Dog vaccines+thrombocytopenia

Edit: Took him to the emergency vet and his platelet count was very low and count was verified in manual count in stained slide. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia is likely according to vet. Steroids to help with red spots and follow up for Wednesday (maybe today, Tuesday if possible but it’s early in the morning we will see how I feel after no sleep all day). Requesting infectious panel and tick borne panels to try to find cause of IMTC. TY everyone.
Hello all,
Please see the images but out of no where my dog started developing these spots all over his body and they keep getting worse. The really concerning ones are the large spot on his chest and the bruise-like one on his arm. I’m exceptionally worried that he has immune thrombocytopenia but I can’t know for sure. He has a vet visit on Wednesday just for vaccines but I may escalate it to be a vet visit instead.
Signalment: Dog, 3 yo Neutered Male, likely Chihuahua-mix, 7 lbs
History: Approximately a year ago he had spots like this flair up on his legs and they went away with medication. He has a bald patch on his leg that has not grown back. Past month he has been scratching his eye excessively and licking his feet a lot.
Length of time: Eye scratching for past month and red spots on body as of 2 days ago.
Location: Southwest, USA
Please advise as best you can, I’m really worried about my little guy. I know he is struggling but he still wags his tail and kisses me so I know he is still there. I just want him to be better and I don’t know what to do. Do I need to make an appointment ASAP for Tuesday? Is he in danger?
https://imgur.com/a/ErWQU1u

