the General’s heirs out of California they ignored their holdings in Utah. Marriage and diplomacy brought Ceticism into Utah, with theWinkler dynasty eventually adopting the customs of their new Kingdom. Since then, the Utahns had mostly squabbled with Idaho and Colorado for control of the Rockies, a contest that was won when their rivals fell to outside powers.
Colorado was once a unique power in the Rockies, having maintained their own faith in the face of foreign powers at all sides. For a brief period they stood defiant in their mountain fortresses, but even the Rockies could not protect Colorado from their enemies forever. Now Colorado is part of the greater Texan Empire, a fiefdom of the Atomic King of New Mexico. The descendants of the great Colorado kings are currently prefects under Utah, having submitted to the rule of their former rivals rather than face destruction.
The Pacific Northwest and the Far North
The centuries long struggle between the Haida and the Gaians had finally ended. Driven out of Vancouver by the Basran and Freeland Queens, the daughters of Gaia have retaken all of the Pacific Northwest in the name of Mother Gaia. The Basrans have taken it a step further, forming an Empire of the Canucks for their people. Peace did not immediately return to the Pacific Northwest, for with the Haida vanquished the two Queendoms were quick to turn on each other for control of the Gaian heartlands. Ultimately the daughters of the North would find a new foe from beyond the Puget Sound, a threat greater than the feared Haida.
Alaska and the Yukon have always been a world of their own, remote and isolated even by the standards of the North. They have eked out harsh if quiet lives, either as free men or under Haida rule but when the Red Fleet crossed the Bering Strait nearly two centuries ago everything changed. They have since become part of the colony of New Russia, believed by the scholars in Sacramento and the rumor-mongers of the San Francisco docks to answer to the whims of a new Premierdom in the Far West. New Russia has since destroyed the once mighty Haida Kingdom and threatened to sail their invasion fleets south, but internal strife and the stubborn resistance of the Canucks have restricted their advance for the moment.
Horselords of many races and creeds waged war amongst themselves in the Canadian Prairie, their warhosts feared even in the Celestial Empire. In the late 27th century these horselords would one be brought to heel under the sabers of Daryl the Kind. Daryl’s kingdom would not survive him, split amongst his sons who would abandon the trailwalker faith for Gaianism or Ceticism. In recent years the Cetic Grabowskis are the last of their dynasty to still rule their lands, surrounded by new and ambitious warriors seeking to replicate the Kind man of the Prairie’s accomplishments.
The Texan Empire
The heirs of Luis the Conqueror have achieved the impossible: uniting not just the great desert separating the Celestial Empire from Texas and the Mexican Kingdoms, but Texas itself. Jennifer the Great crowned herself Empress of the Texans, rather than take mantle of High Queen. In the century since the Empire’s founding Jessica’s heirs and those of her vassal kings have defeated Crusades, stormed the mountain citadels of Colorado, brought the dreaded Comanche to heel and took much of Norther Louisiana.
Now the worship of Atomos is dominant in the lands between the Colorado and the Mississippi, the temples, cathedrals and district courts replaced with laboratories and universities. Though Catholicism is still popular in the lands once ruled by the Comanche, it likely would not be long until they turn from the path of Christ as many have done already.
With an army that nearly matches that of the Celestial Empire, the Texans are perhaps the only threat to California. With the Atomic Kings of New Mexico, a vassal of Texas already making inroads into the Cetic-ruled portions of the Rockies, it is only a matter of time until the two largest empires in the New World would come to blows.
The Midwest and the Catholic World
New Rome’s influence still holds sway over the Midwest, though much diminished. Catholicism’s enemies, the Factorymen and the Horselords of Dakota have plagued the Midwest, but in recent years the few remaining catholic kingdoms have been united into an Empire of the Grange under a cadet branch of the illustrious Greysnow dynasty. Crusades have been launched to retake lands considered rightfully catholic, but few have been successful. Despite their influenced and power restricted, the Catholics are hopeful, and believe that it would not be long until the light of Christ as they see it shines upon the Continent once again.
In recent years the native Americans of the Great Plains have faced difficult times. The Kingdom of Lakotah, once hegemon of the Great Plains, fell to the axes of Northmen conquerors. Since then the savages have converted to Christianity, though to New Rome’s dismay the Nuns of Montreal proved more convincing than their missionaries, but in recent years infighting has weakened them. Their neighbors in Montana, ruled by the Cheyenne fell to foreign threats as well, in their situation the Gaians, while the Comanche met their match against the Texan Empire. Of the Native American Kingdoms only the Cherokee of the Ozarks remain, a rump state sandwiched between Empires.
