• Don't use a multi-column format. ATS goes bonkers.
• Most important hard skills for a job must be at the start of your skills list. That means you have to customize your resume for every job.
• There is no need for a summary section if you are a fresher. However, if you decide to add it, then make it count. No need to repeat your name or Uni in this section. Your summary should exude confidence, and show that you know where you are going. Most importantly, don't sink your resume by using a lame-ass summary.
• Use active voice.
• Direct over vague.
• At first view, the hiring manager will spend about 5 to 10 seconds on your resume. If the skills they are looking for don't pop up in that view, your resume goes out.
• Pay attention to capitalization, articles (a, an and the) and punctuation.
• Absolutely no spelling mistakes.
• Consistent bullets.
• No Italics or underlines. Max 5% bold lettering.
• No micro-size fonts, serif fonts, fixed width or, fancy fonts. Use 11-12 points fonts with 1.5 line spacing. Left align and not Justify. Verdana, Tahoma, Calibri, Helvetica are all fine. Times New Roman, Arial is out.
• Brevity

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• Judaism, monotheistic religion developed among the ancient Hebrews. Judaism is characterized by a belief in one transcendent God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions. Judaism is the complex phenomenon of a total way of life for the Jewish people, comprising theology, law, and innumerable cultural traditions.
  
• It is a religion.
  
  • monotheistic=belief in one God that you worship
• Anything that comes from this monotheistic religion is a SECT of Judaism
  
• If you are a christian, you are a follow of christ
  
  • Christos is greek for messiah
    • If you follow this person, then you are following a man that was a Jew/Hebrew

• Jesus is setting the record straight. He is speaking as a teacher
• For christians today, “fulfill” produces the same results as destroy.
• The second coming is even in the prophets
• “Fulfill” means to carry out
• Paul uses the word “fulfill” a lot to mean carry out
• Jesus is going into his Hebrew roots. God would often use the celestial bodies and how we can depend on them being there, using the dependability, as an analogy of how long something is in effect. (example: Jeremiah 31)
• Jot
  • G2503
    • ἰῶτα
    • iōta
    • ee-o'-tah
    • Of Hebrew origin (the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet); “iota”, the name of the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, put (figuratively) for a very small part of anything: - jot.
  • This is coming from a hebrew word with a “y” sound
  • The tenth letter of the hebrew alphabet: yodh
• Tittle
  • G2762
    • κεραία
    • keraia
    • ker-ah'-yah
    • Feminine of a presumed derivative of the base of G2768; something horn like, that is, (specifically) the apex of a Hebrew letter (figuratively the least particle): - tittle.
  • Apex = top

• Not everything has been accomplished.
  • Heaven and earth are still here.
  • If he did fulfill everything, why are people waiting for the second coming

• What commandments are he referencing?
  • Answer: The Law and the Prophets
• Why would you shoot to be the least in anything?
  • Being least here means you don’t enter the kingdom
• The scribes and Pharisees taught the law, but were hypocrites because they didn’t do it.
• If you break the law of moses and teach others to do so as well, you won’t enter the kingdom

• After jesus healed the man of leprosy, he said to go to the levites and do what Moses commanded
  • (leviticus 13)
  • Jesus is telling the man to go and to what the law says to do when a man with leprosy is cleansed. He is teaching Judaism.

• A lawyer = an expert on the law (of Moses)
• Eternal life = salvation
  • Being part of the resurrection of the just
• He asked because jesus was preaching the message of eternal life
• The man quotes the law to jesus, then jesus says he has answered right
  • These two commandments are always used to summarize the entire law of moses
    • This was mentioned first in the old testament

• He equipped them to do this

• Don’t go to the gentiles to heal the sick or whatever; don’t go to the samaritans
• Jesus wanted them to go to Jews/Hebrew Israelites
  • This was just for the beginning
• This is a sect started by a Jew
• It was for the hebrews first
• Jesus taught the gospel and true obedient to the law
  • gospel=good news=the messiah is here

• He told her (and all the samaritans) that they don’t know what they worship
• Salvation is of the Jews
  • From the Jews

• Jesus said this
  • This salvation is eternal life
  • If you want eternal life, you have to go to the Jews
    • This is, keeping the commandments

• Our lord and savior says this

• The mission has now spread beyond just the hebrews; but it still is a jewish religion

• What did jesus command them concerning the law
  • He said to follow it and do it (the law of Moses)
  • This is judaism

• He was threatening to have them killed
• “This way”
  • The “this” is italics in KJV

• It is capitalized
  • Because it is talking about a specific religious believe
  • It is a person, place or thing

• They didn’t have a name for it

• “The Way”
  • Called this before called christianity

• Divers were hard-headed and didn’t want to know
• “That way”
  • This is what they called the belief

• There was a riot that broke out about teaching people of the way

• This is paul speaking of his defense

• He was a Jew (a blanket word for hebrew israelite in the 1st century)
  • Tarsus is a gentile city
  • Gamaliel is a hebrew teacher
  • Taught of PERFECT manner of the LAW
• He is comparing himself to the other jews
• Paul is giving his whole background
• He says what he did before he was converted
  • He persecuted “the way”

• “The way”
  • His fellow jews called his new belief system heresy
• He believed all things in the law and prophets

• The law and the prophets started from the Jews. and it comes from the jews

• The roman catholic church took over the true faith and bastardized it. This is what it is today. A Jesus Christ completely divorced from his hebrew roots in every way imaginable.

• “That way” aka the way
  • Luke keeps referring to the newfound sect as “the way”

• Tertullus was accusing them

• SECT of the Nazarenes
  • Thus, a jewish sect

• Sect of the sadducees means it is a religious jewish denomination or a branch
  • A branch grows out of something. They branched from judaism

• They know he believes; he is a jew
• Straitest SECT of the religion
• Pharisees was one sect; sadducees was another; ebonites also

• Nazareth did not possess a good reputation, as reflected in the question of Nathanael, himself a Galilean (John 1:46 ). The early church received similar scorn as the Nazarene sect (Acts 24:5 ). Such lack of respect was likely due to an unpolished dialect, a lack of culture, and quite possibly a measure of irreligion and moral laxity.
  
• The early church was the nazarene sect
  
• They received scorn.
  
• (nothing to do with the nazareth vow)
  
• (naz' uh ruhth; naz uh reene') Place name meaning, “branch.” Nazareth did not enjoy a place of prominence until its association with Jesus. It does not appear in the Old Testament. As He became known as “Jesus of Nazareth” (Matthew 26:71; Luke 18:37; Luke 24:19; John 1:45; Acts 2:22; Acts 3:6; Acts 10:38 ), His hometown became fixed in Christian memory.
  
• Nazareth was located in lower Galilee about halfway between the Sea of Galilee and the Mediterranean Sea. It lay in the hill country north of the Plain of Esdraelon. The hills formed a natural basin with three sides, but open toward the south. The city was on the slopes of the basin, facing east and southeast. Cana was about five miles to the northeast. A Roman road from Capernaum westward to the coast passed near Nazareth.
  
• Nazareth was in israel
  
• They don’t want to call us Nazarenes because it still takes you back to israel
  
  • This shows the hebrew roots

• I AM belongs to God

• an inhabitant of Nazareth. This appellative is applied to,Jesus in many passages in the New Testament. This name, made striking in so many ways, and which, if first given in scorn, was adopted and gloried in by the disciples, we are told in ( Matthew 2:23 ) possesses a prophetic significance. Its application to Jesus, in consequence of the providential arrangements by which his Parents were led to take up their abode in Nazareth, was the filling out of the predictions in which the promised Messiah is described as a netser i.e. a shoot, sprout , of Jesse, a humble and despised descendant of the decayed royal family. Once, ( Acts 24:5 ) the term Nazarenes is applied to the followers of Jesus by way of contempt. The name still exists in Arabic as the ordinary designation of Christians.
  
• Some arabs still call christians, nazarenes
  

• The ones that were scattered abroad is regarding the believers
• They were preaching the word to JEWS ONLY!
  • This would make it a religion of the Jews.
  • They did this because they were getting persecuted.

• Christian just means follower of Christ

• the name given by the Greeks or Romans, probably in reproach, to the followers of Jesus. It was first used at Antioch. The names by which the disciples were known among themselves were "brethren," "the faithful," "elect," "saints," "believers." But as distinguishing them from the multitude without, the name "Christian" came into use, and was universally accepted. This name occurs but three times in the New Testament ( Acts 11:26 ; 26:28 ; 1 Peter 4:16 ).
  