NBME CBSE ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (Quiz bank with all the correct answers)
(usmle step 1) Medical examination
62 year old woman - osteoporosis - a bisphosphonate is prescribed. The expected
beneficial effect of the drug is due to which of the following? -Answer- Decreased
Osteoclast Activity
Cohot Study of elderly women - relative risk ratio for hip fractures among those who
exercise regularly is 1.2 (95% confidence interval of 1.1 to 1.8). Which of the following is
the conclusion about the effect of exercise on the risk of hip fracture? -AnswerStatistically Significant Overall Increase Risk
52 year old man goes to ER with chest pain radiating to his jaw while shoveling snow.
Pulse is 80/min and blood pressure is 130/70. The most immediate treatment
mechanism of action? -Answer- Increased nitric oxide concentration
24 year old woman - spilled hot grease on her left leg while working at a fast-food
restaurant. Exam of leg shows 7cm pink, soft, granular, edematous wound. The
formation of this tissue was most likely caused by increased activity of which? -Answera. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VEGF - stimulates angiogenesiss.
TYPE III Collagen = Blood Vessels - early wound repair
27 year old man- MVC - skull x-ray shows a linear, nondepressed basal skull fracture -
increased serum osm and decreased urin osm. Following desmopressin urine osm
increases. Desmopressin's effect is due to the activation of which of the following? -
Answer- a. Adenylyl Cyclase
Adenylate Cyclase - ATP - CAMP -- PROTEKINASE A -- Ca
v2
A 10 month old boy - 4 day history of fever and cough. He attends day care center.
Chest exam shows intercostal retractions along with bilateral, diffuse wheezes and
expiratory rhonchi. The infectious agent most likely has which of the following
properties? -Answer- Mediation of Cell Entry via a fusion protein
A 17 year old girl in ED - 15 minutes after being stung by a bee. Mild light headedness
but no difficulty swallowing- Bilateral wheezing - Which is most appropriate
pharmacotherapy for this patient? -Answer- B2- Agonist
14 year old boy - 2 day history of sore throat and fever that peaks in late afternoon. 1
week of fatigue. He recentaly had sex with one partner. Physical exam show cervical
lymphadenopathy and pharyngeal erythema with a creamy exudate. DX? -AnswerInfectious Mononucleosis
​
57 year old man - radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Despite
therapy, tumor increases in size and he dies 6 months later. The progressive tumor
growth is due to a defect in cell cycle arrest in which of the following phases of cell
cycle? -Answer- G1
28 year old - lived in sub-Saharan Africa - until he came to the US. Temp of 100.4 -
imaging shows bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Biopsy shows marked fibrosis
and scattered granulomas. DX? -Answer- Schistosomiasis
A couple with a family history of a-thalassemia. Woman has one gene deletion and man
has two gene deletion. If the two gene is trans - what percentage of offspring will have a
two gene deletion? -Answer- 50%
previously healthy 40 year brought to emergency department by her husband - 2 day
history of fever, lethargy, confusion. PE shows scattered petechiae and ecchymoses
over the lower extremities - 3+ polychromasia and 3+ schistocytes and Low platelets
Dx? -Answer- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
16 year old boy - is admitted to the ER because of a knife wound to the left side of his
chest. An X-ray of the chest shows an air-fluid level in the left side of the chest, partial
collapse of the left lung, and the elevation of the stomach bubble. The mediastinum is
midline. DX? -Answer- Hemopneumpothorax under tension
49 year old woman - coronary artery disease - BP 140/90 - High Cholesterol, High LDL
(190), High triglycerides (350) - TX with atorvastatin and losartan. What are the effects
on HDL and Triglycerides? -Answer- HDL increased
Triglycerides Decreased
73 yeare old - diffuse weakness and tingling of her arms and legs. Sensation and
vibration and position is decreased in all extremities. What vitamin deficiency? -AnswerVitamin B12 - (cyanocobalamin)
Tea and Toast - low B12 in diet
15 year old girl - 3 month history of acne - which is the underlying cause of the patients
acne? -Answer- Stimulation of Sebaceous Glands by androgens
b. ACNE = Propionibacterium ACNE
4 year old from Brazil - PE shows single 12x10cm lesion in the right side of jaw with
diffuse regular edges. Photomicrographs of an incisional biopsy (looks like Burkitts
Lymphoma/ Starry night) - which of the processes most likely to occur in the region
indicated by the arrow? -Answer- Apoptosis
b. Endemic Burkitt lymphoma can happen in Brazil as well as Africa (jaw lesion, puffy
face).
​
51 year old - lump on tongue - 1 pack smoking history for 30 years. 1.5 cm mass on
apex of tongue. It is most appropriate to evaluate which lymph nodes first for evidence
of metastasis? -Answer- Submental
15 year old boy - ER - 2 hour history of confusion and agitation - fever, headache, stiff
neck, and vomiting - since returned from summer camp - patient is hallucinating -
lumbar puncture - shows cysts and trophozoites- most likely pathogen? -Answer- a.
Olfactory Nerve
Naegleria fowleri
17 year old - ED - 30 minutes after being found with a blank stare. Physical exam shows
rigidity. During exam he becomes hostile and assaults physician - Pt ingested which
drug? -Answer- PCP
Placebo controlled clinical trial - 5000 pts with essential hypertension. 2500 patients
receive new drug and 2500 patients receive placebo. If alpha is set at 0.01 instead of
0.05, which of the following is most likely result? -Answer- Significant findings can be
reported with greater confidence
17 year old - gymnast - comes to hospital because of lack of menstrual period for 6
months. BMI 15 Which is the cause of the amenorrhea? -Answer- Hypogonadotropic
Hypogonadism
A male stillborn is delivered at 32 weeks - Oligohydramnios - absence of a urethral
opening. Which is most likely finding? -Answer- Pulmonary Hypoplasia
A 6 day old - breast fed boy in ED - poor weight gain and irritability since delivery -
Physical exam shows jaundice and hepatomegaly. The concentration of which of the
following metabolites is most likely increased? -Answer- a. Galactose - 1 - phosphate
b. Congenital intolerance to breast milk
A 25-year-old man - comes to ED - severe muscle pain, diffuse, painful swelling of his
neck, underarms, and groin after camping in New Mexico Generalized scattered black
maculae. Examination of the right upper extremity shows erythematous, solid, tender
mass. Mass is draining blood and necrotic material. The most effective antibiotic for
patient disorder will interfere with which of the following processes? -Answer- a.
Ribosomal Assembly
b. Yersenia Pestis
45 year old - progressive weakness - muscle fasciculations of the upper extremities and
weakness of the lower extremity - What additional findings? -Answer- Atrophy
b. ALS = Lou Gherig
A new severe respiratory illness - Why use a killed vaccine vs a live vaccine? -AnswerAvoids Concerns of reversion to virulence
b. Killed vaccines - avoids reversion to virulence
​
c. live vaccines - can (but rarely do) cause the disease they're designed to prevent
A 33 year old - keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. Which of the following
describes pathogenesis of this patient's disease? -Answer- Inactivation of Cellular P53
b. p53 protein = tumor suppressor (it activates apoptosis) - most human cancer
A 54 year old - 40 year history of T1DM - receiving hemodialysis for end stage renal
disease while awaiting a kidney transplant. Receives a drug that induces reticulocyte
release from bone marrow and stimulates a cytokine receptor that signals Jak/Stat
pathway? -Answer- Erythropoietin
Jak Stat - erythropoietin
During a clinical study examining the effects of exercise. The average pulse is 175/min.
Compared with measurement before the session, which is most likely decreased? -
Answer- Total Peripheral Resistance
An 8-year-old boy - 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and itchy eyes. Returned from
week long summer camp that includes hiking trips and swimming - PE shows
conjunctival injection and oropharyngeal edema - Outbreak among other campers.
Which is most likely cause of this patient's symptoms? -Answer- Adenovirus
Fever+ Sore Throat + Itchy Eyes
transmitted via swimming pools
Conjunctivitis Viral = adenovirus
44-year-old woman - 10 month history of wide red streaks over her lower trunk (striae)
and weight gain in face (moonface). Which additional findings? -Answer- Hypertension
and muscle weakness
b. Cushing - hypertension and muscle weakness
12 year old boy - pain below left knee -unable to play soccer - An x-ray shown - Which
structures attached to the abnormal anterior tibial area? -Answer- patellar ligament
b. Osgood-Schlatter
A 65-year-old health maintenance exams - He lives is a single-family home with his cat
and dog. He spend much of his time in his basement woodworking shop. This patient is
increased risk for lung cancer due to which of the following environmental exposures? -
Answer- Radon
54-year-old man - intense overwhelming fear. Which portion of brain stimulated? -
Answer- Amygdala
b. Fear = amygdala
30 year old woman - recurrent URI - Sweat is Salty- Genetic testing for 36 most
common mutations shows detectable G551D in one allele of CFTR - What is patients
clinical phenotype? -Answer- The Second CFTR Gene was not detected by the testing
obtained
​