The Great Lakes
Much of the Great Lakes have fallen under the sway of the Ursuline See, now the largest and most influential of the Christian faiths. A succession of crusades have seen the kingdoms of Aurora and Michigan fall under the rule of Ursuline Kings, and while their strength might wax and wane the Factorymen and the Norse have failed to completely defeat the Canadian Conquerors. A new culture, a blend of Quebecois and Lakefolk that call themselves the Rouillard, has even risen in Michigan.
Feared far and wide for their savagery, the norsemen of Minnesota have now embraced the Ursuline Faith. Even the descendants of Albert Soady have turned their backs on their old gods to serve Christ as the Ursulines see him, rebuilding their ancestor’s kingdom in the name of their new faith.
Though not as successful as their Quebecois cousins, the Ontarians have maintained rulership over their lands, an impressive feat given the chaotic nature of the Great Lakes. The Anglican faith continues to persist, despite the loss of its followers in the Maritimes and New England to Consumerist swords. Like their cousins Ontario has warred with the Factorymen for rule of their portion of the Great Lakes, though they have been less successful.
Like their rivals in New Rome, the Rust Cultists have since been united under one Empire thanks to the conquests of Ohio. Unlike their rivals however, the factorymen are not as hopeful. Numerous defeats at the hands of the Ursulines and the loss of their most holy sites have caused the typical Motowner or Appalachian to become pessimistic of their future.
Having lived under the protection of the Prairieland Kings for over a century, the Metis have broken free and established themselves as rulers of Manitoba. Though alone and surrounded by enemies in all sides, greater threats prevent would-be invaders from capitalizing on the new Kingdom’s vulnerability.
The Northeast
A history of the Northeastern America could be succinctly summarized as a struggle between the Dollar, the Cross and the Thelemic Star. Since the Profit’s rise the Consumerists have conquered much of what was once the political heart of Old America, and what they could not conquer they converted, as they have done with the Occultists of New England.
Consumerist banners have flown across the East Coast for centuries since, with parts of the Confederacy having been conquered in the past by the Profit’s warriors. A great enemy from across the sea shattered Consumerist rule as the Redcoats took much of Canada, New England and Gotham. The British would launch several invasions to subjugate what they claim are their former subjects, but after a failed attempt to subjugate the Profit the would-be colonizers would go into decline. A coalition of Kingdoms from across the East Coast banded together and crippled the British forces at New Jersey. In less than three decades their holdings in New England revolted and threw off the British, and not even their conversion to Consumerism could prevent history from repeating.
The Consumerist’s success would not last forever. Shortly after the British’s defeat the newly liberated Republic of Gotham would return to Americanism after centuries of adherence to the Dollar. Soon after the legendary Ana Prescott appeared, conquering not just Quebec but Hudsonie, bringing Christian rule back into the American Northeast after the fall of its last Christian Kingdom. While the Consumerist Empire still remains within the political heart of Old America, many believe its fall will be inevitable, either against the vengeful Hudsonians or the resurgent Confederacy.
Unlike the Ursuline Kingdoms of the Great Lakes, the Kingdom of Quebec would rise much later, coming into being in the early 29th century. With the aid of their relatives in Michigan the Quebecois defeated the rapidly disintegrating Kingdom of New England, weakened as they were by the British. Quebec has since stood as a bastion of Christianity in the East. Their Maritime cousins have not been as lucky, remaining subservient to the Republic of Gotham. Even so, with the liberation of Hudsonie it may only be a matter of time until the Maritimes are once again free.
The mysterious regions of the frozen Northeast have been fought over by both the Consumerists and the Ursulines. With the collapse of the British Dominion and Ursuline efforts shifting towards the protection of the Great Lakes Kingdoms, the Druidic faith has seen a resurgence among theInnu people. Time will tell if the pagans would remain successful, especially as the Ursuline lords in Jamesie would not take the presence of heathens in their lands well.
The South
The last few centuries have not been kind to the Holy Columbian Confederacy. Invasions from the Rust Cultists and Consumerists were practically endless, while the Americanists in Florida persisted despite repeated attacks. Then came the Treaty of Westphalia, which caused much religious strife and for nearly a third of the Confederacy to secede. By the dawn of the 29th century, the evangelical faith had lost nearly all its influence as southron lords embraced postadventism or the charismatics.