• They aren’t sure if it was given as an insult or not.
  
• Christian became the more popular name. And by the time the roman empire took over, the belief system was completely bastardized
  
  • It was practiced with idolatry and paganism. The original people were being persecuted.

Christians Do Not Understand Acts 15:19-20

Christians Do Not Understand Acts 15:19-20

• This is James talking. We don’t trouble the Gentile converts.
• Is this for all time or for just those that have just come to the faith?
• Fornication is a blanket turn regarding any sexual act
  • Adultery, harlot, homosexuality, incest, etc.
• Things strangled
  • Things with blood in them (back to the levitical law)
  • You have to drain the blood out of every animal (don’t eat any blood)
• What happened to honor your father and mother or no killing or stealing or bear false witness or coveting?

• Certain men said this. The apostles didn’t teach this. This was a lie that was taught. People were holding on to their traditional views.
• They didn’t abandon their previous beliefs completely.
• You don’t have to follow the Law of Moses to be saved. You don’t have to be circumcised to be saved.

• This is on the day of pentecost.
• Peter is addressing the House of Israel, the Jews, the Israelites
  • This was who christianity was given to first
  • He is rebuking them.
• There were some gentiles here too, but Peter was addressing the Jews first.
• Verse 38 doesn’t say to keep the Law of Moses
• Being saved doesn’t mean keep the Law of Moses or be circumcised
  • This is how you get saved.

• This is Peter and John preaching Jesus
• You have to be saved by and through Jesus
  • Not by the law or circumcision.

• Believe in Jesus

• Your saved through Jesus
• God has granted repentance to the Gentiles
  • This means they too have an opportunity to be saved (through Jesus)
• They were teaching belief in Jesus

• Certain men (not Paul, James, etc.)
  • They taught that to be saved you have to follow the Law of Moses
• This became a big argument that Paul and Barnabas were arguing against.
• They went to go have a council meeting

• These certain men were a sect of the pharisees
• Before this, circumcision wasn’t an issue discussed
• This was because Gentiles were brought into the picture that had no Hebrew roots.
  • They were making circumcision a requirement for salvation.
• Peter is recounting how he got the gentiles in.
  • Cornelius had some background of the law and such
  • Others didn’t have background
• Whenever the apostles converted non-Israelites, then people got mad
• Verse 10, christians THINK that peter is rebuking law
  • Tempting God is actually breaking the law (this is clear in the old and new testament)
• The yoke referred to is something that is going against the law or the gospel
  • Yoke talked about in matthew 23
    • Pharisees were putting a heavy burden on the new converts that were grievous to be borne
• Here, they were making the gospel unbearable. Making the gospel hard to do.

• These burdens were extra
• They added laws to the laws of Moses, making the laws of Moses unbearable.

• The difference between Jesus’s yoke and the pharisee’s yoke is that the pharisees made restrictions to make the law of Moses heavy.

• We keep his commandments
• That we keep his commandments
  • The commandments aren’t grievous
  • Grievous (G926)
    • βαρύς
    • barus
    • bar-ooce'
    • From the same as G922; weighty, that is, (figuratively) burdensome, grave: - grievous, heavy, weightier.
    • Same word in Matthew 23:4

• Discussing how to talk with the very new convert Gentiles (100% pagan)

• The decision is to not make the conversion hard.
• Did James just choose these four (there are actually five) things? Where did James get these?

• James got this one. The first direct way it was said.
• Book of Leviticus was for the priests.
  • They were the teachers of the ancient hebrews.
• James went to the teacher’s edition essentially.

• This is the fornication that James is talking about. It covered all the sexuality stuff.
• It is a blanket statement, which is more than just four precepts in chapter 18.

• They should drain the animals dry.
• You also can’t eat the blood.

• First, four precepts from the law of Moses.
• Then he says that the law of Moses is taught in all the synagogues.
• The Gentiles would get the rest from the synagogues from their cities.
  • This is why James didn’t have to give an exhaustive list.

• Synagogue in Antioch and they went in during the sabbath day.
• After reading of the law and the prophets!
  • This is what James was saying
• Then they opened the study for questions
• This is where they learned the rest of the precepts.

• There were gentiles in the synagogue keeping the sabbath. They were learning of the laws of Moses.
• proselytes were new converts to the faith.
  • Never was a Jew, but converting to the ways of Israel.

• KJV falls short here

• The scriptures in their day was the old testament.
• This public reading was in synagogues on the sabbath.

• Public reading of the scriptures. They were reading the old testament and teaching it.

• They say keep on reading.
• The reading of the scriptures was a part of the worship.

1. ABOUT this time it was that Helena, queen of Adiabene, and her son Izates, changed their course of life, and embraced the Jewish customs, and this on the occasion following: Monobazus, the king of Adiabene, who had also the name of Bazeus, fell in love with his sister Helena, and took her to be his wife, and begat her with child. But as he was in bed with her one night, he laid his hand upon his wife’s belly, and fell asleep, and seemed to hear a voice, which bid him take his hand off his wife’s belly, and not hurt the infant that was therein, which, by God’s providence, would be safely born, and have a happy end. This voice put him into disorder; so he awaked immediately, and told the story to his wife; and when his son was born, he called him Izates. He had indeed Monobazus, his elder brother, by Helena also, as he had other sons by other wives besides. Yet did he openly place all his affections on this his only begotten (2) son Izates, which was the origin of that envy which his other brethren, by the same father, bore to him; while on this account they hated him more and more, and were all under great affliction that their father should prefer Izates before them. Now although their father was very sensible of these their passions, yet did he forgive them, as not indulging those passions out of an ill disposition, but out of a desire each of them had to be beloved by their father. However, he sent Izates, with many presents, to Abennerig, the king of Charax-Spasini, and that out of the great dread he was in about him, lest he should come to some misfortune by the hatred his brethren bore him; and he committed his son’s preservation to him. Upon which Abennerig gladly received the young man, and had a great affection for him, and married him to his own daughter, whose name was Samacha: he also bestowed a country upon him, from which he received large revenues.
   
2. But when Monobazus was grown old, and saw that he had but a little time to live, he had a mind to come to the sight of his son before he died. So he sent for him, and embraced him after the most affectionate manner, and bestowed on him the country called Carra; it was a soil that bare amomum in great plenty: there are also in it the remains of that ark, wherein it is related that Noah escaped the deluge, and where they are still shown to such as are desirous to see them. (3) Accordingly, Izates abode in that country until his father’s death. But the very day that Monobazus died, queen Helena sent for all the grandees, and governors of the kingdom, and for those that had the armies committed to their command; and when they were come, she made the following speech to them: "I believe you are not unacquainted that my husband was desirous Izates should succeed him in the government, and thought him worthy so to do. However, I wait your determination; for happy is he who receives a kingdom, not from a single person only, but from the willing suffrages of a great many." This she said, in order to try those that were invited, and to discover their sentiments. Upon the hearing of which, they first of all paid their homage to the queen, as their custom was, and then they said that they confirmed the king’s determination, and would submit to it; and they rejoiced that Izates’s father had preferred him before the rest of his brethren, as being agreeable to all their wishes: but that they were desirous first of all to slay his brethren and kinsmen, that so the government might come securely to Izates; because if they were once destroyed, all that fear would be over which might arise from their hatred and envy to him. Helena replied to this, that she returned them her thanks for their kindness to herself and to Izates; but desired that they would however defer the execution of this slaughter of Izates’s brethren till he should be there himself, and give his approbation to it. So since these men had not prevailed with her, when they advised her to slay them, they exhorted her at least to keep them in bonds till he should come, and that for their own security; they also gave her counsel to set up some one whom she could put the greatest trust in, as a governor of the kingdom in the mean time. So queen Helena complied with this counsel of theirs, and set up Monobazus, the eldest son, to be king, and put the diadem upon his head, and gave him his father’s ring, with its signet; as also the ornament which they call Sampser, and exhorted him to administer the affairs of the kingdom till his brother should come; who came suddenly upon hearing that his father was dead, and succeeded his brother Monobazus, who resigned up the government to him.
   