NBME CBSE ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
62 year old woman - osteoporosis - a bisphosphonate is prescribed. The expected
beneficial effect of the drug is due to which of the following? Correct answer- Decreased
Osteoclast Activity
Cohot Study of elderly women - relative risk ratio for hip fractures among those who
exercise regularly is 1.2 (95% confidence interval of 1.1 to 1.8). Which of the following is
the conclusion about the effect of exercise on the risk of hip fracture? Correct answerStatistically Significant Overall Increase Risk
52 year old man goes to ER with chest pain radiating to his jaw while shoveling snow.
Pulse is 80/min and blood pressure is 130/70. The most immediate treatment
mechanism of action? Correct answer- Increased nitric oxide concentration
24 year old woman - spilled hot grease on her left leg while working at a fast-food
restaurant. Exam of leg shows 7cm pink, soft, granular, edematous wound. The
formation of this tissue was most likely caused by increased activity of which? Correct
answer- a. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VEGF - stimulates angiogenesiss.
TYPE III Collagen = Blood Vessels - early wound repair
27 year old man- MVC - skull x-ray shows a linear, nondepressed basal skull fracture -
increased serum osm and decreased urin osm. Following desmopressin urine osm
increases. Desmopressin's effect is due to the activation of which of the following?
Correct answer- a. Adenylyl Cyclase
Adenylate Cyclase - ATP - CAMP -- PROTEKINASE A -- Ca
v2
A 10 month old boy - 4 day history of fever and cough. He attends day care center.
Chest exam shows intercostal retractions along with bilateral, diffuse wheezes and
expiratory rhonchi. The infectious agent most likely has which of the following
properties? Correct answer- Mediation of Cell Entry via a fusion protein
A 17 year old girl in ED - 15 minutes after being stung by a bee. Mild light headedness
but no difficulty swallowing- Bilateral wheezing - Which is most appropriate
pharmacotherapy for this patient? Correct answer- B2- Agonist
14 year old boy - 2 day history of sore throat and fever that peaks in late afternoon. 1
week of fatigue. He recentaly had sex with one partner. Physical exam show cervical
lymphadenopathy and pharyngeal erythema with a creamy exudate. DX? Correct
answer- Infectious Mononucleosis
​
57 year old man - radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Despite
therapy, tumor increases in size and he dies 6 months later. The progressive tumor
growth is due to a defect in cell cycle arrest in which of the following phases of cell
cycle? Correct answer- G1
28 year old - lived in sub-Saharan Africa - until he came to the US. Temp of 100.4 -
imaging shows bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Biopsy shows marked fibrosis
and scattered granulomas. DX? Correct answer- Schistosomiasis
A couple with a family history of a-thalassemia. Woman has one gene deletion and man
has two gene deletion. If the two gene is trans - what percentage of offspring will have a
two gene deletion? Correct answer- 50%
previously healthy 40 year brought to emergency department by her husband - 2 day
history of fever, lethargy, confusion. PE shows scattered petechiae and ecchymoses
over the lower extremities - 3+ polychromasia and 3+ schistocytes and Low platelets
Dx? Correct answer- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
16 year old boy - is admitted to the ER because of a knife wound to the left side of his
chest. An X-ray of the chest shows an air-fluid level in the left side of the chest, partial
collapse of the left lung, and the elevation of the stomach bubble. The mediastinum is
midline. DX? Correct answer- Hemopneumpothorax under tension
49 year old woman - coronary artery disease - BP 140/90 - High Cholesterol, High LDL
(190), High triglycerides (350) - TX with atorvastatin and losartan. What are the effects
on HDL and Triglycerides? Correct answer- HDL increased
Triglycerides Decreased
73 yeare old - diffuse weakness and tingling of her arms and legs. Sensation and
vibration and position is decreased in all extremities. What vitamin deficiency? Correct
answer- Vitamin B12 - (cyanocobalamin)
Tea and Toast - low B12 in diet
15 year old girl - 3 month history of acne - which is the underlying cause of the patients
acne? Correct answer- Stimulation of Sebaceous Glands by androgens
b. ACNE = Propionibacterium ACNE
4 year old from Brazil - PE shows single 12x10cm lesion in the right side of jaw with
diffuse regular edges. Photomicrographs of an incisional biopsy (looks like Burkitts
Lymphoma/ Starry night) - which of the processes most likely to occur in the region
indicated by the arrow? Correct answer- Apoptosis
b. Endemic Burkitt lymphoma can happen in Brazil as well as Africa (jaw lesion, puffy
face).
​
51 year old - lump on tongue - 1 pack smoking history for 30 years. 1.5 cm mass on
apex of tongue. It is most appropriate to evaluate which lymph nodes first for evidence
of metastasis? Correct answer- Submental
15 year old boy - ER - 2 hour history of confusion and agitation - fever, headache, stiff
neck, and vomiting - since returned from summer camp - patient is hallucinating -
lumbar puncture - shows cysts and trophozoites- most likely pathogen? Correct answera. Olfactory Nerve
Naegleria fowleri
17 year old - ED - 30 minutes after being found with a blank stare. Physical exam shows
rigidity. During exam he becomes hostile and assaults physician - Pt ingested which
drug? Correct answer- PCP
Placebo controlled clinical trial - 5000 pts with essential hypertension. 2500 patients
receive new drug and 2500 patients receive placebo. If alpha is set at 0.01 instead of
0.05, which of the following is most likely result? Correct answer- Significant findings
can be reported with greater confidence
17 year old - gymnast - comes to hospital because of lack of menstrual period for 6
months. BMI 15 Which is the cause of the amenorrhea? Correct answerHypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
A male stillborn is delivered at 32 weeks - Oligohydramnios - absence of a urethral
opening. Which is most likely finding? Correct answer- Pulmonary Hypoplasia
A 6 day old - breast fed boy in ED - poor weight gain and irritability since delivery -
Physical exam shows jaundice and hepatomegaly. The concentration of which of the
following metabolites is most likely increased? Correct answer- a. Galactose - 1 -
phosphate
b. Congenital intolerance to breast milk
A 25-year-old man - comes to ED - severe muscle pain, diffuse, painful swelling of his
neck, underarms, and groin after camping in New Mexico Generalized scattered black
maculae. Examination of the right upper extremity shows erythematous, solid, tender
mass. Mass is draining blood and necrotic material. The most effective antibiotic for
patient disorder will interfere with which of the following processes? Correct answer- a.
Ribosomal Assembly
b. Yersenia Pestis
45 year old - progressive weakness - muscle fasciculations of the upper extremities and
weakness of the lower extremity - What additional findings? Correct answer- Atrophy
b. ALS = Lou Gherig
A new severe respiratory illness - Why use a killed vaccine vs a live vaccine? Correct
answer- Avoids Concerns of reversion to virulence
​
b. Killed vaccines - avoids reversion to virulence
c. live vaccines - can (but rarely do) cause the disease they're designed to prevent
A 33 year old - keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. Which of the following
describes pathogenesis of this patient's disease? Correct answer- Inactivation of
Cellular P53
b. p53 protein = tumor suppressor (it activates apoptosis) - most human cancer
A 54 year old - 40 year history of T1DM - receiving hemodialysis for end stage renal
disease while awaiting a kidney transplant. Receives a drug that induces reticulocyte
release from bone marrow and stimulates a cytokine receptor that signals Jak/Stat
pathway? Correct answer- Erythropoietin
Jak Stat - erythropoietin
During a clinical study examining the effects of exercise. The average pulse is 175/min.
Compared with measurement before the session, which is most likely decreased?
Correct answer- Total Peripheral Resistance
An 8-year-old boy - 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and itchy eyes. Returned from
week long summer camp that includes hiking trips and swimming - PE shows
conjunctival injection and oropharyngeal edema - Outbreak among other campers.
Which is most likely cause of this patient's symptoms? Correct answer- Adenovirus
Fever+ Sore Throat + Itchy Eyes
transmitted via swimming pools
Conjunctivitis Viral = adenovirus
44-year-old woman - 10 month history of wide red streaks over her lower trunk (striae)
and weight gain in face (moonface). Which additional findings? Correct answerHypertension and muscle weakness
b. Cushing - hypertension and muscle weakness
12 year old boy - pain below left knee -unable to play soccer - An x-ray shown - Which
structures attached to the abnormal anterior tibial area? Correct answer- patellar
ligament
b. Osgood-Schlatter
A 65-year-old health maintenance exams - He lives is a single-family home with his cat
and dog. He spend much of his time in his basement woodworking shop. This patient is
increased risk for lung cancer due to which of the following environmental exposures?
Correct answer- Radon
54-year-old man - intense overwhelming fear. Which portion of brain stimulated?
Correct answer- Amygdala
b. Fear = amygdala