The worst was yet to come, however. The Viceroy, scion of a minor Gaian family in Jefferson, converted to the Orientalist faith and made a pilgrimage to Tampa, gathering a legion of followers along the way. With his army of the Viceroy took Florida and Georgia, which at the time was an independent Catholic kingdom under the Gee dynasty. Besides this threat, the British attacked, taking the Palmetto Region. Despite these problems, the Confederacy did not collapse.
As these threats weakened, the Confederacy began to fight back. Several incursions from the Orientalists were rebuffed, while parts of Palmetto were slowly reconquered. The Old Dominion, once under the rule of the Factorymen of Appalachia, was liberated by the Bagleys. Though much of Georgia and the traditional capital at Charleston remains in Orientalist hands, and the Bagleys and their domains have split from the Confederacy, the election of an Evangelical Emperor, the first in a century is seen as a sign that their fortunes are being reversed.
The Caribbean
Much of the Caribbean Empire declared its independence after the death of Emperor Barrington, but over the centuries the Arnaz dynasty retook the West Indies and Cuba, driving off the Floridians in Havana in the process. An uneasy equilibrium existed between the Arnazes in Cuba and the Dominguezes of Haiti and Puerto Rico, who remained independent. In the last decade, however, the largest islands in the Caribbean were reunited under the Empire after a successful invasion by Joann of Haiti, unseating the Arnazes as Emperors of the Caribbean.
The Antilles and Trinidad have remained independent from the Empire even after Joann’s conquest. As smaller islands the two main powers of the Caribbean have left them alone, but how long this state of affairs will last is unknown.
South America
The Horse Nomads of the Llanos have subjugated the kingdoms of South America, leading to the rise of the Llanero Empire and the reformation of the Songs of Machete into an organized faith. Even with the new Empire the conflict between nomad and settled peoples continued. A cycle of Llano dynasties settling in the north, followed by an invasion from their still nomadic cousins would ensue.
The Guyanas region is ruled by the Sranan Muslims, at least in theory. In truth, the Empire of Brazil maintains a presence in the region, and though dynasties may rise and fall, the Jaguar remains dominant over this region of South America. The Brazilians are kind suzerains at the very least, and it is only thanks to their presence that the Llanos have yet to subjugate the Guyanas.
Mesoamerica
The Celestial Empire has acknowledged only two equals in its history: The Empire of Mexico, and Brazil. Since its dissolution after the revolt of the Sword of Erendira and the secession of the Yucatan, Mexico has become less than a shadow of its former self. Despite many attempts at reconquest, Mexico and the rest of the Kingdoms of the Sacred Heart were chipped away by the Zapotecs and the Purepecha.
In the late 29th century, the Mexicans’ fortunes would change. An Iturbide noble living within a fortress of the Orden De Mascara was captured by Californian troops during a campaign to bring all of Sinaloa under Imperial rule. Curious, Empress Marie II bid the noble to come to the Imperial Court in Pasadena. A deal was struck, and in exchange for economic concessions and Prince Diego Carlos’ conversion to the Cetic Philosophy, the Celestial Empire invaded the Mictlantec Kingdom of Oaxaca.
The campaign lasted eight years of bloody warfare before the Mictlantecs surrendered. Of note was the battle of Zacatlan, which saw over half of the Oaxacan army killed in the course of an evening after a force of Californian bikers drove across a mountain to attack and destroy a dam, flooding the Oaxacan camp. The Kingdom of Mexico was reinstated, while a daughter of the ruling Znia family who had been educated in Californian culture was put on the throne of Oaxaca.
To this day, half a century after the fact, the invasion is still viewed with controversy within the Celestial Empire. Half of the Imperial Clan was split over the issue, and even the Empress’s children publicly protested the decision to attack. While many within the Empire viewed the downfall of the bloodthirsty Mictlantecs as something to be celebrated, just as many lamented that the loss of nearly ten thousand Californian lives was not a price the Empire should have paid.
Since their revolt against the Mexican Empire the Purepecha have remained an independent people, defending Northern Mexico against all foes. Now the Tatas have declared themselves as Emperors of the Purepecha, defeating the last of the Sacred Heart Kingdoms that did not fall to Zapotec rule. Though sandwiched by the two Great Powers of the era, the Purepecha remain free from foreign incursion.
All of Central America was conquered by the might of Yucatan, a feat which began after Pascual the Reborn united his lands into one Empire. For a brief period the Empire of Yucatan and Centroamerica dominated politics South of the Border, but the Empire would be split into two by quarelling siblings. The Neomayans have since entered a state of near-constant warfare between their two great empires, with occasional forays into their neighbors to the North and South.