3. Now, during the time Izates abode at Charax-Spasini, a certain Jewish merchant, whose name was Ananias, got among the women that belonged to the king, and taught them to worship God according to the Jewish religion. He, moreover, by their means, became known to Izates, and persuaded him, in like manner, to embrace that religion; he also, at the earnest entreaty of Izates, accompanied him when he was sent for by his father to come to Adiabene; it also happened that Helena, about the same time, was instructed by a certain other Jew and went over to them. But when Izates had taken the kingdom, and was come to Adiabene, and there saw his brethren and other kinsmen in bonds, he was displeased at it; and as he thought it an instance of impiety either to slay or imprison them, but still thought it a hazardous thing for to let them have their liberty, with the remembrance of the injuries that had been offered them, he sent some of them and their children for hostages to Rome, to Claudius Caesar, and sent the others to Artabanus, the king of Parthia, with the like intentions.
   
4. And when he perceived that his mother was highly pleased with the Jewish customs, he made haste to change, and to embrace them entirely; and as he supposed that he could not he thoroughly a Jew unless he were circumcised, he was ready to have it done. But when his mother understood what he was about, she endeavored to hinder him from doing it, and said to him that this thing would bring him into danger; and that, as he was a king, he would thereby bring himself into great odium among his subjects, when they should understand that he was so fond of rites that were to them strange and foreign; and that they would never bear to be ruled over by a Jew. This it was that she said to him, and for the present persuaded him to forbear. And when he had related what she had said to Ananias, he confirmed what his mother had said; and when he had also threatened to leave him, unless he complied with him, he went away from him, and said that he was afraid lest such an action being once become public to all, he should himself be in danger of punishment for having been the occasion of it, and having been the king’s instructor in actions that were of ill reputation; and he said that he might worship God without being circumcised, even though he did resolve to follow the Jewish law entirely, which worship of God was of a superior nature to circumcision. He added, that God would forgive him, though he did not perform the operation, while it was omitted out of necessity, and for fear of his subjects. So the king at that time complied with these persuasions of Ananias. But afterwards, as he had not quite left off his desire of doing this thing, a certain other Jew that came out of Galilee, whose name was Eleazar, and who was esteemed very skillful in the learning of his country, persuaded him to do the thing; for as he entered into his palace to salute him, and found him reading the law of Moses, he said to him, "Thou dost not consider, O king! that thou unjustly breakest the principal of those laws, and art injurious to God himself, [by omitting to be circumcised]; for thou oughtest not only to read them, but chiefly to practice what they enjoin thee. How long wilt thou continue uncircumcised? But if thou hast not yet read the law about circumcision, and dost not know how great impiety thou art guilty of by neglecting it, read it now." When the king had heard what he said, he delayed the thing no longer, but retired to another room, and sent for a surgeon, and did what he was commanded to do. He then sent for his mother, and Ananias his tutor, and informed them that he had done the thing; upon which they were presently struck with astonishment and fear, and that to a great degree, lest the thing should be openly discovered and censured, and the king should hazard the loss of his kingdom, while his subjects would not bear to be governed by a man who was so zealous in another religion; and lest they should themselves run some hazard, because they would be supposed the occasion of his so doing. But it was God himself who hindered what they feared from taking effect; for he preserved both Izates himself and his sons when they fell into many dangers, and procured their deliverance when it seemed to be impossible, and demonstrated thereby that the fruit of piety does not perish as to those that have regard to him, and fix their faith upon him only. (4) But these events we shall relate hereafter.
   
5. But as to Helena, the king’s mother, when she saw that the affairs of Izates’s kingdom were in peace, and that her son was a happy man, and admired among all men, and even among foreigners, by the means of God’s providence over him, she had a mind to go to the city of Jerusalem, in order to worship at that temple of God which was so very famous among all men, and to offer her thank-offerings there. So she desired her son to give her leave to go thither; upon which he gave his consent to what she desired very willingly, and made great preparations for her dismission, and gave her a great deal of money, and she went down to the city Jerusalem, her son conducting her on her journey a great way. Now her coming was of very great advantage to the people of Jerusalem; for whereas a famine did oppress them at that time, and many people died for want of what was necessary to procure food withal, queen Helena sent some of her servants to Alexandria with money to buy a great quantity of corn, and others of them to Cyprus, to bring a cargo of dried figs. And as soon as they were come back, and had brought those provisions, which was done very quickly, she distributed food to those that were in want of it, and left a most excellent memorial behind her of this benefaction, which she bestowed on our whole nation. And when her son Izates was informed of this famine,
   

• The pharisees make them twice as likely to go to hell.

• These people would go to great lengths to make this one convert even worse than them.

1. Saved by Christ
2. Save yourselves

• law=law of moses
• Why would Jesus say that he didn’t come to destroy the law?
  • Answer: because some thought that
  • Whatever “fulfill” means, it must mean the opposite of “destroy”
• Fulfilling a law or rule means to abide it or carry out/obey
• Christians want fulfill to be equal to destroy
• Until heaven and earth pass
  • Something won’t stop until heaven and earth go away
• “Until you graduate, you will not get a car”
  • After the first semester, do you get the car?
• Verse 18: all won’t be fulfilled until there is no heaven nor earth anymore
• Jesus is being dramatic
  • Jot and tittle
  • He says that every part of it IS GOOD
• If heaven and earth are still here then all has not been fulfilled
• If you break one of these least commandments…(he is telling specifically what he means now)
  • You won’t enter (said few verses later)
• He says if you keep the law of moses and teach them then you will be called GREAT IN THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN

• If you are coming to complete the house, the house stays there after completing it
  • This doesn’t mean destroying the building
• WHY AREN’T WE STRIVING FOR PERFECTION!!!!???!?!?!?!
  • Christians are satisfied with a D-

• John (the baptist/baptiser) was the last of the old testament prophets
  • They tried to force their way in the kingdom
• It's easier to destroy to the skies and the earth over destroying God’s law
  • This is how durable it is
• At this time they used the permanency of something else to compare it with
  • Just like diamond rings symbolizing that the marriage/love would last forever
  • Jesus used something else as permanency!
    • To illustrate how permanent the law is

• David talking about God’s commandments
• Stand fast=stand firm
  • That is it is permanent

• Our lives are finite and fragile; making a comparison
• Grass comes and goes
• In the old testament, the Word stands forever.

• When Jesus said the heaven, he wasn’t meaning where the Father is, but meaning the sky (which is where the sun and moon are)
• As long as there is a sun, moon, and stars in the sky, Israel will never stop being a nation before him
• This is showing how permanent the nation of Israel is
• When we get to the new testament, this is the same kind of idiom
  • As long as you see the sun, moon, and stars, THE LAW IS STILL GOOD!

• He taught them to observe all things that they have been taught
• If Jesus taught his apostles that the law was done away with, we would see this right away in the actions of the apostles!
• Jesus never taught his apostles that the law was done away with anywhere!

• This is Luke, Paul’s companion. This is the first century christians
• Pentecost meaning from the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online 1. In the Old Testament: * As the name indicates (pentekoste), this second of the great Jewish national festivals was observed on the 50th day, or 7 weeks, from the Paschal Feast, and therefore in the Old Testament it was called "the feast of weeks." * Paschal Feast is PASSOVER!!
• This is law of Moses, keeping the Pentecost (feast of weeks)
• “They were all” - all the apostles were there

• feast of unleavened bread
  • Associate with passover
• feast of weeks
  • This is Pentecost
• feast of tabernacles

• Christians today DON’T know better than them

• They were there to keep the feast of weeks (Pentecost)

• Proselyte meaning from Smith's Bible Dictionary
  • (a stranger, a new comer ), the name given by the Jews to foreigners who adopted the Jewish religion.
  • They weren’t Jews by blood, but there were keeping the law of Moses
  • They were learning of Christ for the first time at Pentecost

• Peter rebuked people about Jesus earlier before this
• Pharisees are super observant of the Law of Moses
  • He was an expert (doctor)
  • He would have condemned them if they weren’t keeping the law
  • He was one of the best at the law
• He said to be careful to not touch them
• Theudas said how great he was and bragging how great he was (got 400 people to follow him)
  • Him and all his people were killed
  • Same thing happened to this mentioned Judas of Galilee
• These people claimed that they had some new revelation and were some prophet
• The Pharisee said if it was man made, then what the apostles were doing would come to nothing
• THE LAW ABIDING PHARISEE wouldn’t warn people to not touch those that don’t follow the law
  • If they were preaching against the law of God, then the Pharisee and everyone else would be after them
  • This is to say that the apostles WERE preaching the law of Moses
  • Why would A STRONG ADVOCATE OF THE LAW, be gentle to those that aren’t?
    • Answer: he wouldn’t

• Stephen was a christian
• They were coming to debate Stephen from different schools and synagogues
• They couldn’t beat him though in the debate, then they lied on him
  • Speaking against Moses means the Law of Moses
  • These WERE THE ENEMIES OF THE APOSTLES!

