Lots 269-270, Marsh Lane, Horseshoe Bend, AR 72512
Gorgeous .62 acre lot in an excellent location in the Ozarks!
GPS Coordinates are 36.24217262660808, -91.71099739564326.
Plenty of privacy on this lot and when you're ready for nearby some recreation, swing by either Diamond Lake or Crown Lake!
Priced way below area comparable sales in the area!

Debit/Credit Cards Accepted No Closing Costs Cash Price: $1,650 Finance with $200 Down and 18 Payments of $100 Per Month No Credit Check, No Income Documentation, No Prepayment Penalty 

Property Address: Lots 269-270, Marsh Lane, Horseshoe Bend, AR 72512 (Map location is approximate)
County: Izard
Assessor Parcel Number: 800-12408-000 and 800-12409-000
Legal Description: Lots 269 and 270, Timber Ridge Addition
Zoning: Residential
Annual Property Taxes: $9.74
About Horseshoe Bend:
The best kept secret in north Arkansas is Horseshoe Bend. Nestled in the Ozark Mountains on the Strawberry River, this quaint town is the perfect place to find rest, relaxation, and recreation.
The crown jewel of the town is the 640-acre Crown Lake. On Crown Lake, water lovers can participate in a variety of activities, including swimming, kayaking, paddle boarding, water skiing, and tubing. Crown Lake is best known for good fishing, but it is not the only sought-after fishing hole in the area. Besides Crown Lake and the Strawberry River, fishing enthusiasts can also visit one of the smaller fishing lakes – Diamond, Pioneer, and North.
There are plenty of activities for young and old alike! Golfers have their choice between two par 3, 18-hole golf courses. Citizens and guests can also bowl, pitch horseshoes, and play miniature golf. The town has several stores, a library, three resorts, a community theater, a spa, and several restaurants.
The citizens of Horseshoe Bend take pride in the community spirit and the ability to offer a memorable experience for all who come to visit. The Music in the Mountains show occurs every third Saturday of the month, and during summer, the Farmers’ Market occurs every Wednesday. Every year, the town celebrates Dogwood Days on the second Saturday of May, and Independence Day is celebrated every 4th of July with a parade and fireworks. The annual Christmas parade occurs on the first Saturday in December. There are many more events that happen throughout the year, thanks to the numerous civic groups which are active in Horseshoe Bend. All of these events embrace the unique Ozark culture of small-town pride and fellowship.
The largest town in Izard County with 2,180 residents, Horseshoe Bend is accessible to the state’s most scenic highways. The town is centrally located and just a 3-hour drive to Little Rock, Memphis, and Springfield. With its gorgeous views, slower pace of life, and laid-back charm, Horseshoe Bend is the perfect place to stay a week or a lifetime.
More Information on Horseshoe Bend can be found at http://ozarklandstore.com/.
View our amazing property deals at TheLotStore.Com.
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Mongol warriors take Grand Prince Mstislav III Romanovich of Kiev into captivity.
A tumultuous discussion raged in the hall of Mstislav III “The Old” Romanovich, the Grand Prince of Kiev, in March 1223. An embassy of Turkic-speaking Polovtsian nomads humbly stood before the throne of the Russian prince. The embassy had arrived earlier in the day bearing rich gifts that included a bounty of gold and silver, exotic fabrics from the East, and slave girls.
They also bore news of disturbing developments on the steppe lands to the south. They reported that a large Mongol army had passed through the Caucasus Mountains several years earlier. During their march through the mountains, the Mongols had defeated the Georgians. They emerged into the Russian steppe where they had been encamped with no sign of leaving any time soon. During that time, the Mongols had also routed several Polovtsian tribes.The Mongol victory over the Georgians and several Polovtsian tribes had been so thorough that it unnerved Khan Kotyan, one of the senior Polovtsian khans in the delegation. He appealed directly to Mstislav Romanovich for military assistance against the Mongols. While the grand prince was considering the request, shouting erupted among the nobles of his court and his generals.
The uproar was a negative reaction to the request given that the Polovtsians were traditional enemies of the Russians. Their frequent raids had caused extensive destruction throughout southern Russia. Many of Mstislav Romanovich’s nobles had lost kin fighting the Polovtsians. Neither the grand prince nor his advisors were familiar with the Mongols and, therefore, it was difficult for them to judge the severity of the threat. Although some of those present were all too glad to hear about the misfortunes that had befallen the Polovtsians, Mstislav Romanovich knew it was important to examine the situation from all angles before making a decision.
The sexagenarian grand prince was a veteran of the dynastic intrigues and internecine wars that embroiled Kievan Rus. Once the dominant power in medieval Russia, by the beginning of the 13th century Kievan Rus had disintegrated into a number of squabbling principalities. Upon the death of a ruler succession often went not to his sons as it traditionally had, but to his brothers. This resulted in clannish struggles that pitted brothers against uncles. Princes ruling small principalities constantly maneuvered to take control of bigger, richer, and more prestigious ones.
After some consolidation, a dozen principalities emerged. The two most prestigious and powerful of them, centered on the cities of Kiev and Vladimir, were titled grand principalities and their rulers were called grand princes. Other substantial principalities were Novgorod in the north, Galicia-Volhynia in the south, and Smolensk and Chernigov in the center.
Genghis Khan’s empire rested on a firm administrative foundation that ensured longevity.
Bordering Russian territory in the south was an extensive steppe land north of the Black Sea known as the Wild Field, which stretched from the Dniester River in the west to the Don River in the east. The most powerful of the numerous nomadic tribes in the region were the Polovtsians. They occupied the lands from north of the Black Sea to the Aral Sea. There was certainly a precedent of making alliances with the Polovtsians, for Russian princes often enlisted their assistance against their rivals. Indeed, Russian princes frequently married pretty Polovtsian princesses, who upon marriage converted to Christianity. The intermarriage flowed only one way, though, for no Russian prince would allow his daughter to marry a shamanistic nomad.
One such matrimonial union for political purposes was that of a daughter of Khan Kotyan to Prince Mstislav “The Lucky” Mstislavovich, a ruler of the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia in modern-day Ukraine. The principality was the result of a union between the neighboring provinces of Galich and Volyn. Prince Mstislav of Galicia was an experienced, well-respected, and widely feared war leader who had proven himself in the Kipchak Wars. His protégé was young Prince Daniel Romanovich of Volyn, a famous warrior in his own right. Although the Grand Principality of Kiev was nominally senior to Galicia-Volhynia, Mstislav did not hold himself junior to his namesake, who was jealous and cautious of the other man’s reputation.
Even though Khan Kotyan was related to Mstislav of Galicia by marriage and could count on at least some military assistance from his son-in-law, it was a shrewd move to turn to Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev first. Not only were the lands of Kiev closer to a possible Mongol invasion, but such a display of deference was sure to play to Mstislav Romanovich’s vanity and desire to enhance his reputation as a great warrior.