Hi there,
I’m writing this in hope to hear others opinions on wether or not I should vaccinate my dog for rabies and basically all other recommended maintainable vaccines.
My doodle baby just turned 2 years old. One year ago he was diagnosed with Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP). An autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys its platelets. Leading to sudden hemorrhaging and death if not caught in time. And I thank God that I was able to take him in early enough to begin intense treatment. He was in the puppy ICU overnight for 5 days and after many of rounds of frequent vet visits, medication, and side effects, he is now only on low dose cyclosporine which he will soon discontinue taking as recommended by my vet.
However, my vet is also strongly recommending another round of Rabies and other vaccines because he has not had any since his initial puppy vaccines. My worry is that vaccines may have been the culprit of what triggered the ITP to begin with, since it’s one of the only linked causes to this disease. Beyond that, there is not much research or information behind what may have caused this to happen.
What would you do if you were in my shoes? If I decline to have him vaccinated, could my vet or other animal hospitals decline future care? (I believe Rabies is the only vaccine that is legally required in my state).
Thank you so much in advance for your time and feedback.

Hi! My dog was diagnosed with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in November of 2022.
He had his annual check-up today and I was told he can no longer receive vaccines. I forgot to ask the following question...
Is there anything I need to be extra cautious of now that he won't be vaccinated against certain things? He does not go to dog parks and is never boarded anywhere.
Also, being diagnosed with this, is it something I should let his breeder be aware of? Or is there no issue when it comes to genetics/ being hereditary?
Adding incase it matters...

• Species: Dog
• Age: 7
• Sex/Neuter status: MN
• Body weight: 60lbs
• Your general location: Ontario, Canada

Thanks ❤️

Hello new neighbors - looking for dog boarding at a facility that offers isolation care. Have a great 3 yo pup who had an acute bout of thrombocytopenia and has a Dr's waiver on vaccines until the rabies tither fails (probably 2 more years). Had a facility where we lived previously; no meds required. Not ready to do in-home yet. Thanks!!!

hi! today I took both of my dogs for their annual and my older dog max (4 years old) got a blood panel done. the vet basically checked him out and vaccinated him first and then I waited for the blood results to be done and handed to me as I was on the way out. I guess they don’t discuss results, or maybe they didn’t find them to be significant.
I got home and looked through the results and noticed max was high in some areas and low in others, especially low on his platelet count. (See photo) I got extremely nervous and called the vet to ask isn’t this unusual? And they basically said “hmm that is weird. It’s probably fine though cause if something was really wrong the value for (insert name of other blood marker) would be crazy high or crazy low and it’s in the normal range” I’m not sure if I was speaking to someone who has the qualifications to be diagnosing or if they were just citing offhand knowledge. But they sounded like they were confident in their answer.
so I trusted them. I just can’t shake the worry though. Has anyone else had odd results that turned out to be fine?
I paid $135 for this blood test and $900 for everything in total today so I really don’t wanna drop another $135 on another blood test tomorrow but I obviously will if it’s a cause for concern. I just don’t know if I should get a second opinion.
I also wanna emphasize that Max is very healthy — he gets fed premium dog food with premium toppers and has high levels of energy. He eats well. Sleeps well. Goes to the bathroom regularly and his stool are normal as well as his urine. He loves to play with the ball and going for walks. He has no symptoms of thrombocytopenia other than the platelet count. He has no bruises, his gums are pink. Idk if I’m being overly cautious or if I should trust the vet.
Thanks in advance for bearing with this long post.

