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While precious metals are on most investors’ radar more or less of the time, others sneak up on the markets. We went through lithium cobalt, etc, and while those commodities are still maintaining a level of interest and robustness, the latest interest has developed in Uranium. Therefore, an example of a decent player in the sector is warranted. The choice is Generation Uranium Inc. (the “Company” or “Generation”) (TSXV: GEN).
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Here is the CORPORATE PRESENTATION for those who want a quick fix.
For context, this is one of many price forecasts for a metal at the forefront of a commodity that is becoming scarcer. I suggest the numbers below are conservative.
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Giant Cameco (CCO) states these reasons for the growing need for Uranium.

• The first is to lift one-third of the global population from energy poverty by growing clean and reliable baseload electricity.
• Second, 85% of the current global electricity grids that run on thermal power should be replaced with a clean, reliable alternative.
• Finally, the goal is to grow global power grids by electrifying industries, such as private and commercial transportation and home and industrial heating, primarily powered by thermal energy today.

Big Uranium picture– supply/demand;
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Now that we have set the context let’s talk about GENERATION uranium. Since this is an intro piece, I will likely lift some stuff from the website. This will provide a basis for ongoing development as we progress in future pieces. As you can see, the area is the ‘box’ for Canadian uranium mining. At the lower portion of the Athabasca, the impressive Skyharbour Resources (SYH.V) holds large and prolific projects.
Gens’ wholly-owned Yath Project is located in the prolific and underexplored Thelon Basin in Nunavut, Canada. It is situated along the trend from the 43 million lbs Lac 50 uranium deposit being advanced by Latitude Uranium, a company currently being acquired by ATHA Energy Corp for an all-share acquisition valued at CAD 64.7M.

• Stable Mining Jurisdiction
• Strategic Land Position
• High-Grade Historic Results
• Near-term Drill Target Potential
• Extensive Historical Work
• Surrounded by Latitude and Atha Energy
• Unconformity & Beaverlodge Deposit Targets

There are significant mines in the area that add to the potential of GEN;
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On March. 20,2024, GEN announced drilling would commence on its Yath project.
Gen also announced that the inaugural exploration program on its self-same Yath project will begin on its 85km², 8,500-ha property located in the Thelon Basin in Nunavut, Canada. Due to strong historical sampling and anticipated long-term elevated world spot uranium pricing due to favourable supply and demand dynamics, the Company anticipates expending significant capital resources into the basin in 2024.
“With high-grade historic results and extensive historical work, the Company is anticipated to resume additional field exploration in the coming weeks at Yath to better decipher the near-term drill target potential of known uranium mineralization. Generation believes in the untapped potential at Yath, as adequate diamond drilling was never conducted as a consequence of the downturn in uranium prices subsequent to the Fukushima nuclear incident”.
Generation Uranium as a proxy is quite simple. The Company doesn’t own dozens of disparate properties but has decided to be more direct. It holds an option to acquire a 60% interest in and to the Arlington Property, located within the Arrow Boundary District of south-central British Columbia, and a 100% interest in the Yath Uranium Project, located in the Territory of Nunavut.
The stats for the Yath project look impressive enough to warrant a position as a growth stock and a proxy for the scarcity of Uranium.
No matter the makeup of uranium-generated power, it will always be ‘clean and green’ or grey or…well, you get the point.

Hello everyone,
I'm currently trying to break into Product Management and I've been struggling to get interviews. I would greatly appreciate any advice or feedback on what I might be doing wrong 😞
I am a former music producer who discovered how difficult it is for music creators to make a living and decided to build a startup to counter this. My role was CEO, but it was essentially a product manager role since I was responsible for the product.
At my startup, I was involved in every aspect of the product development lifecycle. I identified problems and needs within the music industry, created innovative solutions, and validated product ideas through market research and user testing. For example, I led the development of an innovative music service focused on giving artists more control and creating a direct connection with fans. I conducted extensive market research and user interviews to ensure our product met user needs and adapted our vision based on feedback.
I also have experience in customer insights and market analysis. I collected and analyzed data to identify patterns and trends, which informed our product development and marketing strategies.
As a leader, I managed a diverse team of developers, marketers and designers. By setting clear goals, giving constructive feedback, and fostering a positive and inclusive work environment, I got really appreciated as a leader. It created a culture of continuous improvement, encouraging my team to suggest and implement process improvements.
It might be a result of me not knowing what I don't know, but I feel confident in my skills and are dying to get my hands dirty with a new product.
Brief Background:

• Most recent role (transitional job): Store Manager at a Men's Fashion Store.
• Previous Experience: Product Manager and co-founder at an AI Tech-Startup, CEO of a Music Production Company, Product Developer & UX Designer for a Dog Marketplace.
• Education: University Degree and High School Diploma in Music Production.

Press here to view my resume
So my questions to you guys are:

1. Why am I not getting PM interviews?
2. Am I missing something crucial that PM recruiters look for?
3. Is there something wrong with my CV?
4. Is my education background a disadvantage?

My goals are to secure PM interviews, learn areas for improvement to become more attractive for PM roles, and ultimately land a job as a Product Manager. Any insights or suggestions on how I can improve my chances of landing PM interviews would be incredibly helpful.
Thank you for your time and assistance <3
My resume