Although Mstislav Romanovich decided to assist the Polovtsians, he met fierce resistance from his nobles. Many of the nobles vehemently opposed aiding the Polovtsians. Some went so far as to make veiled hints that Mstislav Romanovich was bought by the bounty of gifts the Polovtsian khans had brought him. But Mstislav Romanovich believed it was essential to assist the Polovtsians; otherwise, they might strike a deal with the Mongols and turn against Russia.
Sensitive to both sides, Mstislav Romanovich crafted a compromise. He not only intended to assist the Polovtsians, but also summoned the Russian princes to attend a subsequent military council for the purpose of planning how to defend the Russian principalities against the Mongols. He promptly dispatched messengers to both grand and minor princes of roughly a dozen principalities requesting that they attend the council.
A mongol warrior.
To Mstislav’s chagrin, many princes did not respond to his summons. Some replied that that they had more pressing affairs, while others did not response at all. Nevertheless, 20 princes of various ranks gathered in Kiev. The most important of them was Mstislav of Galicia, who was accompanied by Prince Daniel Romanovich.
Several other princes attended the council. Prince Mstislav “The Mute” Yaroslavovich arrived from Lutsk. In his younger days, Mstislav of Lutsk had been wounded in the face by a spear, which left his jaw and tongue badly mangled and resulted in his nickname. He could only speak in a whisper as a result of his wounds and therefore was accompanied by an attendant who would listen to what the prince whispered and repeat it in a clear voice. In addition, Mstislav Svyatoslavovich of Chernigov attended with his sons Vsevolod and Dmitriy. Also arriving to participate in the council was Vladimir Rurikovich, the Prince of Ovruch, who had been designated to represent the Principality of Smolensk.
A heated discussion occurred as to whether the Russians should furnish assistance to the Polovtsians. Many princes were categorically opposed to aiding the Polovtsians. They held that the looming clash between the Polovtsians and Mongols was simply a rebalancing of power in the steppe. As proof of their theory, they pointed to how the Polovtsians had ejected the Pecheng tribes in the late 11th century. In contrast, another faction, which was headed by Mstislav of Galicia, was spoiling for a fight. It had the support of many of the younger princes.
Mstislav Romanovich’s sons Rostislav and Vsevolod pulled their father aside to protest in private against the campaign. They said that they had their own problems with rivals in Polotsk and Grodno. Although this caused Mstislav Romanovich great frustration, he nevertheless gave his sons leave to attend to their personal affairs.
These arguments lasted three days before Mstislav Romanovich prevailed and the majority of the princes reluctantly agreed to participate in his campaign against the Mongols. Then, a new point of contention emerged. Mstislav of Galicia and Mstislav Romanovich quarreled over who should command the joint Russian forces. As the most senior prince, Mstislav Romanovich demanded to be placed in command, while many other princes wanted to see the more experienced Mstislav of Galicia in charge. Arguments threatened to collapse the fragile alliance before it even began. Vladimir Rurikovich, cousin of both princes, whose son Andrey was married to Mstislav Romanovich’s daughter, brokered a compromise. Mstislav Romanovich would command the forces of Kiev, Chernigov, and Smolensk, and Mstislav of Galicia would lead the forces of Galicia-Volhynia and Lutsk.
The Russians began preparing for war against the Mongols in mid-March 1223, and the Russian forces began gathering at the designated rendezvous point in early April. The campaign was scheduled to officially begin immediately following Orthodox Easter, which fell on April 23.
The rendezvous point was the great bend in the Dnieper River where the old trade route, Zalozni Way, began on its way southeast to the Sea of Azov. The infantry from Kiev, Chernigov, and Smolensk sailed down the Dnieper in longships while the cavalry rode along the west bank. The forces of Galicia-Volhynia, including men from Lutsk, Pinsk, and Turiv, journeyed by boat down the Dniester River to the Black Sea then along its north shore to the mouth of the Dnieper River, and then up the river to the staging areas. Polovtsian war bands steadily trickled in to join the Russians.
The Mongol army crosses the Don River after raiding in 1221 through Azerbaijan and Georgia and along the Caspian Sea.
While the Russian forces were gathering, an embassy of six Mongol envoys accompanied by two Muslim interpreters arrived at Mstislav Romanovich’s camp. The Russian leaders where not impressed by what they saw. Specifically, the Mongols were short of stature and their stocky torsos were supported by bow legs. As for their haughtiness, the Russians were greatly offended by it.
Mongol ambassadors requested that the Russian princes remain neutral in what the Mongols saw as their personal conflict with the Polovtsians; instead, the Mongols offered an alliance with the Russians. The Russians discerned that the envoys were insincere and dishonest. Moreover, they believed they were spies. Despite protests by some of the princes, Mstislav Romanovich ordered the six Mongols executed. The Russians allowed the Muslim interpreters to leave unharmed.
In mid-May the forces of Galicia-Volhynia arrived. They were followed by the main body of Polovtsians under Khan Kotyan. Another Mongol embassy arrived with the same interpreters. They made another request for Russian neutrality and again proposed an alliance. Both propositions were rejected, but this time the envoys were allowed to leave with their lives.
The mood in the Russian camp was light, for the princes were confident of victory and viewed the upcoming campaign as a minor distraction before returning to the serious business of jockeying for power. The Russian army is reported to have numbered 80,000, although its actual size was probably smaller. The cavalry is estimated to have consisted of 12,000 Russian horsemen and 8,000 Polovtsian horsemen. The rest of the Russian army was on foot.
The elite heavy cavalry that belonged to the princes fought with lances and used swords and battle axes as secondary weapons. As for the infantry, it fought with a variety of weapons, including spears, swords, war axes, maces, and bows. The Russians wore a wide variety of armor, including scale, lamellar, and mail. They carried large teardrop-shaped shields and wore conical helmets.
The Russian lack of intelligence about the Mongols was glaring. The Mongol Empire had come into being in 1206 at a great assembly of all the Mongol tribes held in Outer Mongolia. The new nomad empire was unlike previous ones in that it had a fixed center. From their base in the Mongolian steppe, the Mongols could send armies to the east or west as they saw fit.
Mongol Chieftan Temujin of the Borjigin clan was the founder of this powerful new empire. Over the course of 20 years of continuous warfare, he had succeeded in bringing all of the tribes of the grasslands north of the Gobi Desert under his personal rule. At the great assembly in 1206 he informed the clans under his rule that they would soon embark together on a conquest of other lands and peoples beyond the Mongolian steppe. In confidence of a successful campaign of conquest, he assumed the title of Genghis Khan, meaning Lord of the Earth.
As Genghis Khan had anticipated, his army of conquest was unstoppable. He subjugated the neighboring Quara Khitai Empire in 1220 and immediately afterward conquered the sprawling Khwarizm Empire, which stretched from the borders of India to those of Anatolia. Warriors of many of the defeated empires were assimilated into the Mongolian army and became bound together through common language, lifestyle, and religion.
An able and astute administrator, Genghis Khan reorganized the war bands of the Mongol tribes into a military organization based on the decimal system. A squad of 10 warriors was called a harban, a company of 100 men was known as a dzhaun, and a 1,000-strong regiment was called a mingan.