​
Such is the world that we live in the 30th century. Recent archaeological finds have shown that Old America may have only stood for three centuries before falling as a result of the event: The state of disunity across the New World has now lasted nearly three times as long. The current era may be seen by others as the beginning of stability in the world, of a sign that a great Rebirth is upon us, but ever must we be wary. No doubt the people of Old America believed their time will last forever, and yet they are gone, and we are here.
As Celestial Emperor, it is my solemn duty to ensure that the Empire remains safe, and that the mistakes of the past are not repeated. It is for such reasons that I make a record of the present, for as the Guru Santayana the Bard once said, to forget the past, is to doom oneself to repeat it.
The wise Santayana had also said that only the dead shall know the end of war. I fear that, in the coming years, I shall become the reason why many would learn this adage intimately.

My mom told me that my grandpa spoke the nahuatl language but apparently over time he slowly forgotten and never had the chance to teach my mom and aunts of the language and culture. He gave me my name, Xochitl. I want to reconnect my roots but the culture from my family has been stripped away on my mom's side. My dad is part native American (he doesn't know which tribe it is because he was adopted) and purepecha. Does anyone recommend any sites with resources or books? EDIT: forgot to add in that both my parents on my mom's side passed away. Never met my grandma, and my grandpa died when I was around 9.

We're back with yet another Elysian Battlefield and I know there isn't any fan favorites in this one but I can promise that it's still a good one.
TLAHUICOLE vs TYR
The Honorable Giant vs The Right Hand Of The Gods
I assume most of you aren't exactly aware of who Tlahuicole is and let me just start by saying that he's an absolute badass. He is a Tlaxcaltec (It's in Mexico) Warrior and Commander who was captured by the Aztecs.
His great strength and noble demeanor made such an impression upon the Aztec King Moctezuma II, that the King tried to spare Tlahuicole. Tlahuicole refused and said that he couldn't go back to his country without facing the trials and tribulations that the other prisoners face. That it would be dishonorable for him to do such a thing.
Well after a long debate the King managed to convince Tlahuicole to command an army and fight off Purepecha invaders. Tlahuicole of course accepted thinking that this would get him an honorable death. But of course what ended up happening was that Tlahuicole and his army wiped the invaders off the face of the Earth.
Once Tlahuicole returned he went to the King and demanded that he be chained to the gladiatorial arena where he could finally get his honorable death. Once chained there, without a weapon Tlahuicole managed to take down eight of the best Aztec Warriors before being shot by an arrow.
Also I need to mention that Tlahuicole was a giant of man whose weapon was so big that other soldiers couldn't even carry it.
Now, Tyr is much more well known than Tlahuicole. Tyr is the Norse God of War but on top of that he is the God of Justice, Law, Victory and Heroic Glory. He is one of the most important deities in Norse Mythology despite not being in many myths. Warriors would pray to Tyr before battle, they would carve his rune into their weapons. They even named a day after him calling it Tyr's Day otherwise known as Tuesday.
The one Myth that we do know of Tyr is the one where he loses his right hand. In this Myth the Gods become fearful of Fenrir and try desperately to restrain him. They tried everything from rope to iron chains, yet Fenrir breaks through each and every one of them. Eventually they come up with a magical bind that will surely stop Fenrir but the only problem is that Fenrir wouldn't let them bind him unless if one of the Gods places their hand within the beasts mouth.
Tyr without hesitation volunteered and placed his hand in Fenrir's mouth. He was the only one who honored the beasts request and as a result Fenrir bit down and swallowed his hand. The Gods looked upon Tyr horrified at what transpired and yet thankful that it wasn't them who accepted the act. Tyr simply brought back his arm not even noting the pain and continued on without any regrets.
He sacrificed his right hand to the beast without a second thought. Sacrificing it for the sake of Honor and for the safety of the gods themselves.
For this reason he earned the nickname 'Right Hand of the Gods'
Now onto their weapons of choice and like always we start with our Human Combatant.
Tlahuicole's volund is an utterly massive Macuahuitl (Aztec Wooden Sword). The power of this volund is that it allows the user to change it's weight whenever he wants. The user can make it light allowing him to quickly bring it up only to increase it's weight and bring it down upon his opponent with much more force that it would've had otherwise.
Tyr on the other hand has two weapons to note, or well at least one is a weapon. First one is the metal glove that fits over his missing hand. The other is the cursed sword Tyrfing, a sword which will never break nor never miss it's target but once the user draws it they cannot place it down until they take a life.