• False witnesses=liars
• This means stephen was teaching the opposite of going against the law
• It was the enemies that did this to slander the apostles
  • They came up the doctrine that the apostles were against the apostles
  • Modern day christians have sided with the enemy
• Verse 14 is what modern day christians teach; but this is what the enemy taught

• Paul’s vision
  • Jesus told him to rise and go to damascus
• Paul was temporarily blinded by Jesus
• The man was devout according to the law, he was a christian
  • Jesus sent Paul to this guy to restore his vision and baptize him
• This is all Paul describing the vision

• Ananias was a disciple. That is, he believes in Jesus
  • He was also a devout man according to the law in Acts 22

• Luke speaks about Paul and his companions.
• Paul was rushing to be there for Pentecost
  • He was doing this BECAUSE IT WAS A COMMANDMENT BY GOD
  • This was MANDATORY!

• He disagreed with them because he MUST KEEP THE FEAST
• If it doesn’t matter and is optional, why did he NEED to go?

• Paul on his travels to Rome (Italy)
• Luke is talking about a fast Paul and everyone took part in

• Day of Atonement is the fast they were keeping

• Paul kept day of atonement

• The Day of Atonement prevented him from giving advice.

• Paul is observing a day that is all about sacrifices
• They didn’t understand it the way that Jesus was the atonement for this.
• Paul is doing a law pertaining to the Law of Moses

• STATUTE FOR EVER!
• Afflict your souls…?

• Paul was not doing away with the law

• Luke is narrating his travels with Paul
• Paul is letting the apostles know what he has done.
  • Thousands of Jews believe (in Jesus) and they are very passionate about the law
  • These don’t conflict!
• Verse 21 is a lie that there were told
  • This was started by the enemy of christianity
• These Jews had a bone to pick with Paul
  • James is providing a solution
  • The purpose of this vow was to prove Paul’s innocence
    • To prove the rumors were wrong
• It was to provide two things
  • Prove that Paul keeps the Law of Moses
  • And that the rumors were a lie
• This also implies that James and the rest of the apostles kept the law
• How would these Jews convert against something that they were ENTHUSIASTIC about??
  • Answer: they didn’t
• This shows that the two are compatible
• Paul is partaking in the sacrificial law

Disclaimer: I'm bringing it here before any shutdown of AMH because lately, there's random stuff being posted there and a lack of control.

• Fox Film and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer were planning to merge before being called off.

• Warner Bros Pictures, Inc. called off a merger with Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation.

• Suitors including what would become Associated Artists Pictures had been bidding for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's back catalog. MGM would eventually enter the TV market themselves.

• Associated Artists Pictures almost closed a deal to buy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's shorts library (including the Tom and Jerry shorts) but shut it down due to the (unspecified) price tag.

• National Telefilm Associates announced plans to buy Associated Artists Pictures, which at this point was a subject of litigation. It would be United Artists who would buy them.

• 20th Century Fox and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer considered merging.

• Orion Pictures looked at buying Embassy Pictures and Allied Artists before settling in on Filmways.
• Warner Communications tried in July to buy back the rights to Metro-Goldwyn-MayeUnited Artists' pre-1950 WB library for the first time. The negotiations fell apart because of dozens of unresolved points, probably relating to the oldest Warner Bros. films. The second time was successful 14 years later with the Turner merger.

• Reliance Insurance attempted to take over Disney.

• Turner attempted to take over the Columbia Broadcasting System for $5.4 billion.
• Viacom was looking to buy 50% of MGM/UA from Turner.

• Carolco Pictures attempted to buy Orion Pictures and Media Home Entertainment.
• NBC considered buying the Turner Broadcasting System.

• MCA offered to buy Disney.
• Bill Cosby tried to buy a stake in NBC.
• Jim Henson attempted to merge his company with The Walt Disney Company for $150 million.
• Before Time Warner, Paramount Communications, which just rose up from Gulf+Western planned to merge with Time Inc before the latter went with Warner Communications.
• Viacom itself even planned to merge with Gulf+Western, 5 years before making a full-on successful buyout.
• Viacom was even in talks with MCA Inc., the owner of Universal Studios, according to the same article.
• Ted Turner somehow tried to repurchase Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, this time including the United Artists side.
  • News Corporation, which also owned 20th Century Fox, also bid for MGM/UA.
  • Qintex (which would later become Seven Media) also planned to buy MGM/UA for A$1.5 billion.

• In March, Brøderbund ended merger talks with Sierra On-Line, and given that date, it most likely started plans in the previous year.
• Turner's New Line Cinema looked into buying Orion, which the interests of Republic Pictures, Savoy Pictures, the American Broadcasting Company, and Polygram would also follow.

• MCA and Hallmark were originally the buyers for Hanna-Barbera but got outbid by Turner, which merged with Time Warner.

• In September, QVC tried a hostile $9.6 billion bid for Paramount Communications before a lawsuit came in, and lost to a $9.85 billion bid from Viacom in February.

• Bell Atlantic planned to buy Tele-Communications Inc. for $33 billion. TCI would later head for AT&T 5 years later.
• Time Warner Communications tried to buy NBC from General Electric for $2 to 2.5 billion.

• News Corporation, MCA, Time Warner Communications and Cinergi placed bids for Carolco Pictures before Le Studio Canal+ took over.
• Brøderbund bid for the original The Learning Company, before SoftKey bought them and adopted their name. They would buy Brøderbund in 1998.

• Before fatefully settling its eyes upon Sierra On-Line and Davidson & Associates (Blizzard, Animation Magic, and Knowledge Adventure), Comp-U-Card International, or more unfortunately named, CUC's Walter Forbes had considered a larger company that consisted of not just Sierra and Davidson, but also Brøderbund and LucasArts.
• After having Broadway Video's family library for dinner, Golden Books planned to buy out Nelvana.
• Microsoft nearly acquired Davidson & Associates (Blizzard) on the first try, but they lost to Comp-U-Card. In December 1997, CUC merged with HFS, and the new company was renamed Cendant, which would suffer a big accounting scandal.
• British Telecom, who owned a partial stake since 1994, bid $22 billion for MCI.
• For a year, Polygram attempted to buy out Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Samuel Goldwyn.
  • News Corporation and Morgan Creek also bid for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

• GTE, which eventually merged with Bell Atlantic to become Verizon 3 years later, bid $28 billion for MCI. Eventually, Worldcom kicked in.
• GoodTimes Interactive planned to buy MicroProse for $250 million before letting Hasbro Interactive take it in. Coincidentally, both GoodTimes AND Hasbro Interactive would be bought out by Infogrames (later Atari SA) in 1999 and 2001, respectively.
• Epic Pictures had offers to be bought by Artisan, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and Disney before PolyGram succeeded to buy it. PolyGram would eventually sell it to Metro-Goldwyn-MayeOrion over a year later.

• Microsoft tried to acquire Davidson & Associates (Blizzard) for the second time from Cendant, but they were beaten by Havas, which was owned by Vivendi.
• Viacom's Paramount Pictures offered to buy French art house studio CiBy 2000 for 500 million francs, or roughly $80 million in USD. The founder's widow, however, refused, and the catalog was dispersed between TF1, MK2, and several companies. Thirty-two years later, Paramount would get almost half of an indie film studio: Miramax.

• MCI Worldcom tried to buy Sprint for $129 billion. After a 2001 scandal, Worldcom (name since 2000) was renamed to MCI Inc., which would get bought by Verizon in 2006. Sprint merged with T-Mobile US 14 years after MCI went to Verizon.
• Global Crossing offered to buy US West for $37 billion before Qwest outbid them. Coincidentally, the rest seems to have been a big wave of all coming together, as Global Crossing (after a bankruptcy in 2002) would get bought by Level 3 in 2011, which itself would be bought in 2016 by CenturyLink WHO MERGED with Qwest back in 2010.
• Artisan Entertainment and Canal+ were speculated to pick up PolyGram Filmed Entertainment.
• Two years before the release of the Xbox, Microsoft approached Nintendo about buying them. The deal was that they would make the hardware for Nintendo, but the latter's executives "laughed their asses off."
  • They also tried to buy Squaresoft, Electronic Arts, and Midway around this time.
• CanWest Global attempted to acquire NetStar (which consisted of TSN and Discovery Canada), but was vetoed by ESPN. CTV would eventually buy it.
• Francis Ford Coppola planned to buy United Artists from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

• Activision and partial owner Nintendo bid for Rareware until Microsoft bought them out 2 years later.
• Netflix offers to be bought by Blockbuster for $50 million, but they decline.
• Warner Music Group tried to buy British music label EMI for $20 billion but canceled the merger after pressure. Info here. After EMI's bankruptcy in 2011, Warner would buy Parlophone from it for $765 million, about 40% of EMI's record label.