Mongol warriors take Grand Prince Mstislav III Romanovich of Kiev into captivity.
A tumultuous discussion raged in the hall of Mstislav III “The Old” Romanovich, the Grand Prince of Kiev, in March 1223. An embassy of Turkic-speaking Polovtsian nomads humbly stood before the throne of the Russian prince. The embassy had arrived earlier in the day bearing rich gifts that included a bounty of gold and silver, exotic fabrics from the East, and slave girls.
They also bore news of disturbing developments on the steppe lands to the south. They reported that a large Mongol army had passed through the Caucasus Mountains several years earlier. During their march through the mountains, the Mongols had defeated the Georgians. They emerged into the Russian steppe where they had been encamped with no sign of leaving any time soon. During that time, the Mongols had also routed several Polovtsian tribes.The Mongol victory over the Georgians and several Polovtsian tribes had been so thorough that it unnerved Khan Kotyan, one of the senior Polovtsian khans in the delegation. He appealed directly to Mstislav Romanovich for military assistance against the Mongols. While the grand prince was considering the request, shouting erupted among the nobles of his court and his generals.
The uproar was a negative reaction to the request given that the Polovtsians were traditional enemies of the Russians. Their frequent raids had caused extensive destruction throughout southern Russia. Many of Mstislav Romanovich’s nobles had lost kin fighting the Polovtsians. Neither the grand prince nor his advisors were familiar with the Mongols and, therefore, it was difficult for them to judge the severity of the threat. Although some of those present were all too glad to hear about the misfortunes that had befallen the Polovtsians, Mstislav Romanovich knew it was important to examine the situation from all angles before making a decision.
The sexagenarian grand prince was a veteran of the dynastic intrigues and internecine wars that embroiled Kievan Rus. Once the dominant power in medieval Russia, by the beginning of the 13th century Kievan Rus had disintegrated into a number of squabbling principalities. Upon the death of a ruler succession often went not to his sons as it traditionally had, but to his brothers. This resulted in clannish struggles that pitted brothers against uncles. Princes ruling small principalities constantly maneuvered to take control of bigger, richer, and more prestigious ones.
After some consolidation, a dozen principalities emerged. The two most prestigious and powerful of them, centered on the cities of Kiev and Vladimir, were titled grand principalities and their rulers were called grand princes. Other substantial principalities were Novgorod in the north, Galicia-Volhynia in the south, and Smolensk and Chernigov in the center.
Genghis Khan’s empire rested on a firm administrative foundation that ensured longevity.
Bordering Russian territory in the south was an extensive steppe land north of the Black Sea known as the Wild Field, which stretched from the Dniester River in the west to the Don River in the east. The most powerful of the numerous nomadic tribes in the region were the Polovtsians. They occupied the lands from north of the Black Sea to the Aral Sea. There was certainly a precedent of making alliances with the Polovtsians, for Russian princes often enlisted their assistance against their rivals. Indeed, Russian princes frequently married pretty Polovtsian princesses, who upon marriage converted to Christianity. The intermarriage flowed only one way, though, for no Russian prince would allow his daughter to marry a shamanistic nomad.
One such matrimonial union for political purposes was that of a daughter of Khan Kotyan to Prince Mstislav “The Lucky” Mstislavovich, a ruler of the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia in modern-day Ukraine. The principality was the result of a union between the neighboring provinces of Galich and Volyn. Prince Mstislav of Galicia was an experienced, well-respected, and widely feared war leader who had proven himself in the Kipchak Wars. His protégé was young Prince Daniel Romanovich of Volyn, a famous warrior in his own right. Although the Grand Principality of Kiev was nominally senior to Galicia-Volhynia, Mstislav did not hold himself junior to his namesake, who was jealous and cautious of the other man’s reputation.
Even though Khan Kotyan was related to Mstislav of Galicia by marriage and could count on at least some military assistance from his son-in-law, it was a shrewd move to turn to Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev first. Not only were the lands of Kiev closer to a possible Mongol invasion, but such a display of deference was sure to play to Mstislav Romanovich’s vanity and desire to enhance his reputation as a great warrior.
Although Mstislav Romanovich decided to assist the Polovtsians, he met fierce resistance from his nobles. Many of the nobles vehemently opposed aiding the Polovtsians. Some went so far as to make veiled hints that Mstislav Romanovich was bought by the bounty of gifts the Polovtsian khans had brought him. But Mstislav Romanovich believed it was essential to assist the Polovtsians; otherwise, they might strike a deal with the Mongols and turn against Russia.
Sensitive to both sides, Mstislav Romanovich crafted a compromise. He not only intended to assist the Polovtsians, but also summoned the Russian princes to attend a subsequent military council for the purpose of planning how to defend the Russian principalities against the Mongols. He promptly dispatched messengers to both grand and minor princes of roughly a dozen principalities requesting that they attend the council.
A mongol warrior.
To Mstislav’s chagrin, many princes did not respond to his summons. Some replied that that they had more pressing affairs, while others did not response at all. Nevertheless, 20 princes of various ranks gathered in Kiev. The most important of them was Mstislav of Galicia, who was accompanied by Prince Daniel Romanovich.
Several other princes attended the council. Prince Mstislav “The Mute” Yaroslavovich arrived from Lutsk. In his younger days, Mstislav of Lutsk had been wounded in the face by a spear, which left his jaw and tongue badly mangled and resulted in his nickname. He could only speak in a whisper as a result of his wounds and therefore was accompanied by an attendant who would listen to what the prince whispered and repeat it in a clear voice. In addition, Mstislav Svyatoslavovich of Chernigov attended with his sons Vsevolod and Dmitriy. Also arriving to participate in the council was Vladimir Rurikovich, the Prince of Ovruch, who had been designated to represent the Principality of Smolensk.
A heated discussion occurred as to whether the Russians should furnish assistance to the Polovtsians. Many princes were categorically opposed to aiding the Polovtsians. They held that the looming clash between the Polovtsians and Mongols was simply a rebalancing of power in the steppe. As proof of their theory, they pointed to how the Polovtsians had ejected the Pecheng tribes in the late 11th century. In contrast, another faction, which was headed by Mstislav of Galicia, was spoiling for a fight. It had the support of many of the younger princes.
Mstislav Romanovich’s sons Rostislav and Vsevolod pulled their father aside to protest in private against the campaign. They said that they had their own problems with rivals in Polotsk and Grodno. Although this caused Mstislav Romanovich great frustration, he nevertheless gave his sons leave to attend to their personal affairs.
These arguments lasted three days before Mstislav Romanovich prevailed and the majority of the princes reluctantly agreed to participate in his campaign against the Mongols. Then, a new point of contention emerged. Mstislav of Galicia and Mstislav Romanovich quarreled over who should command the joint Russian forces. As the most senior prince, Mstislav Romanovich demanded to be placed in command, while many other princes wanted to see the more experienced Mstislav of Galicia in charge. Arguments threatened to collapse the fragile alliance before it even began. Vladimir Rurikovich, cousin of both princes, whose son Andrey was married to Mstislav Romanovich’s daughter, brokered a compromise. Mstislav Romanovich would command the forces of Kiev, Chernigov, and Smolensk, and Mstislav of Galicia would lead the forces of Galicia-Volhynia and Lutsk.
The Russians began preparing for war against the Mongols in mid-March 1223, and the Russian forces began gathering at the designated rendezvous point in early April. The campaign was scheduled to officially begin immediately following Orthodox Easter, which fell on April 23.
The rendezvous point was the great bend in the Dnieper River where the old trade route, Zalozni Way, began on its way southeast to the Sea of Azov. The infantry from Kiev, Chernigov, and Smolensk sailed down the Dnieper in longships while the cavalry rode along the west bank. The forces of Galicia-Volhynia, including men from Lutsk, Pinsk, and Turiv, journeyed by boat down the Dniester River to the Black Sea then along its north shore to the mouth of the Dnieper River, and then up the river to the staging areas. Polovtsian war bands steadily trickled in to join the Russians.