As the Mongol army grew in size, a larger division-sized unit called a toumen was formed from 10,000 warriors. The officers, known as noyans, were typically members of tribal aristocracy, but promotion by merit was widespread and members of humble backgrounds frequently rose to upper ranks. The most senior ranks, which commanded a corps composed of two or more toumens, were reserved for members of Genghis Khan’s immediate family and his most trusted commanders.
The bulk of Genghis Khan’s army was composed of horse archers. These horsemen had been trained from early childhood to hunt and fight and were inured to the suffering and harsh conditions of the Mongolian steppe. The striking power of the Mongols was based on their extraordinary mobility, with each soldier leading a string of four to six horses and capable of remaining in the saddle for days. Genghis Khan and his generals readily adopted the advanced military technology and skills possessed by the people they conquered. For example, they assimilated artillery and engineering skills from the Persians and Chinese. Each large Mongol unit included a staff of astute Chinese administrators who collected and collated reports by scouts and spies and questioned travelers and merchants about the lands of interest to the Mongols.
Numerous foreign travelers noted the high quality of Mongol weapons, armor, and equipment. Each Mongol warrior was equipped with “a sword, a club, a bow, sixty arrows: thirty small arrows with a short, iron point used for piercing remote targets and thirty larger ones with broad arrowheads which were tossed at people who were very near in order to injure their faces, shoulders, cut the bow strings and cause damage,” wrote Italian explorer Marco Polo. In addition to the lightly armored horse archers, the Mongol army included a significant number of heavy cavalry who wore lamellar armor and whose horses were often armored as well.
After overseeing the conquest of the Khwarezmian Empire, Genghis Khan made plans to return to Mongolia. Before his departure, he granted permission to his top general, Subutai, to conduct a reconnaissance-in-force. Subutai already was contemplating future campaigns of conquest and the reconnaissance would aid in planning them. Genghis Khan ordered another to general, Jebe, to accompany Subutai. For their reconnaissance, the two commanders had 20,000 troops.
Subutai and Jebe defeated a Georgian army three times the size of theirs in 1220 and then marched into the steppe lands occupied by the Polovtsians. They planned to camp for a prolonged period in the steppe to regain their strength. During that time they would dispatch envoys to negotiate with the Russians. The envoys not only negotiated, but also assessed an enemy’s strength through observations reported to the senior commanders.
Path of Subutai and Jebe. From northern Iran to Kalka river. (map taken from warmaps)
The day after the second Mongol embassy departed, Polovtsian scouts on the east bank of the Dnieper River reported contact with leading elements of the Mongol army. Eager to cross swords with the mysterious enemy, the Russians built a bridge by lashing boats together and nailing planks on top of them to facilitate the crossing of their cavalry. The first across were 500 horsemen under Daniel Romanovich. Afterward, more Russians and Polovtsians streamed over the bridge of boats. The Mongols fell back along the Zalozni Way, shooting arrows over their shoulders from their composite bows. The Russians and Polovtsians marveled at the accuracy and range of the Mongol horse archers.
A small unit of Mongols was trapped by the Polovtsians and Russians. More Mongols and Russians joined in and soon thousands of riders whirred in a sharp melee. The Mongols began falling back, scattering before larger numbers, quickly reforming just out of reach and closing in again, always firing their bows. As more and more Russian and Polovtsians cavalry crossed the river and joined the fray, the Mongols melted away. Young Russian princes who had their blood up wanted to pursue the Mongols, but Mstislav of Galicia restrained them.
Encouraged by their first success against the Mongols, Russian forces continued crossing the river; in the process, they brought commercial traffic on the river to an abrupt halt. After the crossing was completed, the plank bridge was dissembled and the long ships beached on the east bank of the river under guard of 300 foot soldiers.
The Russian princes bickered once again at an evening council about the issue of command. Neither Mstislav of Galicia nor Mstislav Romanovich was willing to acknowledge the other’s leadership. Another compromise was reached. This time Mstislav of Galicia was placed in charge of the vanguard, which consisted of the troops of the principalities of Galicia-Volhynia and Lutsk. Mstislav Romanovich commanded the main body of the Russian army. There was tension within the main body of the army as well for both Mstislav of Chernigov and Prince Vladimir Rurikovich of Smolensk desired to march at the head of the main body rather than their respective contingents.
The Russian army followed the Mongols for seven days along the Zalozni Way, passing over a seemingly unending terrain of rolling hills and small rivers. The Mongols were always in sight, but just out of reach. Frequent skirmishes occurred between the Polovtsians and Mongol scouts. Marching columns and wagon trains of the Russian army stretched over 15 miles. Thick screens of Polovtsian cavalry protected the flanks of the column.
The squabbling among the Russian princes continued unabated. Mstislav of Galicia was pressing for faster advance, demanding to be reinforced by mounted contingents from Chernigov and Smolensk in order to locate and pin down the main Mongol army before the Russians went too far into vast steppe. In contrast, Mstislav Romanovich demanded that the army slow down so that infantry could keep up. The foot-sore Russian infantry had grown weary under the hot sun and grew more fatigued with each passing day.
On May 30, the eighth day of the pursuit, the Russian forces reached the fords in the Kalka River, a narrow tributary flowing south through the hilly terrain to the Sea of Azov. Although the exact location remains unknown, it is believed to be 20 miles north of the modern-day city of Mariupol on the north shore of the Sea of Azov.
The forces of Galicia-Volhynia, Lutsk, and Smolensk splashed across and set up their camps on the east side of the river, while those of Chernigov established their camp in the immediate vicinity of the ford on the west side. As for Mstislav Romanovich, he moved his Kievan contingent to a steep hill a half-mile from the river. It was a strong position that was protected by deep ravines on the south and east side of the prominence.
At that point, the two senior commanders argued over strategy. Mstislav Romanovich wanted to slow the army’s speed of advance. He therefore proposed a new marching order. The Chernigov forces would lead the way. The main body following them would be arrayed as follows: the Smolenskian troops on the right, Lutskian troops on the left, and Kievan troops in the middle. In a deliberate move to restrain Mstislav of Galicia, Mstislav Romanovich ordered that his rival’s forces constitute the rear guard. Mstislav of Galicia left the council in a huff without consenting to the new marching order.
Before dawn on May 31 the Polovtsian scouts returned to Mstislav of Galicia with news that they had spotted the main Mongol camp. Knowing that if he alerted the other princes to this development—especially Mstislav Romanovich—the large part of the morning would be spent arguing about the course of action, Mstislav of Galicia made the crucial decision to prepare his troops for action without the usual trumpet signals.