• Sesame Workshop was put up for sale, with speculated buyers being Viacom, AOL Time Warner, The Walt Disney Company, and Classic Media.
  • The Jim Henson Company was also up for sale to The Walt Disney Company, Viacom, HIT Entertainment, AOL Time Warner, Haim Saban, and Classic Media.
• Chris-Craft (involved in the United Paramount Network) offered to be bought by Viacom for $3.1 billion until News Corp came in.
• Before NBC came in, the bidders of Telemundo were Viacom, The Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation (later absorbed into Univision), The Walt Disney Company, and AOL Time Warner.

• Viacom and USA Network were originally speculated to buy Fox Family Worldwide before it was sold by News Corp to The Walt Disney Company.

• Emtv tried to sell The Muppets to Sesame Workshop and ClassicMedia.
• Before Lionsgate took the shot, Marvel and Miramax were placing a bid to pick up Artisan.
• Viacom, Liberty Media Corp, News Corporation, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and Barry Diller were also bidding to buy Universal Studios and its theme parks.

• Comcast tried to buy Disney for $66 billion.
• Take-Two Interactive Software considered buying Vivendi Universal Games for $1 billion, which was below what Vivendi Universal wanted. Vivendi Games, after its parent company stripped itself of Universal Studios to make NBC Universal, would merge with Activision Publishing four years later to create Activision Blizzard, now part of Microsoft.
• In June, an unnamed financier offered $10 million for TheFacebook, the first of many attempts over the next three years.
  • Friendster also offered to buy them, according to documents seen by SAI Global.
  • A couple of Google execs visited Facebook's office to see if there was a way to work with Zuckerberg or perhaps even buy his company.
• 2 years after Kirk Kerkorian put Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer up for sale, Time Warner emerged as a bidder for the studio. The bid wasn't unexpected, as Ted Turner was the largest shareholder. After all, his Turner Entertainment Group had risen to success through its ownership of the pre-May 1986 library, which had been acquired by the bidder when they merged with Turner eight years prior.
• Casey-Werner was looking to sell itself to a large media company but would later decide against selling. The potential suitors were General Electric/Vivendi's NBC Universal and the first incarnation of Viacom, which owned CBS.
• Channel 4 considered merging with Channel 5 for nine months before calling it off. Five would later get bought by RTL Group.

• Viacom offered to buy out TheFacebook for $75 million; the deal would have Mark Zuckerburg earn $35 million "on the spot".
  • MySpace's CEO Chris DeWolfe also visited Mark and his team to buy them.
  • NBC Universal's NBC execs stopped by "for a peek" this year.
  • In the fall, Mark Zuckerberg flew to New York to meet with Viacom CEO Tom Freston. Tom would pitch all sorts of synergies to Mark between MTV and Facebook.
• Before creating an alliance consisting of Pandemic Studios and BioWare, Elevation Partners planned to buy out Eidos Interactive before SCi (no, not Sony Computer Interactive) stepped in and bought them in May. The Pandemic and BioWare alliance would get bought by Electronic Arts 2 years later, with the former studio shutting down two years later.
• Five months before Viacom purchased Dreamworks SKG, there were rumors that NBC Universal would buy the then-independent studio for $2.5 billion. Dreamworks Pictures already used Universal's film distribution and home entertainment divisions to distribute their products.

• In January, News Corporation's Ross Levinsohn wanted to buy Facebook but was worried the deal might not keep up its growth.
  • Viacom sent the company a $1.5 billion offer--$800 million in cash up front, the rest a payout later. In this case, it's said it "almost sold."
  • In June, Yahoo! offered $1 billion, only to... lower it to $850 million after announcing horrible Q2 earnings.
    • In the fall, they suggested they would pay $1 billion or more.
  • In the middle of the year, AOL's CEO Johnathan Miller wanted to buy the company, convincing Time Inc.'s CEO to come in on the deal they took to their parent company Time Warner. A detailed plan would have AOL sell MapQuest and Tegic, while Time Inc. would sell IPC. Together, they'd offer $1 billion-plus.
• At least according to the YouTuber Hook: before Google came in, the bidders for YouTube were News Corporation, Microsoft, Yahoo!, and even Viacom, the last of which, after the Google purchase, would coldly claim YouTube infringed copyright, losing in the long end, and, after a CEO change, bought VidCon.
• In November, National Transcommunications Limited (or NTL for short) approached ITV plc with a merger bid. However, it would get blocked when British Sky Broadcasting (now Sky UK) bought roughly 18% of ITV for £940 million ($117.3 million in US dollars).
  • RTL Group, who owned Channel 5 at the time, also bid at one point; the plan would have seen RTL acquiring Sky's stake in ITV plc (with the aim of further acquisitions of shares in the future) in exchange for BSkyB taking full control of Channel 5.

• Google offered to buy Facebook.
  • Microsoft also offered to buy a small stake in the platform at a $15 billion valuation, then have the option, every six months, to buy another 5 percent. The complete takeover would've been well within five to seven years. While it never happened, they did buy 1.6% of the company for about $250 million, a deal which set their value at $15 billion.

• A reverse merger deal between DHX Media and Entertainment One was considered.
• Microsoft offered to buy Yahoo! for $47.5 billion until the latter let Google display its ads on the site.
• There were later debunked rumors of Viacom buying Take-Two Interactive, around the time of the next one:
• Electronic Arts even tried to buy Take-Two Interactive until September.
• France Télécom (present-day Orange) planned to buy Swedish telco TeliaSonera for $40 billion, but both could not come to an agreement.
• Square Enix planned to buy Tecmo, but the latter insisted on a merger of equals with Koei.

• Lionsgate announced plans on February 1 to buy Summit Entertainment, but 2 days later, the plans fell through. Lionsgate would end up purchasing Summit in 2012.
• Before Comcast came in, Time Warner and News Corporation were originally interested in buying NBC Universal from General Electric and Vivendi.
• News Corporation, Time Warner, Amir Malin's Qualia Capital, and Lionsgate Entertainment were bidding for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Holdings during its bankruptcy. Time Warner already owned the pre-May 1986 MGM library, had enough cash reserves, and co-produced the Hobbit films with the studio. News Corporation's 20th Century Fox, meanwhile, was Metro Goldwyn Mayer's home entertainment distributor at the time.

• News Corporation made a plan for the takeover of British Sky Broadcasting (already owning 39.1% until then) in June for 700 pounds per share for the remaining 60.9% shares until two turning points came: the removal of regulatory approval from Vincent Cable in December, and the more infamous 2011 News of the World phone hacking incident, which caused the bid to fall to its face.
• In a part 2, two more bidders, Reliance Entertainment (about $1.8 billion) and Relativity Media (about $1.6 billion) went onboard for MGM Holdings. But by November 3rd, MGM Holdings filed bankruptcy and emerged almost a month later when the Federal Bankruptcy Court approved the reorganization plan.

• AT&T tried to buy T-Mobile US for $39 billion.
• Hulu found itself in an unsolicited offer that was said to involve Google and Yahoo!. Ultimately, none of the bidders offered an amount satisfactory to its owners.
• World Wrestling Entertainment and the UFC were in separate talks to buy G4 until UFC went into a deal with Fox and WWE built its network.
• Before Mattel chipped in, the other bidders planning to buy HiT Entertainment from Apax Partners were The Walt Disney Company, the second incarnation of Viacom, rival Hasbro, ClassicMedia (which would be bought by Dreamworks Animation, which is now a Comcast company), Chorion, and Saban Brands.

• CBS was also rumored to buy Sony Pictures from Sony.

• Facebook's Instagram attempted to buy Snapchat for $3 billion in cash due to the latter's introduction of Stories. 3 years later, Instagram made their own Stories.
• Yahoo! considered buying either Netflix or Hulu until they fatefully decided upon Tumblr for $1.1 billion.
  • DirecTV and Time Warner also bid for Hulu.
• Time Warner was stated to be one of the buyers of THQ until its bankruptcy in the same year, followed by Nordic Games buying its trademark in 2014.
  • ZeniMax Media also made a $26.3 million bid for THQ's Relic Entertainment before Sega came in.
• Dish Network considered buying Sprint for $25.5 billion.
• RTL Group's Fremantle attempted to buy out All3Media.
• Microsoft was negotiating to purchase HTC, a fact revealed by former Nokia chairman Risto Siilasmaa during an interview with the Helsingin Sanomat, or Hesari. Microsoft would later buy Nokia's mobile phone business that year.
  • On the topic of mobile phones, Lenovo planned to buy Blackberry Limited, but the Canadian government blocked the deal due to security concerns because prominent members of governments around the world have used Blackberries themselves. They would later buy Motorola Mobility from Google in January 2014 for $2.91 billion.