The Mongol army crosses the Don River after raiding in 1221 through Azerbaijan and Georgia and along the Caspian Sea.
While the Russian forces were gathering, an embassy of six Mongol envoys accompanied by two Muslim interpreters arrived at Mstislav Romanovich’s camp. The Russian leaders where not impressed by what they saw. Specifically, the Mongols were short of stature and their stocky torsos were supported by bow legs. As for their haughtiness, the Russians were greatly offended by it.
Mongol ambassadors requested that the Russian princes remain neutral in what the Mongols saw as their personal conflict with the Polovtsians; instead, the Mongols offered an alliance with the Russians. The Russians discerned that the envoys were insincere and dishonest. Moreover, they believed they were spies. Despite protests by some of the princes, Mstislav Romanovich ordered the six Mongols executed. The Russians allowed the Muslim interpreters to leave unharmed.
In mid-May the forces of Galicia-Volhynia arrived. They were followed by the main body of Polovtsians under Khan Kotyan. Another Mongol embassy arrived with the same interpreters. They made another request for Russian neutrality and again proposed an alliance. Both propositions were rejected, but this time the envoys were allowed to leave with their lives.
The mood in the Russian camp was light, for the princes were confident of victory and viewed the upcoming campaign as a minor distraction before returning to the serious business of jockeying for power. The Russian army is reported to have numbered 80,000, although its actual size was probably smaller. The cavalry is estimated to have consisted of 12,000 Russian horsemen and 8,000 Polovtsian horsemen. The rest of the Russian army was on foot.
The elite heavy cavalry that belonged to the princes fought with lances and used swords and battle axes as secondary weapons. As for the infantry, it fought with a variety of weapons, including spears, swords, war axes, maces, and bows. The Russians wore a wide variety of armor, including scale, lamellar, and mail. They carried large teardrop-shaped shields and wore conical helmets.
The Russian lack of intelligence about the Mongols was glaring. The Mongol Empire had come into being in 1206 at a great assembly of all the Mongol tribes held in Outer Mongolia. The new nomad empire was unlike previous ones in that it had a fixed center. From their base in the Mongolian steppe, the Mongols could send armies to the east or west as they saw fit.
Mongol Chieftan Temujin of the Borjigin clan was the founder of this powerful new empire. Over the course of 20 years of continuous warfare, he had succeeded in bringing all of the tribes of the grasslands north of the Gobi Desert under his personal rule. At the great assembly in 1206 he informed the clans under his rule that they would soon embark together on a conquest of other lands and peoples beyond the Mongolian steppe. In confidence of a successful campaign of conquest, he assumed the title of Genghis Khan, meaning Lord of the Earth.
As Genghis Khan had anticipated, his army of conquest was unstoppable. He subjugated the neighboring Quara Khitai Empire in 1220 and immediately afterward conquered the sprawling Khwarizm Empire, which stretched from the borders of India to those of Anatolia. Warriors of many of the defeated empires were assimilated into the Mongolian army and became bound together through common language, lifestyle, and religion.
An able and astute administrator, Genghis Khan reorganized the war bands of the Mongol tribes into a military organization based on the decimal system. A squad of 10 warriors was called a harban, a company of 100 men was known as a dzhaun, and a 1,000-strong regiment was called a mingan.
As the Mongol army grew in size, a larger division-sized unit called a toumen was formed from 10,000 warriors. The officers, known as noyans, were typically members of tribal aristocracy, but promotion by merit was widespread and members of humble backgrounds frequently rose to upper ranks. The most senior ranks, which commanded a corps composed of two or more toumens, were reserved for members of Genghis Khan’s immediate family and his most trusted commanders.
The bulk of Genghis Khan’s army was composed of horse archers. These horsemen had been trained from early childhood to hunt and fight and were inured to the suffering and harsh conditions of the Mongolian steppe. The striking power of the Mongols was based on their extraordinary mobility, with each soldier leading a string of four to six horses and capable of remaining in the saddle for days. Genghis Khan and his generals readily adopted the advanced military technology and skills possessed by the people they conquered. For example, they assimilated artillery and engineering skills from the Persians and Chinese. Each large Mongol unit included a staff of astute Chinese administrators who collected and collated reports by scouts and spies and questioned travelers and merchants about the lands of interest to the Mongols.
Numerous foreign travelers noted the high quality of Mongol weapons, armor, and equipment. Each Mongol warrior was equipped with “a sword, a club, a bow, sixty arrows: thirty small arrows with a short, iron point used for piercing remote targets and thirty larger ones with broad arrowheads which were tossed at people who were very near in order to injure their faces, shoulders, cut the bow strings and cause damage,” wrote Italian explorer Marco Polo. In addition to the lightly armored horse archers, the Mongol army included a significant number of heavy cavalry who wore lamellar armor and whose horses were often armored as well.
After overseeing the conquest of the Khwarezmian Empire, Genghis Khan made plans to return to Mongolia. Before his departure, he granted permission to his top general, Subutai, to conduct a reconnaissance-in-force. Subutai already was contemplating future campaigns of conquest and the reconnaissance would aid in planning them. Genghis Khan ordered another to general, Jebe, to accompany Subutai. For their reconnaissance, the two commanders had 20,000 troops.
Subutai and Jebe defeated a Georgian army three times the size of theirs in 1220 and then marched into the steppe lands occupied by the Polovtsians. They planned to camp for a prolonged period in the steppe to regain their strength. During that time they would dispatch envoys to negotiate with the Russians. The envoys not only negotiated, but also assessed an enemy’s strength through observations reported to the senior commanders.
Path of Subutai and Jebe. From northern Iran to Kalka river. (map taken from warmaps)
The day after the second Mongol embassy departed, Polovtsian scouts on the east bank of the Dnieper River reported contact with leading elements of the Mongol army. Eager to cross swords with the mysterious enemy, the Russians built a bridge by lashing boats together and nailing planks on top of them to facilitate the crossing of their cavalry. The first across were 500 horsemen under Daniel Romanovich. Afterward, more Russians and Polovtsians streamed over the bridge of boats. The Mongols fell back along the Zalozni Way, shooting arrows over their shoulders from their composite bows. The Russians and Polovtsians marveled at the accuracy and range of the Mongol horse archers.
A small unit of Mongols was trapped by the Polovtsians and Russians. More Mongols and Russians joined in and soon thousands of riders whirred in a sharp melee. The Mongols began falling back, scattering before larger numbers, quickly reforming just out of reach and closing in again, always firing their bows. As more and more Russian and Polovtsians cavalry crossed the river and joined the fray, the Mongols melted away. Young Russian princes who had their blood up wanted to pursue the Mongols, but Mstislav of Galicia restrained them.
Encouraged by their first success against the Mongols, Russian forces continued crossing the river; in the process, they brought commercial traffic on the river to an abrupt halt. After the crossing was completed, the plank bridge was dissembled and the long ships beached on the east bank of the river under guard of 300 foot soldiers.
The Russian princes bickered once again at an evening council about the issue of command. Neither Mstislav of Galicia nor Mstislav Romanovich was willing to acknowledge the other’s leadership. Another compromise was reached. This time Mstislav of Galicia was placed in charge of the vanguard, which consisted of the troops of the principalities of Galicia-Volhynia and Lutsk. Mstislav Romanovich commanded the main body of the Russian army. There was tension within the main body of the army as well for both Mstislav of Chernigov and Prince Vladimir Rurikovich of Smolensk desired to march at the head of the main body rather than their respective contingents.
The Russian army followed the Mongols for seven days along the Zalozni Way, passing over a seemingly unending terrain of rolling hills and small rivers. The Mongols were always in sight, but just out of reach. Frequent skirmishes occurred between the Polovtsians and Mongol scouts. Marching columns and wagon trains of the Russian army stretched over 15 miles. Thick screens of Polovtsian cavalry protected the flanks of the column.