Despite the precautions taken by Mstislav of Galicia, his preparations were noticed by sentries in the Smolensk camp, who promptly alerted their prince. Quickly discovering what was underway and not wishing to be left out of the upcoming action and glory, Vladimir of Smolensk ordered his trumpeters to rouse his troops. The commotion in the Smolensk camp in turn alerted the men of Chernigov bivouacked on the west bank of the river. Prince Mstislav of Chernigov rushed to inform Mstislav Romanovich.
The Grand Prince of Kiev angrily observed the preparations from his hilltop position as his rival’s forces formed up and marched over the hill on the other side of the river. The men of Smolensk soon disappeared from view as well, and grumbling began in the Chernigov camp. Most of the Chernigov commanders wanted to march for they were anxious to participate in the action; however, Prince Mstislav of Chernigov would not march without Mstislav of Galicia’s permission, and he would not give it.
The first to make contact with the enemy were the Polovtsians, who were spread out ahead of the coalition force in a thick screen under the joint command of Khan Kotyan and Yarun, one of Mstislav of Galicia’s officers. They brushed aside the Mongol pickets before running into a small Mongol vanguard, which retreated after a brief clash. Close on the heels of the retreating Mongols, the Polovtsians came upon a small Mongol camp, which they took for the leading element of the main Mongol army. Quickly overrunning the camp and pushing on in a headlong pursuit, the Polovtsians encountered the main body of Mongols, which had been cleverly concealed behind a chain of rolling hills. The Mongols’ initial volley of arrows emptied hundreds of Polovtsian saddles. The Mongol heavy cavalry then overran the Polovtsians.
An argument over strategy left the various parts of the Russian army vulnerable to destruction. When the Polovtsians fled in panic, the Russians had to fight for their lives.
The Polovtsian collapse was as complete as it was sudden. Believing it was on the verge of easy victory, the Polovtsian cavalry was suddenly confronted with ordered ranks of Mongol cavalry. Thousands of Polovtsians fled in panic, unheeding any and all attempts by their leaders to rally them. Although some escaped to the north and south, the main body of Polovtsians fled northwest the way they had come, right into the path of the advancing Russian forces attempting to catch up to them.
The leading Russian column consisted of 500 Volyn cavalry under Prince Daniel. The torrent of fleeing Polovtsian riders disordered and scattered them. The Polovtsians also disordered the men of Galich and Lutsk who did not have time to close up. The only troops that were not immediately disordered by the Polovtsian retreat were those from the Smolensk force. Given that they were farther back along the route of advance, the Smolensk cavalry had sufficient warning. Prince Vladimir of Smolensk ordered his horsemen to close ranks, and they formed a circle on a low hillock.
The Mongols smashed into the disordered horsemen under Prince Daniel. In turn, each Russian mounted detachment became isolated, desperately fighting to link up with the others. From the top of the small hillock, Prince Vladimir could see the unfolding disaster. His troops were an island in the sea of disordered Russians and Polovtsians. His trumpeters repeatedly sounded the rally for other groups of Russian cavalry that had become separated to join them. Realizing the futility of remaining in place, Prince Vladimir ordered an attack to link up with Mstislav of Galicia, so that the Russians could withdraw together. Seeing the banner of Mstislav of Galicia falling back, other Russian cavalry forces began retreating as well. Prince Daniel fought bravely and was wounded several times. Barely able to stay in his saddle, he was supported on each side by a bodyguard.
The main body of the Mongols swept around the Russian cavalry to reach the infantry of Galicia-Volhynia and Smolensk. These lightly armored foot soldiers, to their credit, were falling back in some semblance of order. The Mongol horse archers rode back and forth along the Russian ranks, firing into them at point-blank range, inflicting heavy casualties in the process. The Russian infantry eventually broke under the merciless barrage of arrows. The panicked foot soldiers streamed in flight toward the Kalka River.
Back at the Kalka River crossing, the first fleeing Polovtsians arrived at 11 am with news of the unfolding disaster. But Mstislav Romanovich refused to budge from his position on top of his rocky knoll. Not wishing to wait any longer, Prince Mstislav of Chernigov took his forces forward. About an hour later, he led his troops across the river. They deployed to march in battle formation with the infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks.
Before the men of Chernigov marched forward, retreating groups of infantry from Galicia-Volhynia and Smolensk arrived. The men of Chernigov closed ranks to keep the panicked men from disordering them. Desperate foot soldiers clawed at the Chernigov shield wall in blind panic in an attempt to squeeze their way through to perceived safety. The Mongol heavy cavalry rode behind and among the retreating infantry, spearing panic-stricken men with impunity. Before the Chernigov infantry had the chance to close the gaps caused by the fleeing men, the Mongols succeeded in cracking their line.
Prince Mstislav of Chernigov counterattacked with his cavalry, allowing his infantry to reform and briefly halted the Mongols. The fighting grew both in its intensity and brutality. Mstislav of Chernigov’s two nephews were cut down. The Mongols also felled Prince Mstislav of Chernigov. His son, Vsevolod, was able to briefly maintain control. But when the Mongols slayed him as well, the men of Chernigov began a disordered retreat back across the river. Just in the nick of time, though, the remaining cavalry of Galicia-Volhynia, Lutsk, and Smolensk attacked the Mongols from behind. As the Mongols fell back to reform, a lull settled over the battlefield.
On the east bank of the Kalka River, Mstislav of Galicia rallied the surviving cavalry of Galicia-Volhynia, Lutsk, and Smolensk. A humiliated Mstislav of Galicia appealed to Mstislav Romanovich for help. Even seeing his rival humbled, the Grand Prince of Kiev still refused to budge from his fortified camp. His 2,000 men were among the best armed and experienced troops in the entire Russian army. With a heavy heart, Mstislav of Galicia ordered a general retreat sounded. His surviving troops withdrew to the west bank of the Kalka River where they began the long trek back to the Dnieper River and the awaiting longships.
Prince Mstislav Mstislavovich of Galicia-Volhynia crosses the Dnieper River with the Mongols in close pursuit in a romantic depiction of the incident.
The Russian infantry was in bad shape. Many had discarded their arms and armor in their flight. They staggered along the track, suffering from heat, thirst, and wounds. On the evening of May 31, the Mongols caught up to the retreating Russians. In order to buy time for his infantry to reform, Mstislav of Galicia led his cavalry in a desperate counterattack. His two nephews, Izyaslav and Svaytoslav, both died in the desperate fighting. The Mongol archers once again took a heavy toll of the beleaguered Russian infantry. Darkness brought a welcome end to fighting for the Russians.
Weary Russian princes gathered to discuss their next course of action. It was painfully obvious that the tattered remnant of the Russian infantry was in no condition to escape the fast-moving Mongol cavalry nor could it offer an effective defense. With that in mind, the surviving Russian cavalry could either remain with the infantry where they would in all likelihood perish alongside them, or they could abandon the infantry to their fate in the hope of making their own escape. With heavy hearts, the majority of the princes made the brutal decision to abandon the infantry. The only one who did not was young Prince Dmitriy Mstislavovich from Chernigov. He and his small retinue of men-at-arms valiantly decided to fight to the death.