I will try to keep a complicated story as brief as possible.
I've been with my vet's office for almost 5 years, since we adopted our first 2 dogs. Then 2 years ago we adopted a senior dog who came to us with a history of hypothyroidism but was still relatively low need. We were extremely low maintenance veterinary clients for nearly 4 years- my first 2 went in for annual exams and vaccines and my senior boy routine stuff and labs twice/year. I never so much as called with a question before and then 2021 happened.
My senior boy this year alone was diagnosed with Cushing's Disease, glaucoma, immune mediated thrombocytopenia (found during routine labs that were done prior to enucleation because they thought his eye had ruptured), pancreatitis and finally acute kidney failure. We quickly went from being low maintenance vet clients to being our primary vet office's most frequent flyers. We were there essentially at least once/week from the end of January until the end of April when our boy crossed the rainbow bridge. The grocery store is probably the only place I've been more often than my vet's office this year and for those 3 months, I definitely talked to my vet more often than I talked to anyone else in my life, other than my husband and that's only because he lives with me.
My vet was amazing during all of this. I am no stranger to the medical field- I have been a nurse for 14 years and a patient for nearly 20- and I have never had a human doctor who actually listened to me and respected what I had to say as much as my vet did... and I know a lot more about humans than I do about dogs. I've thought often about the day that I brought my boy in to be tested for pancreatitis and if I brought myself in with the same symptoms he had (he had no obvious pain but severe diarrhea, loss of appetite and vomiting), the vast majority of human doctors would have told me "you don't have pancreatitis, you don't have pain" and completely dismissed all other symptoms. After our boy died, there was no question that we were going to adopt another dog. I don't think my husband necessarily wanted another senior with health issues but when a senior dog with a heart murmur kept coming across my newsfeed, I knew we had to get him and it is because of my relationship with my vet that I was so willing to adopt another senior with medical problems.
So basically, I would like to nominate my vet for an award and I'm wondering if there are awards that owners can nominate vets for that may not necessarily be widely known. I've done a fair amount of Googling and the AVMA requires all kinds of information to nominate someone for an award that I wouldn't have (like a CV) and then most of the other awards I've found seem to recognize people who do things like run free spay and neuter clinics in the developing world (which is of course amazing and should be honored) but I'm looking for something that acknowledges what vets do every day. In nursing we have the DAISY award, for example.
If you made it this far, thank you, and I appreciate any advice anyone has to offer.

Species: Dog Breed: Golden Retriever Age:13+ weeks Clinical Info: Vaccinated 3 times (last done previous monday) Health Info: Recovering from high fever (no fever at the moment, for past 2 days), platelet count 20k from blood test taken on Friday, his activity levels, eating, drinking are normal for past 2 days.
Our puppy is recovering from a fever (no vomiting, diarrhoea) suspected from ticks by our vet. He had a constant 40 C fever for a few days last week (from Wednesday) but his eating, drinking was still sufficient and his activity levels were say 0 at the beginning, but they improved slowly over the next couple of days even though he still had a fever throughout. Bloodtest was taken Friday and his platelet count was 20k, diagnosed with severe thrombocytopenia. He was set to get IVs over the weekend since his condition didn't seem to improve but he managed to pull through with doxycycline overnight and papaya based thrombo syrup and his activity levels became almost normal the next day. He is still normal today but one thing has changed suddenly today - he usually squats when he pees. Today he has not done so 3 times. He has just stood there and peed without any effort to squat. I'm worried if this is a sign of an underlying health issue. Can anyone help? (He's been vaccinated 3 times, last was on previous monday).

Golden Retriever, Age: 13 weeks. Vaccinated 3 times, last vaccination 4 days ago
Symptoms: High Fever 40 degree Celsius constant for past 3 days. Very Lethargic. No vomiting, no diarrhoea.
He is usually a very active dog. He was super lethargic till yesterday when grandparents came to visit. He has been somewhat active since they came.
He is eating sufficiently and drinking water fine, (not his usual levels but he is doing both) although his urine is quite yellow and on the darker side.
Took him to the vet three times. Once he was given a couple of injections which seemed to alleviate the fever temporarily. Second he was prescribed an antibiotic called Taxim-O. Did not work. Fever still prevailed on and off. Today he had his blood test done, which was very painful for him as he cried a lot (hurts me even now to reminisce).
The report can be found here - https://drive.google.com/file/d/15g1yikz01VwgNcyjxJaqUlg8ibx0Voeview?usp=drivesdk
After a very low Platelet count of 20k, he has been diagnosed with severe Thrombocytopenia. Underlying cause is yet to be found. Vet suspects it's tick related fever and has prescribed doxycycline along with thrombo syrup (papaya related extract I believe).
We have had quite a few ticks on him, but not sure if it was anywhere recent before the time of fever. We do remove it as we find them promptly. Could say there have been maybe 10-20 ticks so far we have removed over 6 weeks.
At home we have given wipes with wet cloth to cool him down.
He is still active and fighting the fever compared to few days ago. Vet has instructed to bring him for 3 days of IVs for 1.5 hours starting tomorrow. He is dead afraid of the place now and our last IV experience was bad, not being able to find veins and swellings happening and him shaking his legs (this was when he had severe diarrhoea and vomitting a few weeks back due to indigestion, and had zero energy in himself as he had not ate anything to be able to resist). Now he's way more active and resists a lot I'm afraid these 3 sessions will be a failure.
Any help or insight into his condition and suggestions will really help me get some assurance about his recovery.