The squabbling among the Russian princes continued unabated. Mstislav of Galicia was pressing for faster advance, demanding to be reinforced by mounted contingents from Chernigov and Smolensk in order to locate and pin down the main Mongol army before the Russians went too far into vast steppe. In contrast, Mstislav Romanovich demanded that the army slow down so that infantry could keep up. The foot-sore Russian infantry had grown weary under the hot sun and grew more fatigued with each passing day.
On May 30, the eighth day of the pursuit, the Russian forces reached the fords in the Kalka River, a narrow tributary flowing south through the hilly terrain to the Sea of Azov. Although the exact location remains unknown, it is believed to be 20 miles north of the modern-day city of Mariupol on the north shore of the Sea of Azov.
The forces of Galicia-Volhynia, Lutsk, and Smolensk splashed across and set up their camps on the east side of the river, while those of Chernigov established their camp in the immediate vicinity of the ford on the west side. As for Mstislav Romanovich, he moved his Kievan contingent to a steep hill a half-mile from the river. It was a strong position that was protected by deep ravines on the south and east side of the prominence.
At that point, the two senior commanders argued over strategy. Mstislav Romanovich wanted to slow the army’s speed of advance. He therefore proposed a new marching order. The Chernigov forces would lead the way. The main body following them would be arrayed as follows: the Smolenskian troops on the right, Lutskian troops on the left, and Kievan troops in the middle. In a deliberate move to restrain Mstislav of Galicia, Mstislav Romanovich ordered that his rival’s forces constitute the rear guard. Mstislav of Galicia left the council in a huff without consenting to the new marching order.
Before dawn on May 31 the Polovtsian scouts returned to Mstislav of Galicia with news that they had spotted the main Mongol camp. Knowing that if he alerted the other princes to this development—especially Mstislav Romanovich—the large part of the morning would be spent arguing about the course of action, Mstislav of Galicia made the crucial decision to prepare his troops for action without the usual trumpet signals.
Despite the precautions taken by Mstislav of Galicia, his preparations were noticed by sentries in the Smolensk camp, who promptly alerted their prince. Quickly discovering what was underway and not wishing to be left out of the upcoming action and glory, Vladimir of Smolensk ordered his trumpeters to rouse his troops. The commotion in the Smolensk camp in turn alerted the men of Chernigov bivouacked on the west bank of the river. Prince Mstislav of Chernigov rushed to inform Mstislav Romanovich.
The Grand Prince of Kiev angrily observed the preparations from his hilltop position as his rival’s forces formed up and marched over the hill on the other side of the river. The men of Smolensk soon disappeared from view as well, and grumbling began in the Chernigov camp. Most of the Chernigov commanders wanted to march for they were anxious to participate in the action; however, Prince Mstislav of Chernigov would not march without Mstislav of Galicia’s permission, and he would not give it.
The first to make contact with the enemy were the Polovtsians, who were spread out ahead of the coalition force in a thick screen under the joint command of Khan Kotyan and Yarun, one of Mstislav of Galicia’s officers. They brushed aside the Mongol pickets before running into a small Mongol vanguard, which retreated after a brief clash. Close on the heels of the retreating Mongols, the Polovtsians came upon a small Mongol camp, which they took for the leading element of the main Mongol army. Quickly overrunning the camp and pushing on in a headlong pursuit, the Polovtsians encountered the main body of Mongols, which had been cleverly concealed behind a chain of rolling hills. The Mongols’ initial volley of arrows emptied hundreds of Polovtsian saddles. The Mongol heavy cavalry then overran the Polovtsians.
An argument over strategy left the various parts of the Russian army vulnerable to destruction. When the Polovtsians fled in panic, the Russians had to fight for their lives.
The Polovtsian collapse was as complete as it was sudden. Believing it was on the verge of easy victory, the Polovtsian cavalry was suddenly confronted with ordered ranks of Mongol cavalry. Thousands of Polovtsians fled in panic, unheeding any and all attempts by their leaders to rally them. Although some escaped to the north and south, the main body of Polovtsians fled northwest the way they had come, right into the path of the advancing Russian forces attempting to catch up to them.
The leading Russian column consisted of 500 Volyn cavalry under Prince Daniel. The torrent of fleeing Polovtsian riders disordered and scattered them. The Polovtsians also disordered the men of Galich and Lutsk who did not have time to close up. The only troops that were not immediately disordered by the Polovtsian retreat were those from the Smolensk force. Given that they were farther back along the route of advance, the Smolensk cavalry had sufficient warning. Prince Vladimir of Smolensk ordered his horsemen to close ranks, and they formed a circle on a low hillock.
The Mongols smashed into the disordered horsemen under Prince Daniel. In turn, each Russian mounted detachment became isolated, desperately fighting to link up with the others. From the top of the small hillock, Prince Vladimir could see the unfolding disaster. His troops were an island in the sea of disordered Russians and Polovtsians. His trumpeters repeatedly sounded the rally for other groups of Russian cavalry that had become separated to join them. Realizing the futility of remaining in place, Prince Vladimir ordered an attack to link up with Mstislav of Galicia, so that the Russians could withdraw together. Seeing the banner of Mstislav of Galicia falling back, other Russian cavalry forces began retreating as well. Prince Daniel fought bravely and was wounded several times. Barely able to stay in his saddle, he was supported on each side by a bodyguard.
The main body of the Mongols swept around the Russian cavalry to reach the infantry of Galicia-Volhynia and Smolensk. These lightly armored foot soldiers, to their credit, were falling back in some semblance of order. The Mongol horse archers rode back and forth along the Russian ranks, firing into them at point-blank range, inflicting heavy casualties in the process. The Russian infantry eventually broke under the merciless barrage of arrows. The panicked foot soldiers streamed in flight toward the Kalka River.
Back at the Kalka River crossing, the first fleeing Polovtsians arrived at 11 am with news of the unfolding disaster. But Mstislav Romanovich refused to budge from his position on top of his rocky knoll. Not wishing to wait any longer, Prince Mstislav of Chernigov took his forces forward. About an hour later, he led his troops across the river. They deployed to march in battle formation with the infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks.
Before the men of Chernigov marched forward, retreating groups of infantry from Galicia-Volhynia and Smolensk arrived. The men of Chernigov closed ranks to keep the panicked men from disordering them. Desperate foot soldiers clawed at the Chernigov shield wall in blind panic in an attempt to squeeze their way through to perceived safety. The Mongol heavy cavalry rode behind and among the retreating infantry, spearing panic-stricken men with impunity. Before the Chernigov infantry had the chance to close the gaps caused by the fleeing men, the Mongols succeeded in cracking their line.
Prince Mstislav of Chernigov counterattacked with his cavalry, allowing his infantry to reform and briefly halted the Mongols. The fighting grew both in its intensity and brutality. Mstislav of Chernigov’s two nephews were cut down. The Mongols also felled Prince Mstislav of Chernigov. His son, Vsevolod, was able to briefly maintain control. But when the Mongols slayed him as well, the men of Chernigov began a disordered retreat back across the river. Just in the nick of time, though, the remaining cavalry of Galicia-Volhynia, Lutsk, and Smolensk attacked the Mongols from behind. As the Mongols fell back to reform, a lull settled over the battlefield.
On the east bank of the Kalka River, Mstislav of Galicia rallied the surviving cavalry of Galicia-Volhynia, Lutsk, and Smolensk. A humiliated Mstislav of Galicia appealed to Mstislav Romanovich for help. Even seeing his rival humbled, the Grand Prince of Kiev still refused to budge from his fortified camp. His 2,000 men were among the best armed and experienced troops in the entire Russian army. With a heavy heart, Mstislav of Galicia ordered a general retreat sounded. His surviving troops withdrew to the west bank of the Kalka River where they began the long trek back to the Dnieper River and the awaiting longships.
Prince Mstislav Mstislavovich of Galicia-Volhynia crosses the Dnieper River with the Mongols in close pursuit in a romantic depiction of the incident.