Many of the infantrymen managed to slip away during the night. The desertions continued in the early morning hours of June 1 as Dmitriy Mstislavovich formed up the remaining men for battle. The Mongols appeared shortly after dawn. The Russians held out for almost an hour. When Dmitriy Mstislavovich fell, all resistance collapsed. After several hours spent riding down and slaughtering the fleeing Russians, the bulk of the Mongols withdrew. The infantry of Galicia-Volhynia, Chernigov, Lutsk, and Smolensk were virtually annihilated by that point.
On the evening of June 1 approximately 1,200 surviving Russian cavalrymen halted to rest on their way back to the Dnieper River. When the time came to leave again in the morning, Prince Yuri Glebovich of Nesvizh halted to rest his troops on the belief that they were sufficiently safe from the pursuit. The other princes continued their withdrawal without him, but the Mongols soon appeared. They proceeded to slaughter nearly all of Prince Yuri’s 100 remaining men, as well as the prince himself. The Mongols then withdrew to the Kalka River.
Approximately 1,000 Russian cavalry reached the Dnieper River and the safety of long ships. After ferrying his men across the river, Prince Mstislav of Galicia ordered the rest of the boats burned so that the Mongols, if still in pursuit, could not use them to get across. Once on the west bank of the river, Mstislav of Galicia and Mstislav of Lutsk, accompanied by a seriously wounded Daniel Romanovich, headed to Galich. Prince Vladimir of Smolensk led his troops back to Kiev.
Having crossed the Kalka River, Subutai and Jebe divided their army into two sections. One section encircled the Kievans’ fortified camp, while the other section chased the retreating Russian forces. The Russians were in a good defensive position, protected by circled wagons and sharpened stakes. The slopes of the hill were sufficiently steep to prevent a Mongol mounted attack; for that reason, the Mongol warriors launched a dismounted attack. The Russian warriors, who were sheltered behind and on top of their wagons, repulsed multiple assaults. In vain, the Mongols tried to hook and pull apart the wagons, while the Russian warriors stabbed and slashed at them from above. Crouched behind their shields and wagons, the Russians succeeded in blunting the Mongol archery.
After three days of attacks, the Mongol commanders sent Mstislav Romanovich an offer of safe passage if the Russians left behind their weapons, banners, and possessions. Mstislav Romanovich refused, for surrendering their weapons and banners would result in a major blow to his prestige. But the Russian position had one major weakness, which was that it was a half mile from the river. By the end of the third day of siege, the Kievans were nearly out of water.
Mstislav Romanovich held a war council to determine his next steps. Most of his commanders argued for retaining their weapons and fighting their way out of the trap. While the Grand Prince of Kiev was mulling over his options, a Mongol envoy arrived. The envoy’s name was Ploskinya, and he was the leader of the Brodniki band that served as scouts. Brodniki were escaped serfs and slaves from Russian lands who settled on the far outskirts of the steppes and frequently intermarried with local nomads. Ploskinya had a Russian father and a Polovtsian mother. He swore on a cross that the Mongols were sincere in their promises of safe passage. Taking Ploskinya at his word, Mstislav Romanovich ordered his men to disarm.
As the Russians marched out of their camp, they laid down their arms and armor and set off northwest after refilling their canteens from the Kalka River. Mstislav Romanovich and his two sons-in-law, Prince Aleksander Glebovich of Dubrovitsy and Prince Andrei Vladimirovich, became separated from their men and were captured by the Mongols. Alarmed at their circumstances, they asked what their fate would be. They were told that they would be held for ransom, but not harmed. Once the column of disarmed Kiev warriors was out of sight of its abandoned camp, the Mongols overtook the column and slaughtered most of the unarmed troops. Those who were mounted, which numbered about 200 warriors, managed to escape.
The Mongols then turned their attention to the captured princes. They bound Mstislav Romanovich and his two sons-in-law by hand and foot. These high-ranking Russians were informed that the punishment for killing Mongol ambassadors was death; however, Mongol custom allowed the shedding of princely blood only in battle. The three Russian princes were then placed on the ground and boards were laid on top of them. Subutai, Jebe, and several senior Mongol commanders climbed the wobbly platform for a victory feast. As the Mongols leaders laughed and celebrated their victory, the three captive Russian princes were crushed to death.
The disaster that befell the combined Russian forces at the Kalka River was devastating. Less than one-tenth of the army returned home. A dozen Russian princes died. As soon as Prince Vladimir of Smolensk reached Kiev, he declared himself regent until the return of Mstislav Romanovich. The fate of the Kiev contingent was yet unknown, but Prince Vladimir was gambling that Mstislav Romanovich would not return and began maneuvering accordingly.
As soon as the three sons of Mstislav Romanovich returned to Kiev from their own campaign against Grodno and Polotsk, they immediately began plotting to remove Prince Vladimir from Kiev. Yet Vladimir, who was supported by Mstislav of Galicia and Daniel Romanovich, ultimately gained the upper hand. In the wake of his triumph, he exiled them from Kiev.
After Mstislav of Galicia died of natural causes in 1228, Daniel Romanovich became a major force in southwestern Russia. He succeeded in navigating the dangerous political shoals that confronted him. He had to muster all of his political skills to deftly handle the Mongols, Hungarians, Poles, and Lithuanians. By the time of his death in 1264, Daniel had greatly enhanced the prestige and expanded the territory of Galicia-Volhynia; for his achievements, he is revered in Ukraine as one of the region’s greatest leaders.
Subutai returned to Russia with Batu Khan in 1237 to resume operations against the Russians. By systematically destroying Russian cities, they compelled defeated princes to become compliant vassals.
Khan Kotyan eventually fled to Hungary with tens of thousands of his followers after suffering another crushing defeat at the hands of Mongols in 1237. When King of Hungary Bela IV offered the Polovtsians asylum in Hungary, Kotyan converted to Catholicism and wed another one of his daughters to Bela’s son, the future King Stephen V. But the Hungarian nobles never completely trusted Kotyan, who was christened Jonas on his conversion. The former Polovtsian khan was assassinated in 1241 on the eve of the Mongol invasion of Hungary.
After remaining on the steppe lands south of Russia until the end of 1223, the armies of Subutai and Jebe returned to Mongolia. Their reconnaissance campaign, which had lasted three years and covered more than 5,500 miles, was a resounding success. They not only returned with a tremendous amount of plunder, but also had gleaned invaluable insight into the Russian political situation and military strength. Furthermore, they had seen with their own eyes the characteristics of the terrain.
Subutai and Genghis Khan’s grandson Batu returned to Russia in 1237. Over the course of the next two years he subjugated a number of Russian principalities, including Kiev, Chernigov, and Galicia-Volhynia. Thus began a 240-year period known as the Mongol Yoke in which many of the Russian princes became vassals of the Mongols. Russian vassalage to the Mongols officially ended in 1480 with the defeat of the Golden Horde at the Great Stand on the Ugra River.
Author: Victor Kamenir