• 21st Century Fox offered an $80 billion bid for Time Warner, but a potential CNN spinoff was one of the reasons why it became unattractive and fell.
• Hasbro planned to buy DreamWorks Animation to form Hasbro-Dreamworks, two years before Comcast went in.
  • SoftBank was also planning to buy Dreamworks Animation for $3.4 billion.
• Comcast tried to buy Time Warner Cable for $45.2 billion but faced a ton of madness to the point of abandonment.
• BT, ITV plc, Channel 4, Comcast (through NBCUniversal), Endemol, Time Warner, Viacom, Scripps Network Interactive, Saban Capital Group, and a joint bid of BSkyB and Discovery Communications were all bidders reportedly interested in acquiring Channel 5. Viacom won.

• There were some fears of Yahoo! buying Dailymotion from Orange, which were soon quelled by Vivendi's purchase of the site.
• Apple had considered buying TimeWarner.

• Before Viacom bought Telefe from Telefonica, Time Warner and the Cisneros Group were bidding for the network.
• 21st Century Fox tried a $32.5 billion bid for Sky until they were bought by Disney. Comcast eventually kicked in and bought Sky.
• Vivendi attempted a bid to buy out Ubisoft for $6.4 billion before ending the hostile takeover bid 2 years later. Today, Ubisoft is partially owned by Tencent.
• Disney somehow planned to merge with Time Warner before AT&T went into negotiations.
• Activision Blizzard's CEO Bobby Kotick somehow considered buying TimeWarner before AT&T took it.
• National Amusements sends a letter to both CBS Corporation and Viacom asking them to merge back. It's declined... for now.
• ITV plc placed a £1 billion ($1.3 billion USD) offer to buy eOne, which they rejected. Hasbro bought them for $4 billion in 2019.
• The Walt Disney Company planned to buy Twitter but decided not because there were a substantial amount of bots.
  • Microsoft, Salesforce, and Google were also said to bid for Twitter.
• Viacom tried to sell a stake of Paramount Pictures to Dalian Wanda, but it fell through, thankfully.
• Spotify was rumored to be looking into buying SoundCloud. It would be complementary as Spotify targets signed artists, and SoundCloud targets indies.

• 22 companies comprising but not limited to Viacom, Miramax, Ronald Wayne Burkle's Yucaipa, Lionsgate, A&E, Sony, and MGM all placed bids for The Weinstein Company.
• Viacom was going to take in Scripps Networks Interactive before Discovery Communications came through with a $12 billion outbid.
• Comcast, Sony, and Verizon were the other bidders for 21st Century Fox's assets. Comcast's bid persisted until July 2018, leaving it to The Walt Disney Company in March 2019.
• Tribune Media announced its sale to Sinclair Broadcast Group, but 15 months later, they were sued for a breach of contract. They would merge with future CW majority owner Nexstar Media Group for $4.1 billion.
• Hasbro attempted to buy Lionsgate.

• Viacom, CBS (both would re-merge in 2019), Verizon, Comcast, Amazon (later would buy MGM in 2022), Sony, and Hasbro again were speculated to buy Lionsgate, and there were rumors that a combined CBS-Viacom would buy out the studio, with Vice Chairman Michael Burns implying in an interview with CNBC that Lionsgate, CBS, and Viacom all merge.
• Google was eyeing Epic Games before starting their own cloud service called "Project Stream", later named Stadia, which lasted until 2023.
• Endeavor, All3Media, ITV plc, DHX Media, Lionsgate, Sony Pictures, and Fremantle were all in the running for Endemol Shine Group. Banijay would merge with them two years later.

• Univision was speculated to be bought by ViacomCBS in articles like this, before Televisa (sort of) came in 2 years later, to form TelevisaUnivision.
• Before Viacom re-merged with CBS, there were rumors of the latter entity buying Starz from Lionsgate.
• Before ViacomCBS kicked in, the bidders for a 50% stake in Miramax were the second incarnation of Viacom, Lionsgate (which had the home video rights to Miramax, at least in the United States), and Spyglass Media Group, who had been the owner of The Weinstein Company's library a year ago. Spyglass was the first to exit talks, followed by Lionsgate a month later. After two months, Viacom went out of the discussion until the re-merge with CBS Corporation meant they would resume buyout talks with Miramax.
• ViacomCBS was also speculated to buy Discovery pre-announcement of the Warner Bros Discovery deal two years later.
• Continuing on with the post-merger 'nundrum, ViacomCBS was also rumored to buy Sony Pictures and even Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
• Xerox planned until 2020 to buy out Hewlett-Packard for $33.5 (later $35.0 in the second bid) billion. Hewlett-Packard indicated it would make its counteroffer for Xerox.

• Microsoft not only (and this was very publicized) tried to buy Tiktok, but almost tried to buy out Capcom, Nintendo, and even Warner Bros. Games.
• Apple and Netflix were rumored to buy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
• Take-Two Interactive was going to buy Codemasters for $994 million and assign it under 2K, before being trumped by Electronic Arts with a billion-dollar bid.
• ViacomCBS initially planned to sell Simon and Schuster to Penguin Random House but ended up in a blockage two years later.
  • Before that announcement, News Corp (HarperCollins) and Vivendi (Editis) were said to be the other bidders for S&S.

• Comcast had some plans to buy Activision Blizzard, at least according to Puck.
• In a better-known attempt, they considered spinning off NBCUniversal and merging it with Electronic Arts, which sadly never materialized.
• Comcast was speculated to merge with ViacomCBS after the announcement of the Warner-Discovery deal, which would only get churned down to SkyShowtime for specific regions.
• Bagdasarian Productions has been reported to have put itself up for sale for about $300 million, with Paramount Global (who has home entertainment rights and Nickelodeon aired the latest show) being the most likely bidder.
• Microsoft was interested in acquiring Zynga before it was sold to Take-Two Interactive Software.
• Microsoft was also seriously planning to buy out some of over a hundred developers and nine publishers, and also considered Sega, Square Enix, and IO Interactive in an April 2021 slideshow given out this year's ruling by the FTC on ActivBliz.
• Lionsgate was planning for as long as into the next year to buy STX.

• Fox Corporation and News Corp were going to merge, only to get called off.
• There were the marathonical rumors of Apple, Disney, and even Amazon buying out Electronic Arts.
• The Washington Post was looking to buy Wordle before The New York Times Company became the buyer.

• Playtika tried to buy Rovio for $813 million before Sega Sammy took the helm.
• Comcast was speculated to buy out World Wrestling Entertainment before Endeavor Group came in.
  • They were also rumored to buy the remaining 67% of Hulu from The Walt Disney Company, until it became the other way around.
• Legendary, Fremantle, and GoDigital Media Group were bidding to buy Entertainment One from Hasbro until Lionsgate won the bidding.
• In the finale of the Simon and Schuster sale, the other bidder besides Kohlberg Kravis and Roberts was News Corp's HarperCollins.
• Paramount Global planned to sell BET to people including Byron Allen, Shaquille O'Neal, and 50 Cent, until deciding that the networks were a core asset.