The Russian infantry was in bad shape. Many had discarded their arms and armor in their flight. They staggered along the track, suffering from heat, thirst, and wounds. On the evening of May 31, the Mongols caught up to the retreating Russians. In order to buy time for his infantry to reform, Mstislav of Galicia led his cavalry in a desperate counterattack. His two nephews, Izyaslav and Svaytoslav, both died in the desperate fighting. The Mongol archers once again took a heavy toll of the beleaguered Russian infantry. Darkness brought a welcome end to fighting for the Russians.
Weary Russian princes gathered to discuss their next course of action. It was painfully obvious that the tattered remnant of the Russian infantry was in no condition to escape the fast-moving Mongol cavalry nor could it offer an effective defense. With that in mind, the surviving Russian cavalry could either remain with the infantry where they would in all likelihood perish alongside them, or they could abandon the infantry to their fate in the hope of making their own escape. With heavy hearts, the majority of the princes made the brutal decision to abandon the infantry. The only one who did not was young Prince Dmitriy Mstislavovich from Chernigov. He and his small retinue of men-at-arms valiantly decided to fight to the death.
Many of the infantrymen managed to slip away during the night. The desertions continued in the early morning hours of June 1 as Dmitriy Mstislavovich formed up the remaining men for battle. The Mongols appeared shortly after dawn. The Russians held out for almost an hour. When Dmitriy Mstislavovich fell, all resistance collapsed. After several hours spent riding down and slaughtering the fleeing Russians, the bulk of the Mongols withdrew. The infantry of Galicia-Volhynia, Chernigov, Lutsk, and Smolensk were virtually annihilated by that point.
On the evening of June 1 approximately 1,200 surviving Russian cavalrymen halted to rest on their way back to the Dnieper River. When the time came to leave again in the morning, Prince Yuri Glebovich of Nesvizh halted to rest his troops on the belief that they were sufficiently safe from the pursuit. The other princes continued their withdrawal without him, but the Mongols soon appeared. They proceeded to slaughter nearly all of Prince Yuri’s 100 remaining men, as well as the prince himself. The Mongols then withdrew to the Kalka River.
Approximately 1,000 Russian cavalry reached the Dnieper River and the safety of long ships. After ferrying his men across the river, Prince Mstislav of Galicia ordered the rest of the boats burned so that the Mongols, if still in pursuit, could not use them to get across. Once on the west bank of the river, Mstislav of Galicia and Mstislav of Lutsk, accompanied by a seriously wounded Daniel Romanovich, headed to Galich. Prince Vladimir of Smolensk led his troops back to Kiev.
Having crossed the Kalka River, Subutai and Jebe divided their army into two sections. One section encircled the Kievans’ fortified camp, while the other section chased the retreating Russian forces. The Russians were in a good defensive position, protected by circled wagons and sharpened stakes. The slopes of the hill were sufficiently steep to prevent a Mongol mounted attack; for that reason, the Mongol warriors launched a dismounted attack. The Russian warriors, who were sheltered behind and on top of their wagons, repulsed multiple assaults. In vain, the Mongols tried to hook and pull apart the wagons, while the Russian warriors stabbed and slashed at them from above. Crouched behind their shields and wagons, the Russians succeeded in blunting the Mongol archery.
After three days of attacks, the Mongol commanders sent Mstislav Romanovich an offer of safe passage if the Russians left behind their weapons, banners, and possessions. Mstislav Romanovich refused, for surrendering their weapons and banners would result in a major blow to his prestige. But the Russian position had one major weakness, which was that it was a half mile from the river. By the end of the third day of siege, the Kievans were nearly out of water.
Mstislav Romanovich held a war council to determine his next steps. Most of his commanders argued for retaining their weapons and fighting their way out of the trap. While the Grand Prince of Kiev was mulling over his options, a Mongol envoy arrived. The envoy’s name was Ploskinya, and he was the leader of the Brodniki band that served as scouts. Brodniki were escaped serfs and slaves from Russian lands who settled on the far outskirts of the steppes and frequently intermarried with local nomads. Ploskinya had a Russian father and a Polovtsian mother. He swore on a cross that the Mongols were sincere in their promises of safe passage. Taking Ploskinya at his word, Mstislav Romanovich ordered his men to disarm.
As the Russians marched out of their camp, they laid down their arms and armor and set off northwest after refilling their canteens from the Kalka River. Mstislav Romanovich and his two sons-in-law, Prince Aleksander Glebovich of Dubrovitsy and Prince Andrei Vladimirovich, became separated from their men and were captured by the Mongols. Alarmed at their circumstances, they asked what their fate would be. They were told that they would be held for ransom, but not harmed. Once the column of disarmed Kiev warriors was out of sight of its abandoned camp, the Mongols overtook the column and slaughtered most of the unarmed troops. Those who were mounted, which numbered about 200 warriors, managed to escape.
The Mongols then turned their attention to the captured princes. They bound Mstislav Romanovich and his two sons-in-law by hand and foot. These high-ranking Russians were informed that the punishment for killing Mongol ambassadors was death; however, Mongol custom allowed the shedding of princely blood only in battle. The three Russian princes were then placed on the ground and boards were laid on top of them. Subutai, Jebe, and several senior Mongol commanders climbed the wobbly platform for a victory feast. As the Mongols leaders laughed and celebrated their victory, the three captive Russian princes were crushed to death.
The disaster that befell the combined Russian forces at the Kalka River was devastating. Less than one-tenth of the army returned home. A dozen Russian princes died. As soon as Prince Vladimir of Smolensk reached Kiev, he declared himself regent until the return of Mstislav Romanovich. The fate of the Kiev contingent was yet unknown, but Prince Vladimir was gambling that Mstislav Romanovich would not return and began maneuvering accordingly.
As soon as the three sons of Mstislav Romanovich returned to Kiev from their own campaign against Grodno and Polotsk, they immediately began plotting to remove Prince Vladimir from Kiev. Yet Vladimir, who was supported by Mstislav of Galicia and Daniel Romanovich, ultimately gained the upper hand. In the wake of his triumph, he exiled them from Kiev.
After Mstislav of Galicia died of natural causes in 1228, Daniel Romanovich became a major force in southwestern Russia. He succeeded in navigating the dangerous political shoals that confronted him. He had to muster all of his political skills to deftly handle the Mongols, Hungarians, Poles, and Lithuanians. By the time of his death in 1264, Daniel had greatly enhanced the prestige and expanded the territory of Galicia-Volhynia; for his achievements, he is revered in Ukraine as one of the region’s greatest leaders.
Subutai returned to Russia with Batu Khan in 1237 to resume operations against the Russians. By systematically destroying Russian cities, they compelled defeated princes to become compliant vassals.
Khan Kotyan eventually fled to Hungary with tens of thousands of his followers after suffering another crushing defeat at the hands of Mongols in 1237. When King of Hungary Bela IV offered the Polovtsians asylum in Hungary, Kotyan converted to Catholicism and wed another one of his daughters to Bela’s son, the future King Stephen V. But the Hungarian nobles never completely trusted Kotyan, who was christened Jonas on his conversion. The former Polovtsian khan was assassinated in 1241 on the eve of the Mongol invasion of Hungary.
After remaining on the steppe lands south of Russia until the end of 1223, the armies of Subutai and Jebe returned to Mongolia. Their reconnaissance campaign, which had lasted three years and covered more than 5,500 miles, was a resounding success. They not only returned with a tremendous amount of plunder, but also had gleaned invaluable insight into the Russian political situation and military strength. Furthermore, they had seen with their own eyes the characteristics of the terrain.
Subutai and Genghis Khan’s grandson Batu returned to Russia in 1237. Over the course of the next two years he subjugated a number of Russian principalities, including Kiev, Chernigov, and Galicia-Volhynia. Thus began a 240-year period known as the Mongol Yoke in which many of the Russian princes became vassals of the Mongols. Russian vassalage to the Mongols officially ended in 1480 with the defeat of the Golden Horde at the Great Stand on the Ugra River.
Author: Victor Kamenir