Hey ChatGPT community!
Recently I've created my own Support AI chatbot in less than 15 minutes, and paid almost nothing in comparison with what Support AI chat generators market provides!
https://preview.redd.it/jlyd3tniwq3d1.png?width=3584&format=png&auto=webp&s=a9df5a74a6849392618919559c0e56e6614f5ff0
By the way I’m Daniel and from time to time I build automations for myself and clients. Let’s go to explore AI Chatbots for your website;)
Lemme figure it out. What should a chatbot be like in 2024?

1. The first and most important thing. It should be based on AI.
2. Next, it must be connected to the database of your product.
3. Finally, the database must be constantly updated so that the bot can work smoothly.

Why? 24/7 working support ai-assistant provides constant and quick support to clients, which is difficult to make with staff.
His ability to learn from the company data that you provide to him, and using this knowledge, allows him to give complete answers based on the specific features of your company.
As a result, your company's efficiency increases, unnecessary workload on staff is reduced and costs are reduced.

Creating support AI chatbot for website: pros & cons (my tips)

Having an AI bot as a first line of support obviously is a coin with 2 sides. Let’s go through all the factors first.

Support AI chatbot pros:

• Website chatbot doesn’t require people human resources
• This AI bot can deal with most customer questions
• Chatbot for websites are easily customizable

Support website chatbot cons:

• Complex issues still require people to be involved
• Customers don’t really like speaking to AI bot instead of real people

My custom solution for $1,19 per 100 resolution

Latenode + Chatwoot + ChatGPT

https://preview.redd.it/f2hiyf2ewq3d1.png?width=1910&format=png&auto=webp&s=7ad836a3751184237ba2d1d7a6760a45f92a51a1
Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome!
Here’s my custom solution that we’d like to share with you. What you see on this picture is an automation scenario on Latenode platform
But what about the price? Let's count together.
Generating 100 recipes uses about 150 GPT input tokens and 250 output tokens, and each run of this automated workflow costs just 1 execution credit on latenode.com.
Here's the formula: (GPT input tokens * Price Per Input Token + GPT output tokens * Price Per Output Token + Latenode Credits to execute your automation) * 100
So, (150 * $0.00001 + 250 * $0.00003 + $0.0019) * 100 = $1.19
Just follow the step-by-step instructions to set it up in 15 minutes.
To run this scenario, you’ also need to have:

• Chatwoot account (which is free)
• OpenAI account with ability to create AI assistants

Leave "+" under this post and I'll send you the template, you don't need to do anything- just copy it and follow the step-by-step instruction.

You’re welcome to try it out yourself! If you’ll face any troubles during creating this workflow, leave your message in the comments to this post.I’ll be glad to ask your questions!
That’s it! See you soon and happy automating!🏌

1710 Peaceful Hollow Drive, Horseshoe Bend, AR 72512
Gorgeous .32 acre lot in an excellent location in the Ozarks!
GPS Coordinates are 36.237256216313, -91.71716413983941.
Plenty of privacy on this lot and when you're ready for nearby some recreation, swing by either Diamond Lake or Crown Lake!
Priced way below area comparable sales in the area!

Debit/Credit Cards Accepted No Closing Costs Cash Price: $1,200 Finance with $200 Down and 12 Payments of $110 Per Month No Credit Check, No Income Documentation, No Prepayment Penalty 

Property Address: 1710 Peaceful Hollow Drive, Horseshoe Bend, AR 72512 (Map location is approximate)
County: Izard
Assessor Parcel Number: 800-05392-000
Legal Description: Lot 448, Green Briar Addition
Zoning: Residential
Annual Property Taxes: $4.87
About Horseshoe Bend:
The best kept secret in north Arkansas is Horseshoe Bend. Nestled in the Ozark Mountains on the Strawberry River, this quaint town is the perfect place to find rest, relaxation, and recreation.
The crown jewel of the town is the 640-acre Crown Lake. On Crown Lake, water lovers can participate in a variety of activities, including swimming, kayaking, paddle boarding, water skiing, and tubing. Crown Lake is best known for good fishing, but it is not the only sought-after fishing hole in the area. Besides Crown Lake and the Strawberry River, fishing enthusiasts can also visit one of the smaller fishing lakes – Diamond, Pioneer, and North.
There are plenty of activities for young and old alike! Golfers have their choice between two par 3, 18-hole golf courses. Citizens and guests can also bowl, pitch horseshoes, and play miniature golf. The town has several stores, a library, three resorts, a community theater, a spa, and several restaurants.
The citizens of Horseshoe Bend take pride in the community spirit and the ability to offer a memorable experience for all who come to visit. The Music in the Mountains show occurs every third Saturday of the month, and during summer, the Farmers’ Market occurs every Wednesday. Every year, the town celebrates Dogwood Days on the second Saturday of May, and Independence Day is celebrated every 4th of July with a parade and fireworks. The annual Christmas parade occurs on the first Saturday in December. There are many more events that happen throughout the year, thanks to the numerous civic groups which are active in Horseshoe Bend. All of these events embrace the unique Ozark culture of small-town pride and fellowship.
The largest town in Izard County with 2,180 residents, Horseshoe Bend is accessible to the state’s most scenic highways. The town is centrally located and just a 3-hour drive to Little Rock, Memphis, and Springfield. With its gorgeous views, slower pace of life, and laid-back charm, Horseshoe Bend is the perfect place to stay a week or a lifetime.
More Information on Horseshoe Bend can be found at http://ozarklandstore.com/.
View our amazing property deals at TheLotStore.Com.
Additional Information: https://thelotstore.com/property/1710-peaceful-hollow-drive-horseshoe-bend-ar-72512/?feed_id=12596

Hey chatbot community!
Recently I've created my own Support AI chatbot in less than 15 minutes, and paid almost nothing in comparison with what Support AI chat generators market provides!
​
https://preview.redd.it/bgkol72tum3d1.png?width=3584&format=png&auto=webp&s=c16a885b0e1f340a1c809dc94ab83780198708a4
By the way I’m Daniel and from time to time I build automations for myself and clients. Let’s go to explore AI Chatbots for your website;)
Lemme figure it out. What should a chatbot be like in 2024?

1. The first and most important thing. It should be based on AI.
2. Next, it must be connected to the database of your product.
3. Finally, the database must be constantly updated so that the bot can work smoothly.

Why? 24/7 working support ai-assistant provides constant and quick support to clients, which is difficult to make with staff.
His ability to learn from the company data that you provide to him, and using this knowledge, allows him to give complete answers based on the specific features of your company.
As a result, your company's efficiency increases, unnecessary workload on staff is reduced and costs are reduced.

Creating support AI chatbot for website: pros & cons (my tips)

Having an AI bot as a first line of support obviously is a coin with 2 sides. Let’s go through all the factors first.