This is a battle between the two most honorable and bravest warriors in history and mythology.
Who do you think will win?
Do you enjoy this match up?
Is there any characters you'd like to see appear in Elysian Battlefield?

Hi. I’m a History Major and I’ve practiced Kendo/Kempo for a good part of my life. It’s essentially Japanese martial arts from Aikido to Karate to many Japanese weapons. I feel it’s important to state that I’m Mexican American born and raised and still living in the U.S. I am coming from an essentially neutral standpoint as none of my culture is not represented in the game. I am biased as I have Japanese relatives, I have Chinese, Korean, and Filipino friends, and have practiced Japanese martial arts. That being said, let’s get into what this post is about:
Please, please, I ask you to not add in an Heroes that are not historically Japanese. I implore you, do not implement warriors that are not Japanese.
Historically, Japan doesn’t have the best track record in Asia. World War Two is one of the worst eras in Japan’s history with the conquering of the Pacific and many Asian countries. They committed atrocities against these countries’ peoples. Some of the worst things you can think of that I do not want to get into. Against China especially, and I know that most of us have been asking for Chinese or Mongolian warriors.
Japan has a rich and beautiful and honestly wild history filled with many different kinds of warriors and weapons that can be implemented into this game. Do not add any other Asian warriors. This is not meant to be racist or xenophobic, not by a mile. It is just that all the Asian people that I am lucky to have in my life have conveyed the same thing to me: To add in a country’s warriors under a Japanese Order would be inherently offensive. Japan has previously conquered and brutalized those countries in the past, to suggest they did the same in this game, that is based on history, and succeeded would be wrong.
I know you will all bring up the arguments of Romans and Knights and Scots and Vikings so let me say why it makes sense and historically makes sense as to why it is this way in the game.
First the Vikings and Scots: Highlander and Shaman are based on the real life Norse-Gaels and Norse-Picts respectively. Vikings in the past arrived in Scotland, settled, and merged cultures. In fact, most Scots today who live in the Highlands descend from Norse-Gaels. In the setting of For Honor, it makes sense that Scots are fighting alongside their ancestors against Knights (who historically oppressed the Scots) and the Samurai. It makes sense and it is still somewhat historically accurate.
Now the Knights and Romans: Romans had the concept of Equites long before the Knights. Equites were the equivalent to Knights in Rome. Their name comes from the fact that they also rode horses. Knights came to be in Europe because Vikings came down and settled, once settled they formed tribes with the natives and such and then started making their own versions of Equites. Eventually becoming Knights. The fact that Romans are on the side of the Knights and are considered the progenitors of the Knights in For Honor makes sense and is somewhat historically accurate.
Why the Samurai should not have other Asian warriors from a historical standpoint: It just never happened. The only country that would “make sense” is China, yet even so it is far and away from being even somewhat historically accurate. Yes Japan borrowed a lot from China: writing, art, religion. Though they never borrowed any ideas of their weapons or warriors. Chinese have very different martial arts, weapons, and warriors to Japan. Mongols and Chinese make more sense than Chinese and Japanese. Not only that but China and Japan have been at each other’s throats for as long as anyone can remember. I should not even have to mention the Rape of Nanking.
To conclude: Please do not add any Asian warriors that are not Japanese to the Samurai. Discussion with my relatives and friends of Asian descent have led me to the conclusion that it would be offensive and ahistorical. My own research as a history major has also led me to this conclusion. I come from a neutral standpoint to this game, I love it to death and am very happy at how the devs interact with the community. If you are Asian and disagree with me then disagree and tell me why. I do not wish to speak for your community and do not wish to make assumptions about your community. I did my best to research my points and have extensive conversations with friends and family that come from all different parts of Asia. There are still many types of armor and weapons that the Samurai and many Japanese warriors used that have not been touched or even mentioned on this sub and I encourage you all to do some research on them. My last post is about a Japanese weapon I feel would fit in this game quite well. I would also like to end this by saying this is the opinion of a dude who is fairly neutral to the whole Vikings vs Knights vs Samurai aspect in the game.
TL;DR: I ask the devs not to add in warriors that aren’t Japanese because it is not historically accurate and it could be considered offensive by many Asian communities. I go in depth in the post if you wish for elaboration on these points.
p.s. Please don’t ask for Aztecs or Mayas or Incas or Purepecha or other Native American warriors. Just put us in For Honor 2 as our own faction if you really want us.