Behavior Driven Prompt Modeling
A Behavioral Driven Development-similar method of asking the LLM to expand on a user request into a structured series of assertions, which may have linked acceptance tests. Essentially a formalized Chain-of-Thought, with built in points for asking for clarification.
Goal
My goal is to create repeatable and testable code via LLMS in a BDD-similar way. I hope to integrate it with git, so that I'm more reviewing and asking, and creating tests and the code is all written by the assistant. I hope to integrate the tests with function calling, so the LLM can create and implement its own tests. I'm a long way off, but I believe I've made some progress. Nice screenshot at the very bottom of one of my more successful attempts.
Background
I'm a dev, and I use Behavioral Driven Development pretty regularly. If your not familiar, BDD is a method for creating feature tests for software in a way that could be mimiced by a human. ( read more here: https://cucumber.io/docs/gherkin/reference/ ) .. essentially you boil down tests to a series of GIVEN/WHEN/THEN statements. Each provides a setup, and action, and an expectation.
an example:

 GIVEN a user in a text channel WHEN they send a message THEN the message should appear in the channel in real-time 

Now, what's neat is that these tests actually make pretty good prompts for AI coding, as they clear define a feature that needs to be created. You can also take the existing code, and then say "what changes need to be made to satisfy the following test?"
Note:
Even just asking the LLM to help you create BDD tests, and then using those tests in your request seems to help it align with the goal. I've even added comments in the header of suggested files containing BDD, which seem to give a little extra context to the task.
Behavior Driven Prompt Modeling
I've been working with a combo of models (claude and gpt4o) to try and create a sort of "Behavioral Prompt Model" using a similar idea. While I don't think I'm quite there, I believe it's interesting enough to warrant some more exploration.
So this is essentially a two or three-shot method. It starts with defining our terms, which are a bit more exhaustive than GIVEN/WHEN/THEN. Then, I provide the user's request.
First Shot:
The basis of the framework might make a good system prompt. I'm considering doing a fine-tune using these statements. The terms below are just some of the actionable items I've been playing with to describe a task, and I'm sure some of these are redundant, or uneeded... but it's a place to start.