Support AI chatbot pros:

• Website chatbot doesn’t require people human resources
• This AI bot can deal with most customer questions
• Chatbot for websites are easily customizable

Support website chatbot cons:

• Complex issues still require people to be involved
• Customers don’t really like speaking to AI bot instead of real people

I faced the same problem and wondered how to create an AI chatbot. After some research and finding the right tools, I decided to develop my own AI chat generator as part of our automation platform.
But before I show you my version of the web chatbot, let’s take a look at what’s currently available on the market.
‍

Price of Intercom vs Chatbase

Intercom, like it’s said on their website, 1 successful reply would cost $0.99, which leaves us with $99 for a hundred replies of the AI chat bot. ‍
Chatbase is another AI chatbox solution, and it allows you to add an AI chat widget powered by chatGPT to your website. But let’s look deeper.
According to their pricing, 100 replies of their website AI chat bot would cost:
Monthly Price / (Credits Amount / Credits Per Request)
($19 / (2,000 / 10)) * 100 = $9.5
Hmm,it’s cheaper, but I believe we could save even more money! It’s time to see my custom AI chat bot.
My custom solution for $1,19 per 100 resolution

Latenode + Chatwoot + ChatGPT

Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome!
Here’s my custom solution that we’d like to share with you. What you see on this picture is an automation scenario on latenode.com
​
https://preview.redd.it/8e35jdhxum3d1.png?width=1910&format=png&auto=webp&s=2dbbd9eb1d42a596dfc9628ddfb7629062437810
But what about the price? Let's count together.
Generating 100 recipes uses about 150 GPT input tokens and 250 output tokens, and each run of this automated workflow costs just 1 execution credit on latenode.com.
Here's the formula: (GPT input tokens * Price Per Input Token + GPT output tokens * Price Per Output Token + Latenode Credits to execute your automation) * 100
So, (150 * $0.00001 + 250 * $0.00003 + $0.0019) * 100 = $1.19
Just follow the step-by-step instructions to set it up in 15 minutes.
‍
To run this scenario, you’ also need to have:

• Chatwoot account (which is free)
• OpenAI account with ability to create AI assistants

‍ It's 83x times cheaper than Intercom and almost 8x cheaper than Chatbase!
It integrates with Chatwoot for website widgets and ChatGPT for responses. You don't need to recreate it- just copy this template:
https://latenode.notion.site/How-to-set-up-customer-support-ai-assistant-75c2da62d67c4e839892f57868517b9a?pvs=4
You’re welcome to try it out yourself! If you’ll face any troubles during creating this workflow, leave your message in the comments to this post.I’ll be glad to ask your questions!
That’s it! See you soon and happy automating!🏌