Only knew Fck this one# HEADER

This question reminds me of a story of the Roman emperor Vespasian. One day, an inventor visited the emperor and showed him the blueprint of a mechanism that could transport columns and beams to a construction site quickly and without any manual labor. This brilliant machine could've kickstarted industrial revolution 1700 years before it actually happened. But much to the inventor's shock, Vespasian turned him down, saying “my people need jobs, our slaves need jobs. If the machine does all the work, our people will be jobless. Our slaves would get free time to organize themselves and would start revolts”.
Vespasian feared that the new technology was ‘economically worthless', as it would make people and slaves jobless and send the country into total chaos. In short, he was technologically shortsighted. The inability to foresee what technology could bring to his people in the long run pulled him down. He was deluded by the fragile nature of the economy and had no idea how to rebuild it if this revolutionary mechanism would be allowed to operate.
This was the reason why ancient Rome was never industrialized, despite having a lot of excellent inventors and engineers. Those in power were worried about the unemployment a sudden revolutionary idea would create and failed to accept how beneficial this would be for the people in the long run.
The reason for narrating this story is that it is remarkably similar to the dilemma mentioned in the question. Vespasian thought, “allocating resources to inventive technology instead of manual labor is economically worthless since people and slaves won't get lucrative jobs”.
Replace ‘manual labor' by ‘English' and ‘inventive technology' by ‘Malayalam', and you get our question.
“Allocating resources to English instead of Malayalam is economically worthless since people and slaves won't get lucrative jobs”.
Likewise, English persists as the language of official usage for most jobs not because Malayalam is incompetent or inefficient, but because the current ‘system' revolves around English. That makes Malayalam seem like a burden on students, with no economic worth. An engineer who does all his learning from foreign textbooks and uses English terminology has no lucrative use of Malayalam. A software developer who needs to know all computer-related terms in English has no use of Malayalam. The same goes for an accountant, a doctor, a clerk, and pretty much all ‘white collar' jobs you can think of. Even those who might benefit from learning Malayalam like historians or linguists might consider English infinitely more useful since most of the written books and research work on those fields are in English. There is enough reason for people to think that spending government resources for teaching Malayalam is worthless like how Vespasian thought that appreciating technology was worthless.
But time proved Vespasian wrong, although by sheer luck. Christianity replaced Paganism as the dominant religion in Europe. Since slavery is forbidden in Christianity, European kingdoms started banning it. Feudalism and class based labor also started declining as the plague wiped out significant fractions of each class and as the military shifted from armies to professional fighters, thereby weakening the nobility’s hold on power. With the lack of a powerful ruling class to impose and manage heavy manual labor, the stage was finally set for a technological revolution and the industrial revolution finally began in Europe, 1700 years after Vespasian.
Some of you might be doubtful of comparing the case of English vs Malayalam with manual labor vs automated machines. Are they even comparable in the first place?
Industrial revolution made life easier for people because it freed people from the heavy manual labor and made it possible for them to spend more time for their personal development. Likewise, teaching in Malayalam instead of English would make people engage more with their personal and cultural lives. Teaching lessons of science and history in English forbids Malayalis from using them in their lives. This is because these two languages are different at a fundamental level since they belong to two different language families. If you are a Malayalam speaker and you learn science and history in English, it'll be impossible for you to use them in your daily lives because you conceptualize the world around you in completely different ways while you speak or think in these two languages. In linguistics, this changing of cognitive metaphors while using different languages is known as code-switching.
Let me share my own experience. I studied in Malayalam medium in primary and high school. Hence my way of understanding science and history is through Malayalam's (or Dravidian) cognitive metaphors. Those who study in English or other related languages like German, Persian or Hindi would use the Indo-European cognitive metaphors. Once I started reading books in English, I started to realize how different these are.
Let us take time for example.
How an English speaker views time
Speakers of Indo-European languages like English and Hindi conceptualize time as a long line through which you move at a steady rate. Your past is the segment behind you and your future lies in front of you. Time is a one-dimensional straight line in Indo-European languages (the only exceptions are Italic and Hellenic branches. They see time as a growing volume instead of a long line).
This is why these languages describe the duration of events as either “long” or “short”, which represent the length of a line segment.
Consider the statement “I've been waiting for a long time”.
The italicised part, translated into different Indo-European languages would be:
English (Germanic) : “ long time”
Sanskrit (Indo-Aryan) : “dīrghakāla”
Hindi (Indo-Aryan) : “lambi der”
Persian (Iranian) : “moddat zamân tulâni”
Lithuanian (Baltic) : “ilgas laikas”
Irish (Celtic) : “tamall fada”
All those words indicated with bold letters are synonym for “long”. The same could be observed for events with less duration. All these languages use the adjective “short”, just as what you might expect from their way of perceiving time as a horizontal line.
Hence many words describing events associated with time like emotions in these languages are derived from roots that mean “long” or “short”. The English words “longing” (from ‘long') and “hope” (ultimately from Greek ‘kúptō' (to bend forward) ) are examples.
(By the way, there are two slightly different variants of the Indo-European concept of time. This video explains it beautifully with a riddle)
.
How a Malayalam speaker views time
Speakers of Dravidian languages like Malayalam have a much more sophisticated three-dimensional view of time. For Malayalis, the passage of time is vertically upwards, not to the front. Also, time isn't a single line here. Multiple vertical lines of progression of time arise from the two dimensional patches of land. In Malayalam, this two-dimensional ‘area' or patch of time is known as “pāḍu” (പാട്) which literally means “a bounded area” (hence the adjectives like “orupāḍu” and “appāḍe”). Related events that take place at a particular location are visualized as multiple vertical lines growing from that patch. A different place or a different person would be visualized as a different patch with its own vertical growths.
You have to be a Dravidian speaker to fully understand this. Imagine a set of events.
If it is the same event occurring over and over again, it is perceived as looping around a small vertical segment over and over again. In Malayalam language, this corresponds to the adjective ഒത്തിരി (ottiri) - literally “many turns/loops” (root ‘tiru' - turn/spin).
If that set of events represent a growing process or emotion, it is perceived as a line that grows vertically. In Malayalam, the adjective in this case is ഏറെ (ēṟe) - literally “climbing up/ascending” or വളരെ (vaḷare) -literally “growing upwards”.
If those events are concurrent yet different, they are perceived as multiple vertical growths originating from the same patch on the plane. In Malayalam, the adjective is ഒരുപാടു (orupāḍu) - literally “an area of” (‘pāḍu' - a bounded area).
If those events are completely independent, then they exist in different patches and the adjective പല (pala) is used.
In short, a Malayalam speaker has four different ways of translating something like “a long time”, depending on how the person spent that time. If they spent that time by counting sea waves, they might say “ottiri nēram”. If the time was spent, say, by building a sand castle, they might say “ēṟe nēram”, and if they were doing many different things, they might say “orupāḍu nēram”.
This is true in the case of other Dravidian languages as well. For example, in Kannada, the word ಪಿರಿ (piri) - heightened/advanced - (now mostly displaced by the loanword ಬಹಳ (bahaḷa)) would correspond to Malayalam “ēṟe” and ತುಂಬಾ (tumbā) - literally, a crowd of/amassed - would correspond to Malayalam “orupāḍu”. A Kannada speaker would say “bahaḷa samaya” for the time spent for building a sand castle and “tumbā samaya” for the time spent for doing multiple things
(However, in some Dravidian languages, this way of visualizing time has been replaced by the Indo-European linear time because of Sanskrit imperialism. But that is a different story.)
In short, as a Malayalam speaker, I conceptualize my entire life in front of me. My brain visualizes all the places I've been to and the people I've interacted with as different patches (pāḍu), each one having multiple vertical segments that grow or add a new one each time I visit again. However, when I speak or learn in English or Hindi, it is completely changed and I'm forced to visualize time and events to be part of a long line with my past behind me and my future in front of me. This switching of conceptual metaphors is known as code-switching in cognitive linguistics.
This means that I as a bilingual describe an event that happened the day before yesterday as “two days back” in English and “raṇḍụ nāḷ munpu” in Malayalam. Here, “munpu” means “frontside” and back means, backside. For an English speaker, the past lies as the line segment behind them (back), and for a Malayalam speaker, the past is a patch that is much further to the front than the one they are in at present. Notice how the concept of past flips completely with the change of language.
Think of English's concept of time as a long railway track with a train (representing the person) passing through it and Malayalam’s concept of time as a sugarcane field with multiple patches of land having a bunch of upwards growing stems.
The reason for describing all this is to highlight how different the perception of events are in these two languages. And remember that we have considered only time. Nearly all abstract concepts are visualized differently in unrelated languages. A Dravidian’s world is completely different from that of an Indo-European.
Now let us come back to the original question. What happens if a Malayalam speaker is given education only in English? The result is, they could never use the science and history they learn in their personal and cultural lives. Personal and cultural aspects would be pictured in one way and things that they learn at school would be visualized in the other way. This means that all those things would be useful only for earning money or doing research and they would be useless for their personal growth and the cultural development of the society.
In fact, this is exactly what is happening in Kerala now. All those highly educated people conceptualize the world in the Indo-European way thanks to being educated in English or sanskrit-imposed Malayalam while the common people view the world with the classic Dravidian metaphors. This stunts the growth in cultural, political, religious and scientific fileds in Kerala.
Not to mention that English's concept of time is much too simple and inefficient for describing things and when it comes to fields intricately connected to time like history or biological evolution, it often fails miserably. I recently wrote an an answer on how the public perception of evolution is incorrect and horribly misleading. In fact, the visualization of time as a simple long line is one of the reasons for this. This metaphor is much too simple to handle a complex probabilistic theory like evolution.
However, for someone who learned evolution in Malayalam, it would be a much more sophisticated process and it would be easier to visualize it without being misguided. Learning in Malayalam is much more efficient and productive in this case. I consider myself lucky for having had most of my schooling in Malayalam medium thanks to which I routinely apply the things I've learned in all aspects of my life.
So, to summarize,
Malayalam being economically worthless is a reality of the present, but it is not so because Malayalam is inefficient or unproductive in usage. As we saw here, educating in Malayalam is actually necessary for the learned things to be put into practice in life and society. It is just that the current system uses English and a total change would require nothing less than a revolution. Nevertheless, the cost of not educating kids in Malayalam is huge, as it leads to a stagnation in cultural, religious, political, and scientific aspects of Kerala.