### FRAMEWORK ### Behavior Driven Prompt Modeling (BDPM) is a simple and effective way to define tasks to be completed by users or AI LLMs. Below are some terms used for creating a Behavior Prompt Model (BPM), which is very similar to the testable and repeatable Behavior Driven Development (BDD) language Gherkin. You will use the following definitions to create a BPM for the user's request. Each line is a complete sentence beginning with the keyword term. Example: FOR a group of middle-school students. ```prompt:definitions.prompt GIVEN: - Provide context, background information, constraints, or data relevant to the task - Example: GIVEN details about a dataset of customer information FOR: - Specify who the output/deliverable is intended for - Example: FOR a Marketing team at an e-commerce company BECAUSE: - Context, Conditions, and Constraints. - State the motivation, goal or rationale behind the overall task - Example: Personalizing promotions based on customer data improves sales REFINE: - also REPHRASE IF - Ask the AI to rephrase or expand on the context - Example: REFINE the background info to confirm your understanding. - Example: REPHRASE IF too complicated for the audience. ASK : - Prompt the AI to ask any clarifying questions - Example: ASK any questions if requirements are unclear WITH: - Provide additional resources, tools, references or permissions - Example: WITH access to Python data analysis libraries but not the production database ASSESS: - Direct the AI to analyze the given information and identify key requirements - Example: ASSESS the implications of this data. EXAMPLE: - Show a sample output or illustration meeting the requirements - Example: EXAMPLE customer segment with analysis and promotion recommendations is available at [URL] EXPLORE: - alias INVESTIGATE, or LOOK AT - Encourage the AI to consider alternative approaches or perspectives - Have the AI describe any other potential solutions it considered - Example: EXPLORE different customer segmentation methods - Example: EXPLORE Using different clustering algorithms for segmentation SUMMARIZE: - alias SELF-CHECK, REFINE - Ask the AI to summarize its understanding and proposed approach - Example: SUMMARIZE your analysis plan and mention any areas of uncertainty IDENTIFY: - Prompt the AI to identify potential edge cases, ideas, or failure modes - Example: IDENTIFY Inadequate data leading to poor quality segments. - Example: IDENTIFY potential opportunities for imrpoving the design. REFLECT: - alias INTROSPECT, REVIEW - Ask the AI to reflect on its own thought process and understanding - Example: REFLECT on some simple examples to identify potential sticking points LIST: - Have the AI outline the step-by-step process it will follow - Example: LIST the steps needed to create this project. ITERATE: - Insert steps for the AI to share partial outputs and get feedback - Example: ITERATE on the user interaction, but maintain the primary code base. IMPROVE: - Alias: EXPAND - Ask the AI to enhance or expand its output in specific ways - Example: IMPROVE the amount of time it takes to interact with the software, less time is better. - Example: EXPAND the technical requirements that may not have been specified. DELIVER: - alias DELIVERABLE or TASK. - Explicitly state the expected final output from the AI - Example: Provide a complete customer segmentation analysis report - Example: DELIVER an HTML page, CSS script, and Javascipt script file to create this project. VERIFY: - alias CONFIRM, CROSS-CHECK - Ensure the AI verifies the correctness and completeness of its output - Have the AI confirm its understanding or validate assumptions - Ask the AI to cross-reference its findings with other sources or datasets REPORT: - Instruct the AI to generate a detailed report of its findings - Example: REPORT on the identified trends and anomalies in the dataset COMPARE: - Direct the AI to compare different methods or results - Example: COMPARE the performance of various predictive models used TEST: - Provide testable steps to validate the output - Include GIVEN/WHEN/THEN blocks for clear testing criteria - Allows function calling AI/LLMs to exercise tests - Tests should be expanded into multiple smaller tests instead of all inclusive tests. - Example: TEST: GIVEN a dataset with missing values WHEN the preprocessing step is applied THEN the output should have no missing values - Example: TEST: GIVEN an initial analysis report WHEN peer feedback is incorporated THEN the final report should address all feedback points ``` The user has provided the following request, use the terms above to define one or more sentences to assist in creating a BPM model for the the AI to implement. Include a deliverable at the end. Your audience is an expert coder, so doesn't need to know fundamental tools, browsers, etc. They only need to know what they need to build in detail. Expand on the prompt when building the model. Do not number the lines, just begin a new line for each keyword term, so that it's easier to parse. Be very detailed in your response. Develop skeleton objects to be filled by AI coding models for tests and tasks. ### USER REQUEST ### The user wishes to create a simple chat web page using plain Javascript, HTML, and CSS, and possibly webrtc or web sockets to allow connecting users to connect to each other. chat space sticks to the bottom of the screen, local user on the right, remote user messages on the left. allow markdown style message input and text formatting. If back end server connections are needed use a PHP page `chat.php` which can also serve as the source of the HTML. ### Behavior Prompt Model ### 