​
​
40th Vice President Hiram L. Fong (HI) vs Senator Edward M. Kennedy (MA)
​
Background: As President Nelson Rockefeller finishes the final months of his second term, the Republicans look to Vice President Hiram Fong in order to keep the White House under their keep. The Democrats, however, now look to the young Senator Edward Kennedy in order to reclaim the presidency. While the Republicans are straddled with constant criticisms and protests over the Vietnam War, the Democrats must navigate the treacherous waters of Ted Kennedy's own controversial past.
Both Fong and Kennedy, who have received strong backings from their respective political establishment, must work to secure the votes of key voting blocks in the general election. Senator Kennedy, a continually outspoken liberal, has seen a resistance from the party's more center-left and conservative wing be hesitant to support him due to his lack of an ability to properly govern without their support. Fong, however, struggles to better energize conservative and Midwestern voters who are more skeptical of the more centrist liberal.
While neither Fong nor Kennedy have sought to use mudslinging in their respective campaigns, some within the Republican Party have put a heavy emphasis to criticize the latter for his role in the Chappaquiddick incident, in which he was ultimately charged with leaving the scene of an accident that caused the death of passenger Mary Jo Kopechne. This controversial moment resulted in the Democratic senator to two months in prison with a year on probation, leaving many on both sides to call for his resignation from the Senate.
When looking at the layout of the electoral map, pundits have noted numerous western states such as Nevada, Idaho, Colorado, and even California being in play for either candidate. Due the rise of the progressive counterculture on California campuses, some have seen the reliably-red state as a potential pickup for Kennedy, and one that would massively change the battlefield due to its large share of the electoral vote. This comes as Fong seeks to claim Texas and Minnesota in the general election, touting his ability to work with a bipartisan atmosphere and own humble upbringings. Outside of the west, surveys have seen Kennedy and Fong come neck to neck in key swing states like New York, Pennsylvania, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, and Florida.
​
Debates:
Throughout the debates, many of questions posed would revolve around the Vietnam War, economy, equal rights, foreign policy, and healthcare. Hiram Fong would tout his advantages through the economy, civil rights, foreign policy, environmental policies, healthcare, and the progress made in ending the Vietnam War due in part to his expanded duties as vice president. Kennedy, however, would push forward on matters of alternative energy, welfare, education, feminism, and other cultural matters.
Vice President Fong would note the current successes of the Rockefeller Administration in regards to removing more troops out of Vietnam, with a goal of convincing all factions in the war to sign a peace treaty by next year. Kennedy, however, would argue how the current process is taking too long, and that the war has still been expanding into Cambodia, costing hundreds of civilian casualties, a claim Fong would adamantly deny. Kennedy, however, would state that he would honor and continue the peace treaty process started by Rockefeller's administration. During these debates, Fong would continually point how Kennedy, like many Democrats, had initially supported U.S. intervention when President Walter Reuther first began conflict with Vietnam. When both were asked about giving amnesty to war resisters, neither Kennedy nor Fong would give concrete answers. While Fong expressed sympathies for protesters treated poorly by law enforcement, he stated that each individual case would require analysis to compare offenses committed versus the treatment and punishments given. Meanwhile, Kennedy would state that draft dodgers and those who burnt draft cards should be forced to serve out their prison sentences, if lightened by a certain amount.
On the matter of the economy, Fong would note the lowering inflation and new surplus of jobs, crediting the success of Rockefeller's economic strategy. Fong himself stated that he would continue Rockefeller's economic policies, with the added goal of instating tax reductions for the middle class, as well as seeking to begin cutting military funding once America had removed any and all traces of military presence from Vietnam. Kennedy, however, would argue that Rockefeller's economic policies had not taken into account how to better address those already in low-income brackets, and that the federal government must take action to provide them with better aid. When asked if Kennedy would support budget cuts or tax reductions, Kennedy would neither decline or give a full endorsement. Fong would press this matter, demanding that the people have full transparency on whether or not the president would seek to raise taxes, with Kennedy being forced to admit that he had no idea as to whether or not he would.
When the discussion went to the matter of civil rights, Kennedy would quickly position himself as a major supporter of affirmative action programs that would require colleges to provide a bridge between marginalized groups and higher education. Vice President Fong, while supportive and openly endorsing the concept of affirmative action programs, did express concern over how said quotas would impact certain groups over others, and wanted to allow state education systems some form of leeway in order to best accommodate the quotas to fit their populations' specific demographics. When asked about their support for the enforcement of integration on school buses, both Fong and Kennedy would give their support to the matter.
On the matter of healthcare, both Fong and Kennedy would give varied levels of support to the concept of government healthcare programs. While Fong has already pushed how the current plans for Medicare and Medicaid are already designed to account for the elderly, impoverished, new immigrants, disabled, veterans, those suffering from the death of a spouse, and their families, Kennedy would argue that the bills weren't widespread enough. While Kennedy himself would note the concept of universal healthcare as a stronger alternative, Fong has called the idea far too extreme and would completely lower the quality of healthcare access, as well as give bureaucrats power over the private healthcare decisions of families. Kennedy himself would be forced to take a more moderate stance, admitting that the concept of universal healthcare may not be plausible or practical. Fong himself, however, would be forced to recognize the failure of the Rockefeller Administration in establishing the healthcare programs in fast enough time, as well as failing to account for certain necessities like dentistry and psychological treatment for trauma victims.
When asked about their respective goals for conservation and environmentalism. Fong would discuss his intentions to further expand the national parks program, increase regulations on pesticides, and create new social programs to better involve local communities with recycling and conservation efforts. Kennedy himself would discuss the need to invest in alternative energy sources, stating how fossil fuels and gasoline were not sustainable energy sources, and would create a Department of Energy tasked with researching how to better implement green energy into infrastructure of certain federal buildings. When asked about the concept of nuclear energy, Vice President Fong would discuss how the controversial energy could be utilized if first experimented upon through a federal program before releasing the technology and research to private companies, thus creating new jobs and infrastructure for poorer counties.
With the the final focus being on foreign policy, Vice President Fong would highlight his own role in regards to helping to expand diplomatic ties with various Asian countries. Fong would also discuss the benefits of bettering diplomatic relations with China, despite its ties with the Soviet Union, in order to better influence Asian countries via stronger ties with the communist nation's pre-established diplomatic ties. Kennedy himself would discuss needing to convince Britain to remove troops from Northern Ireland, and using America's greater influence within NATO and United Nations in order to establish a United Ireland. With the matter of the Soviet Union, Hiram Fong would argue towards using excess money not spent by the U.S. military and shift it towards aiding the neighboring countries of the Soviets in order to enhance their respective influences against any pressure from Russia. Fong would back this claim up by noting how the Soviets would use their close proximity to smaller countries in order to pressure said nations to make military and diplomatic decisions that would benefit Russia more. Kennedy would criticize the idea as an open invitation for more reckless military spending, and claimed that the Soviets had never used their proximity as a means to influence their neighbors, but this claim would be proven false by numerous foreign policy experts.
​
Candidates:
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Hiram Leong Fong: 40th Vice President of the United States of America (1965-present), Senator from Hawaii (1959-present), Speaker of the Hawaii House of Representatives (1946-1954). Gerald Rudolph Ford: 45th Speaker of the House (1969-present), House Minority Leader (1965-1969), Republican House Conference Chairman (1963-1965), Representative for MI-05 (1949-present).
Hiram Fong: "Fong and Ford for America!"
After serving as the right-hand man of Nelson Rockefeller for the past eight years, Hiram Fong now returns to the national stage to run for the presidency, again. On the campaign trail, Fong has highlighted the successes of the Rockefeller Administration in regards to economic recovery, civil rights expansion, and environmental protections. In his own merits, Vice President Fong has promoted his own successes in strengthening diplomatic ties with China and other eastern countries, helping to lobby new immigration reforms, and the current progress being made to create new healthcare programs for elderly and impoverished. If elected, Fong has promised to further pursue expanding on desegregation policies in both education and the work force, reforming the immigration system, and begin exploring new benefits to better aid the shellshocked soldiers returning from Vietnam.
While Fong has labeled himself as a centrist Republican, some of the more right-wing members of the party have questioned the Vice President's willingness to aid the conservative agenda. This, in part, would lead Vice President Fong to selecting House Speaker Gerald Ford as his running mate to better win over the right with the latter's history of helping to pass conservative legislation. This would leave numerous conservatives expressing frustration, and some within the party threatening a write-in campaign against Fong, instead voting for conservatives like Ronald Reagan and Barry Goldwater. While Fong has tried to mitigate these claims as small insurgences that typically dwindle out by the general election, some would notice Fong's hesitation to completely brush off the write-in effort.
Endorsements: President Nelson Rockefeller (NY), House Majority Leader Richard H. Poff (VA), House Majority Whip John Jacob Rhodes (AZ), Senate Majority Leader Hugh Scott (PA), Senate Majority Whip Robert P. Griffin (MI), Senator Neal Blaisdell (HI), Senator Margaret Chase Smith (ME), Senator Lowell Weicker (CT), Frmr Senator Robert Taft Jr. (OH), Senator William B. Saxbe (OH), Senator Mark Hatfield (OR), Senator Richard Schweiker (PA), Senator Bob Dole (KS), Senator Howard Baker (TN), Senator Bill Brock (TN), Senator John Tower (TX), Senator Daniel Inouye (D-HI), Senator James L. Buckley (C-NY), Senator Edward Brooke (MA), Governor Arch Moore (WV), Governor Ronald Reagan (CA), Governor Malcom Wilson (NY), Governor Winfield Dunn (TN), Governor Stanley K. Hathaway (WY), Governor Francis Sargent (MA), John Wayne (CA), Connie Francis (NJ), Randolph Scott (CA), Wilt Chamberlain (CA), Tony Martin (CA).
​
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Edward \"Ted\" Moore Kennedy: Senator from Massachusetts (1962-present), Senate Minority Whip (1969-1971). Morris King Udall: Representative for AZ-02 (1961-present).
Edward Kennedy: "Kennedy Moore, America's Future!"
The young Democrat has run a fierce campaign against the popular vice president, campaigning on the progressive themes that both his brothers have campaigned on for their respective campaigns. Kennedy has made numerous calls for the immediate removal of all troops from Vietnam, arguing that the current process is taking too long. Kennedy has also argued for the need to begin investing in alternative forms of energy, expand on women's' rights, and lower the voting age to eighteen. This campaign has helped to make the senator into a bastion of the party's liberal wing, being heavily backed by the rising feminist movement across the U.S.. This has made Kennedy into a popular choice among urban women and college students, with many considering him to be a symbol of the new progressive movement.
While a strong progressive, the young Democrat has suffered from numerous criticism of his lack of major political experience outside of the Senate, a perceived disconnect from rural voters, an inability to properly work with the moderate and conservative wings of Congress, and his infamous involvement with the Chappaquiddick incident. While Kennedy has pushed how he truly regrets his actions and has served his time, many within the party still question whether or not he is still fit to serve in office considering the severity of his actions. A major gaffe in his campaign would come during an interview on CBS, when news broadcaster John Chancellor asked him why he wanted to be president in the first place. Senator Kennedy would initially say it was out of shock over how the previous nominee, Sam Yorty, campaigned so heavily against traditional Democratic values. When pressed for a more concrete answer, Kennedy would stumble and admit to still not being sure.
Endorsements: Frmr President Hubert Humphrey (MN), Frmr First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (MA), Frmr Ambassador Channing E. Phillips (DC), Frmr House Speaker Carl Albert (OK), House Minority Leader Hale Boggs (LA), House Minority Whip Tip O'Neill (MA), Representative Shirley Chisholm (NY), Representative Patsy Mink (HI), Senate Minority Leader Mike Mansfield (MT), Senate Minority Whip Robert Byrd (WV), Senator John Glenn (OH), Senator Henry M. Jackson (WA), Senator Warren Magnuson (WA), Senator George McGovern (SD), Senator Edmund Muskie, Senator Gaylord Nelson (WI), Governor Sargent Shriver (MD), Governor Reuben Askew (FL), Governor Patrick Lucey (WI), Henry Fonda (CA), Harry Belafonte (CA), James Earl Jones (MI), Barbara Streisand (NY) Paul Stookey (NY), Mary Travers (NY), Peter Yarrow (NY).
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