Golden Retriever, Age: 13 weeks. Vaccinated 3 times, last vaccination 4 days ago
Symptoms: High Fever 40 degree Celsius constant for past 3 days. Very Lethargic. No vomiting, no diarrhoea.
He is usually a very active dog. He was super lethargic till yesterday when grandparents came to visit. He has been somewhat active since they came.
He is eating sufficiently and drinking water fine, (not his usual levels but he is doing both) although his urine is quite yellow and on the darker side.
Took him to the vet three times. Once he was given a couple of injections which seemed to alleviate the fever temporarily. Second he was prescribed an antibiotic called Taxim-O. Did not work. Fever still prevailed on and off. Today he had his blood test done, which was very painful for him as he cried a lot (hurts me even now to reminisce).
The report can be found here - https://drive.google.com/file/d/15g1yikz01VwgNcyjxJaqUlg8ibx0Voeview?usp=drivesdk
After a very low Platelet count of 20k, he has been diagnosed with severe Thrombocytopenia. Underlying cause is yet to be found. Vet suspects it's tick related fever and has prescribed doxycycline along with thrombo syrup (papaya related extract I believe).
We have had quite a few ticks on him, but not sure if it was anywhere recent before the time of fever. We do remove it as we find them promptly. Could say there have been maybe 10-20 ticks so far we have removed over 6 weeks.
At home we have given wipes with wet cloth to cool him down.
He is still active and fighting the fever compared to few days ago. Vet has instructed to bring him for 3 days of IVs for 1.5 hours starting tomorrow. He is dead afraid of the place now and our last IV experience was bad, not being able to find veins and swellings happening and him shaking his legs (this was when he had severe diarrhoea and vomitting a few weeks back due to indigestion, and had zero energy in himself as he had not ate anything to be able to resist). Now he's way more active and resists a lot I'm afraid these 3 sessions will be a failure.
Any help or insight into his condition or shared experience of similar nature, and suggestions will really help me get some assurance about his recovery.

Golden Retriever, Age: 13 weeks. Vaccinated 3 times, last vaccination 4 days ago
Symptoms: High Fever 40 degree Celsius constant for past 3 days. Very Lethargic. No vomiting, no diarrhoea.
He is usually a very active dog. He was super lethargic till yesterday when grandparents came to visit. He has been somewhat active since they came.
He is eating sufficiently and drinking water fine, (not his usual levels but he is doing both) although his urine is quite yellow and on the darker side.
Took him to the vet three times. Once he was given a couple of injections which seemed to alleviate the fever temporarily. Second he was prescribed an antibiotic called Taxim-O. Did not work. Fever still prevailed on and off. Today he had his blood test done, which was very painful for him as he cried a lot (hurts me even now to reminisce).
The report can be found here - https://drive.google.com/file/d/15g1yikz01VwgNcyjxJaqUlg8ibx0Voeview?usp=drivesdk
After a very low Platelet count of 20k, he has been diagnosed with severe Thrombocytopenia. Underlying cause is yet to be found. Vet suspects it's tick related fever and has prescribed doxycycline along with thrombo syrup (papaya related extract I believe).
We have had quite a few ticks on him, but not sure if it was anywhere recent before the time of fever. We do remove it as we find them promptly. Could say there have been maybe 10-20 ticks so far we have removed over 6 weeks.
At home we have given wipes with wet cloth to cool him down.
He is still active and fighting the fever compared to few days ago. Vet has instructed to bring him for 3 days of IVs for 1.5 hours starting tomorrow. He is dead afraid of the place now and our last IV experience was bad, not being able to find veins and swellings happening and him shaking his legs (this was when he had severe diarrhoea and vomitting a few weeks back due to indigestion, and had zero energy in himself as he had not ate anything to be able to resist). Now he's way more active and resists a lot I'm afraid these 3 sessions will be a failure.
Any help or insight into his condition and suggestions will really help me get some assurance about his recovery.

Species: Dog Breed: Golden Retriever Age: 13 weeks Clinical Info: Vaccinated 3 times, last vaccination 4 days ago Symptoms: High Fever 40 degree Celsius constant for past 3 days. Very Lethargic. No vomiting, no diarrhoea.
He is usually a very active dog. He was super lethargic till yesterday when grandparents came to visit. He has been somewhat active since they came.
He is eating sufficiently and drinking water fine, (not his usual levels but he is doing both) although his urine is quite yellow and on the darker side.
Took him to the vet three times. Once he was given a couple of injections which seemed to alleviate the fever temporarily. Second he was prescribed an antibiotic called Taxim-O. Did not work. Fever still prevailed on and off. Today he had his blood test done, which was very painful for him as he cried a lot (hurts me even now to reminisce).
The report can be found here - https://drive.google.com/file/d/15g1yikz01VwgNcyjxJaqUlg8ibx0Voeview?usp=drivesdk
After a very low Platelet count of 20k, he has been diagnosed with severe Thrombocytopenia. Underlying cause is yet to be found. Vet suspects it's tick related fever and has prescribed doxycycline along with thrombo syrup (papaya related extract I believe).
We have had quite a few ticks on him, but not sure if it was anywhere recent before the time of fever. We do remove it as we find them promptly. Could say there have been maybe 10-20 ticks so far we have removed over 6 weeks.
At home we have given wipes with wet cloth to cool him down.
He is still active and fighting the fever compared to few days ago. Vet has instructed to bring him for 3 days of IVs for 1.5 hours starting tomorrow. He is dead afraid of the place now and our last IV experience was bad, not being able to find veins and swellings happening and him shaking his legs (this was when he had severe diarrhoea and vomitting a few weeks back due to indigestion, and had zero energy in himself as he had not ate anything to be able to resist). Now he's way more active and resists a lot I'm afraid these 3 sessions will be a failure.
Any help or insight into his condition and suggestions will really help me get some assurance about his recovery.