Second Shot
The LLM is then able to create a more detailed set of requirements based on this request. Sometimes it gets "Do this" mixed up with "Plan something vague".. which is why I'm working to pare down the terms in the above list.

GIVEN the need to create a simple chat web page using plain Javascript, HTML, and CSS GIVEN the requirement to support real-time communication between users using WebRTC or WebSockets GIVEN the chat space must stick to the bottom of the screen with the local user’s messages on the right and the remote user’s messages on the left GIVEN the messages should support Markdown style input and text formatting GIVEN a PHP backend server connection is required for serving the HTML and potentially handling messaging logic FOR web developers experienced in front-end and back-end development BECAUSE real-time communication enhances user interaction and experience on the chat platform REFINE the layout and design of the chat interface to ensure usability and aesthetic appeal ASK any questions if the specifications for the chat features or design are unclear WITH access to basic web development tools and libraries (JavaScript, HTML, CSS, PHP) WITH the capability to set up and run a local or remote server for testing the chat functionality ASSESS the requirements for WebRTC or WebSockets to determine the most appropriate choice for real-time communication EXAMPLE chat interface design with the local user’s messages on the right and remote user’s messages on the left, both displayed at the bottom of the screen EXPLORE different libraries or frameworks that can simplify the implementation of Markdown parsing in JavaScript SUMMARIZE the proposed approach for building the chat web page and highlight any potential challenges or considerations EXPLORE using either WebRTC or WebSockets for real-time communication and justify the selected approach IMPROVE the user experience by ensuring the chat interface is responsive and works well on different devices IDENTIFY potential edge cases such as network interruptions, message delivery failures, and handle them gracefully REFLECT on the potential security considerations when implementing real-time communication and data handling LIST the steps needed to create the chat web page: Set up the HTML structure for the chat interface Implement the CSS to style the chat interface and ensure it sticks to the bottom of the screen Use JavaScript to handle sending and receiving messages, applying Markdown formatting Set up WebRTC or WebSockets for real-time communication between users Create a PHP backend to serve the HTML and handle any server-side logic ITERATE on the chat functionality by testing each component individually and in combination IMPROVE the chat interface by adding features such as message timestamps, read receipts, and typing indicators DELIVER a complete chat web page with the specified functionality and design VERIFY the correctness of the chat functionality by ensuring real-time message delivery, correct message formatting, and proper interface layout REPORT on the implementation process, highlighting any issues encountered and how they were resolved COMPARE the performance and scalability of the implemented solution with alternative approaches or frameworks TEST: GIVEN a simple HTML structure for the chat interface WHEN the CSS is applied THEN the chat space should stick to the bottom of the screen TEST: GIVEN a user inputs a message with Markdown syntax WHEN the message is sent THEN the output should display the formatted message correctly TEST: GIVEN two users are connected WHEN one user sends a message THEN the message should appear on the left for the remote user and on the right for the local user TEST: GIVEN a network interruption occurs WHEN the connection is re-established THEN the chat should resume without data loss TEST: GIVEN a PHP backend server WHEN it serves the HTML THEN the chat page should load correctly 

Third Shot
The LLMs have surprised me here, even Codestral and Llama3 end up giving me a summary of what they want to do and a description of the task, and I usually have to add a "proceed with coding the deliverables" prompt to make it actually START coding.
Sometimes it will even ask for clarification "What sorts of libraries should be used..." as part of its summary. I'd prefer it stop at that point, get answers and then continue. but again - this is just a prototype. For now, when I see those questions, I edit the LLM prompt to address those items.

Here's a basic outline of the JavaScript objects and functions that could help create the chat web page with the described functionality. This outline includes objects for handling user messages, managing the WebRTC or WebSocket connection, and parsing Markdown. JavaScript Skeleton Objects and Functions Message Object: Represents a chat message.Here's a basic outline of the JavaScript objects and functions that could help create the chat web page with the described functionality. This outline includes objects for handling user messages, managing the WebRTC or WebSocket connection, and parsing Markdown.JavaScript Skeleton Objects and FunctionsMessage Object: Represents a chat message. .. code shows here.. 

It then becomes a bit easier to re-post tests or items "Hey, This test isn't being satisfied, or an error occurs"
Other thoughts:
RAG for tests/code:
So using this technique, you could use embeddings to summarize an actual BDD test and the descriptions, along with the core functions. This way, when editing a function, the RAG could return all the tests related to that block of code to help build the model's attention to what needs to be created.
***
Voxel landscape based on a heightmap png file, user can click to raise/lower tiles. ChatGPT4o, and a modified version of the technique. Vanilla JS/HTML/CS and canvas object. The BPM prompt technique got me a good way to a working output, from there I was able to interact to get the software where I wanted.
https://preview.redd.it/jwg4i5xvar3d1.png?width=732&format=png&auto=webp&s=2251a81a19eb4ca686bbe1e09fe196fccce266c2