This means that I as a bilingual describe an event that happened the day before yesterday as “two days back” in English and “raṇḍụ nāḷ munpu” in Malayalam. Here, “munpu” means “frontside” and back means, backside.

For example, in Kannada, the word ಪಿರಿ (piri) - heightened/advanced - (now mostly displaced by the loanword ಬಹಳ (bahaḷa)) would correspond to Malayalam “ēṟe” and ತುಂಬಾ (tumbā) - literally, a crowd of/amassed - would correspond to Malayalam “orupāḍu”. A Kannada speaker would say “bahaḷa samaya” for the time spent for building a sand castle and “tumbā samaya” for the time spent for doing multiple things

"Thank you again for your submission. You have an amazing foundation and the writing is lovely. But from a reader perspective, I found the overuse of italics to be distracting. The Chicago Manual of Style and APA have guidance on the use of italics in fiction writing, and generally say to use italics for emphasis (especially in dialogue). A great example of this is Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone is from a genre—upper middle grade fantasy—where the use of italics in dialogue is common.
As always, this is subjective and just my sole opinion. Other agents likely will differ, and you may have already secured an agent, so disregard my opinion.
So, I'm sorry. I will have to pass on this version. Should you ever revise in the future, and utilize interiority vs. italics for thoughts and deep POV, I'd be happy to consider again,
Thank you for considering me and best of luck with your future queries."

Components

• While both versions are made up of 6 large pieces, the locations of the planets and Alien Home Bases (now called Outposts) used to be in fixed spots. Now there are 15 holes to fit 16 possible Sectors (a trio of hexes), which can be a Planetary System, and alien Outpost, or empty.
• There used to be designated spots on the board for the friendship cards, and information on what is worth VP. That is now all off the board (on Overview Cards), only the VP tracker remains.
• The board is now also less symmetrical
• Colony sites used to be clearly marked with circles

• Green has been replaced with White. Green is now the 5th player color, in the Extension.
• Various game pieces have been renamed, I won't go over all of them, they all function the same. Except for...
• Transporters are now called Transport Ships. Each transporter looks different, their tip either had 1, 2, or 3 rings at the tip. THIS HAS GAMEPLAY SIGNIFICANCE, explained later. Each Transport Ship is now uniform in design.

• Resource Chips had a coloured dot on their backside: red, yellow, blue, white. Numbered discs now have shapes, 7 of them. Except the ones intended for the Catanian Colonies at the start, both use greek letters on the backs
• Resource Chips for the Catanian Colonies used to have two 6s, two 8s, and one of every other # (2-5, 9-12). Now the 2 is replaced with a 2/11 disc, and 12 replaced with 3/12.
• Friendship Chips used to be placed on the Alien Home Bases at setup. Now they are Friendship Markers (more like a mini standee of an alien), placed on Friendship Cards at start, which are off board now.
• A Pirate Base disc shows you need either 4, 5, or 6 Cannons to take it down. But back then, they showed 4, 5, and SEVEN! Yes, you would need the right Friendship Card from the Scientists to take down the strongest base.
• Fame Medals replace Fame Rings (see below), and no limit on how many you can have (besides what is in the supply). They are placed on one of your overview cards

• Very different looking, and less likely to break :)
• Boosters still attach to the bottom, but they used to attack closer to the fuselage, instead of the outer fins
• Freight Pods used to be Freight Rings, and wrapped around the fuselage/body of the Mothership
• The tip/nose of the Mothership used to have an antenna. This would hold up to 11 Fame Rings (now Fame Medals), and have a Cap in a player's colour. The Cap was replaced with a coloured sticker that goes on the bottom of the Mothership.
• The inside of the Mothership had only 4 beads: Black, Blue, Yellow, and Red. Today, a 2nd Yellow bead is added by default, and Orange replaced Red, for a total of 5 beads.

• Fame for Sale: It used to be you can use this if you have less than 6 Fame Rings. This restriction was removed, but now you can only buy 1 Fame Medal per turn.
• Helping Hand: Your opponent merely had to have more VP than you, for you to steal from them. But now, you also can't be in 1st or 2nd place, to steal.

Set-Up

• Starting Set-up for Beginners is now less symmetrical. Everyone also starts with a free Booster
• Advanced Set-up: Originally done in 3 rounds. Each round, you may place either a Colony OR a Spaceport. If you place a Spaceport, you also place your starting Colony Ship or Trade Ship next to it. You get 1 Spaceport and 2 Colonies. Today, it is done in 4 rounds. Round 1), 2), and 3) Place Colony; Round 4) Convert a Colony into a Spaceport. Place a Colony Ship or Trade Ship next to it. Then take one of the available free upgrades, consisting of 2 Boosters, 1 Cannon, 1 Freight Pod (or whatever is left).
• The Extension changes Set-Up even further, but I won't go into detail here.

Production Phase

• You only take 1 resource from the Reserve Pile if you have less than 9VP (8VP or less). Rulebook presents taking 2 resources if less than 7VP as a VARIANT. Now, you must take 2 resources from the Reserve Pile if you have 4-7VP, and 1 resource at 8 or 9VP
• Rolling 7: After discarding if over 7 resources, and after whoever rolled 7 steals from another player, every player (except whoever rolled) takes 1 resource from the Reserve Pile, in turn order. Then whoever rolled can take from the Reserve Pile, if their VP total entitles them to free resources.

Flight Phase

• Whichever Transporter (on the board) has the fewest rings at their tip is declared the "First Ship". It is the only ship that can be affected by an Encounter Card (like if it was Sabotaged, or do a Space Jump). This concept was done away with, since all Transport Ships are identical. Now a player may choose which ship is Sabotaged, or does a Space Jump.
• DiscoveExplore: When your ship is next to a planet, a player is allowed to peek at the Resource Chip. Resource Chips are only permanently revealed when a Colony is establish next to it. If it is a Pirate Base or Ice Planet, it remains hidden until you have the correct amount of Cannons or Freight Rings to deal with it. Today, as soon as your ship touches a planet, ALL 3 number discs are flipped. If it is a Pirate Base or Ice Planet, replace with the larger matching Special Token (VP symbol on the back)
• Hidden Sectors: You can also play with sectors face down. They are flipped when a ship touches one (and then number discs are added if needed)
• Pirate Base/Ice Planet: When you have enough Cannons or Freight Pods, you can take the chip/token. It is worth 1VP. Then, replace with a spare Resource disc, with white dot facing up. Or, replace with space Number Disc (with 2 half circles on back), and then flip right away to reveal.
• Alien Home Bases used to take up a single hex on the edge of the board. 5 of their corners were Outposts Intersections, number 1-5 (the 6th corner didn't exist). Trade Ships had to land on the lowest #'d corner that was free (if they had the correct amount of Freight Rings). Alien Outposts now take up 3 hexes (like a Planetary Sector), and the destination (Docking Point) for a Trade Ship is in the middle. Then the ship is moved to an empty Dock, those aren't numbered. Still need the correct # of Freight Pods, ofcourse. Outposts are free to be in many possible locations
• 3 Player Game: While both games limit the outer Sectors to 2 Colonies, the remake suggests putting the 4th, unused colour in the remaining Colony Site.

Four Grand juries made up of randomly chosen citizens determined there is enough evidence to indict Donald Trump, and one criminal trial is now in progress.

Four Grand juries made up of randomly chosen citizens determined there is enough evidence to indict Donald Trump, and one criminal trial is now in progress.