Hi there!
My friend and her husband have currently hit a dead end with the health of their pup, a 7 year old (male, neutered) Boston Terrier Mix. I'm assisting them in extending their search/research for answers and leads.
I am looking for anyone who (unfortunately) may have experience with Anemia (non-regenerative); more specifically I would appreciate insight on next steps and/or referrals to a local expert/specialist. We are located in Mississauga, Ontario.
-------------------------------
---CLINICAL SIGNS---
Their pup was admitted to Emerg on May 27 for stumbling, pale gums, diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy. Tests indicated Anemia (non-regenerative, hematocrit 13% and high platelets—thrombocytosis).
Received a blood transfusion overnight which improved red blood cell count to 21%. Bone marrow cytology indicated potential immune-mediated cell destruction (erythroid hypoplasia with maturation arrest).
---CURRENT STATE---
Their dog is currently Anemic (non-regenerative) and taking Prednisone 5 mg and Metronidazole 250 mg. Red blood cell count is continuing to decrease after transfusion, amid medications.
---BRIEF MEDICAL HISTORY---
Medical history includes food and seasonal allergies (itching and skin irritation), ear infections; had dental extractions done in 2020 as well as correction for an aural hematoma.
---RECENT CHANGES TO HEALTH---
The only potential significant change in the past month would have been a round of vaccines, rabies and CytoPoint for allergies. No toxicity, animal/insect bites, or infection to note so far. Diet has been raw (rotational proteins from Big Country Raw) mixed with allergy kibble from the vet.
---------------------------------
Is there a specific line of tests or investigation that has been helpful to your and your pup in a similar scenario?
I've included the Case Summary from the Emerg Vet visit on May 27th for more in-depth reference below.
Any meaningful help or guidance is greatly appreciated!
Thanks,
G
---------------------------------
Diagnosis/Problem List:
● Marked anemia that is non-regenerative - cytology revealed marked erythroid hypoplasia with maturation arrest - histology marked erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia with maturation arrest
● Grade III/VI heart murmur
● Diarrhea
● History of allergies
● History of ear infections
● History of aural hematoma, corrected in 2020
● History of dental extractions, corrected in 2020
​
History:
● Bean presented to the Veterinary Emergency Clinic Internal Medicine Service on May 27, 2021 as a transfer from the Emergency Service for the assessment of a marked anemia that was non-regenerative. In the past month, Bean vomited his breakfast a few times but was initially otherwise well. In the past two weeks however, Bean had been progressively more lethargic, inappetent, wobbly when walking, and would ingest dirt, which was abnormal for him. On the day before presentation, he had become anorexic, was severely lethargic, and was very wobbly when walking. His owner also noticed that he had pale mucous membranes.
He also vomited once. On May 26, 2021, he presented to his family veterinarian, where blood lab work revealed a marked anemia that was non-regenerative with a hematocrit of 11.5% and mild thrombocytopenia with platelet aggregates detected. Thoracic and abdominal radiographs obtained were relatively unremarkable. A slide agglutination test was performed and was negative. He was then transferred to the Emergency Service overnight.
On presentation, he was tachycardic, had pale mucous membranes, and was appreciated to have a grade III/VI heart murmur on auscultation. Point of care blood lab work revealed a packed cell volume of 12% and a repeated slide agglutination was negative. He was then transferred to the Internal Medicine Service for further evaluation.
● Bean has a history of an aural hematoma that was corrected in 2020, dental extractions in 2020, ear infections, and allergies.
​
Physical Examination:
● T = 38.2 C, P = 124, and R = 20
● Weight = 13.4 kg
● Body condition score 5/9
● Bright, alert, and responsive
● Mucous membranes pale pink and moist with CRT < 2 seconds
● Cardiac auscultation revealed a grade III/VI murmur and no arrhythmia
● Thoracic auscultation unremarkable with no crackles or wheezes
● Femoral pulses strong and synchronous
● No peripheral lymphadenopathy
● Abdominal palpation revealed no organomegaly, masses, or pain
● The remainder of the general physical exam was within normal limits
​
Procedures:
● Consultation
● Accuplex (May 27, 2021) – Negative for all tests
● Blood typing (May 27, 2021) – DEA 1.1 negative.
● Complete blood count (May 27, 2021) – Marked anemia that was non-regenerative with a hematocrit of 13% and marked thrombocytosis.
● Pathologist review of the complete blood count (May 27, 2021) – There is a normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia with rouleaux and no obvious etiologic agent appreciated. The neutrophils are mature and non-toxic. The lymphocytes are monotypic and consist mostly of a population of intermediate-sized lymphoid cells. There is a marked thrombocytosis.
● Blood transfusion (May 27, 2021) – DEA 1.1 negative blood
o Pre-transfusion packed cell volume: 13%
o Post-transfusion packed cell volume: 21%
● Complete blood count (May 28, 2021) – Moderate anemia that was non-regenerative with a hematocrit of 24%, moderate thrombocytosis, mild leukocytosis, and neutrophilia.
● Cytology of the bone marrow (May 28, 2021) – Marked erythroid hypoplasia with maturation arrest, suspected to be due to immune-mediated destruction.
● Histology of the bone marrow (May 28, 2021) – Marked erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia with maturation arrest.
● Serial packed cell volumes
o May 27, 2021 (pre-transfusion): 13%
o May 27, 2021 (post-transfusion): 21%
o May 28, 2021: 21%
o May 29, 2021: 20%
​
Case Summary:
Bean presented to the Veterinary Emergency Clinic Internal Medicine Service on May 27, 2021 as a transfer from the Emergency Service for the assessment of a marked anemia that was non-regenerative. On physical examination, he was appreciated to have pale mucous membranes and a grade III/VI heart murmur. Bean’s lab work on presentation to the Emergency Service revealed a marked anemia that was non-regenerative with a hematocrit of 13% and marked thrombocytosis. He was negative for infectious diseases. A pathologist review revealed a normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia with rouleaux and no obvious etiologic agent appreciated, mature and non-toxic neutrophils, monotypic lymphocytes that were mostly a population of intermediate-sized lymphoid cells, and marked thrombocytosis. An in house packed cell volume was repeated and was 13%, he was blood typed DEA negative before he was given a packed red blood cell transfusion overnight in the Intensive Care Unit.
After the transfusion, his packed cell volume was 21%.
​
On May 28, 2021, a repeat complete blood count revealed moderate anemia that was non-regenerative with a hematocrit of 24%, moderate thrombocytosis, mild leukocytosis, and neutrophilia. The packed cell volume was also rechecked and was 21%. He was anesthetized for a bone marrow biopsy and samples were collected for cytology and histology. Cytology revealed marked erythroid hypoplasia with maturation arrest, suspected to be due to immune-mediated destruction. He was treated in hospital with intravenous fluids, trazodone as needed, and dexamethasone. During his hospitalization, he also developed diarrhea so he was started on metronidazole.
On May 29, 2021, his packed cell volume remained stable at 20%. His diarrhea also improved and was soft and mildly formed. Throughout Bean’s hospitalization, he remained bright and had a good appetite with no other significant concerns. Due to his stable packed cell volume and otherwise good clinical status, he was discharged into his owner’s care with prednisone and metronidazole. Recheck complete blood count in 1 week.
The histology of the bone marrow confirmed marked erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia with a maturation arrest. This is similar to the cytology and rules out any neoplasia or myelofibrosis. At this time we are waiting to see if the bone marrow will respond to immunosuppressive dosages of prednisone.
Treatment/Recommendations:

1. Prednisone 5 mg tablets - Give 6 tablets orally every 24 hours for 2 weeks, then give 3 tablets orally every 24 hours for 2 weeks, then give 1 1/2 tablets orally every 24 hours for 2 weeks, and then give 1 1/2 tablets orally every 48 hours until otherwise directed. Do not give with non-steroidal antiinflammatories. Do not stop abruptly.
   
2. Metronidazole 250 mg tablets - Give 1/2 tablet orally every 12 hours for 2 weeks.
   
3. Recheck complete blood count in 1 week.
   
4. Monitor for changes in mentation or behaviour, signs of lethargy, inappetance, vomiting or diarrhea. If any of these are noted, please have him seen by a veterinarian.
   

Species: dog Age: 8 Sex: spayed female Breed: Doberman Body weight: 60.5lbs History: Sookie has had mild incontinence issues since she was 2-3. Leaking while sleeping. In the beginning we would give her proin for a couple weeks and then she wouldn’t leak for about 6 months and then start again and we would treat again. As she’s aged we have kept her on a low dose of 50mg/daily which has kept it under control. She has a couple fatty tumors that have caused no issues. All tests for Cushing’s were negative. In November her ALP was slightly elevated and still was when they retested last Monday (8/5) and it was still a little elevated but the vet was not worried. (Not sure if any of this is relevant to what’s going on now). She had diarrhea in mid July so we took her to the vet and she was given probiotics, metronidazole, and put on a bland diet. She recovered just fine and has been having normal solid stool since. She is a typical neurotic high energy Doberman. Even when sick she acts the same.
Clinical signs: Wednesday she was whining at 3am and I finally took her out at 5am. She squatted like she was going to poop but a large amount of dark liquid blood came out. No feces or anything. Just straight blood. She was acting 100% fine and normal. Her gums were pink and circulation looked good. I called the local emergency vet and they said as long as her gums stay pink we can wait until our vet opens to get her in there. We went to our vet who was concerned but also confused because she was acting so fine. They took blood for CBC and coagulation testing, gave us more probiotic and metronidazole and direct us to start the bland diet again. Sookie ate the bland food and was very eager to do so. The next morning she had diarrhea that was dark brown but did not appear to have blood in it until the very end when she squeezed out a few red drops. She also has had a very small amount of bleeding of the gums but she chews on Nyla bones so we assumed it was that.
The vet called yesterday morning and said that her platelets are very low. When they took blood at her vaccine appt on the 5th her platelets were 120k which is below normal (he said normal is between 150k-700k). He said the labs from yesterday showed her platelet count at less than 10k. Her RBC, WBC, and everything else were normal. He told us based on that we should get her to the emergency/specialists vet ASAP.
Our vet said there were a few possibilities. He said it could be an immune system issue causing her system to attack the platelets but he said if it was that, her WBC count would be elevated and it’s not. He said the other possibility is cancer, possibly a tumor causing bleeding. It sounded like he was leaning towards that.
They admitted her to the emergency vet for more testing and treatment. That vet explained the diff between primary and secondary Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and said sometimes vaccines can trigger this response but didn’t really discuss cancer. They ran labs again last night and she said Sookie’s RBC is down a little bit no where near needing a transfusion. They ruled out toxins and tick borne illnesses. Chest X-rays were clear and she will be getting an abdominal ultrasound today.
I did some slight googling (I know I know) and I also used to work at a vet so I have a little more knowledge than average but have never seen this. Based on what I read, if it was due to vaccines, platelets don’t drop below 100,000.
I know she is where she needs to be and they are working to get answers but I’m going crazy waiting and worry about my girl. Any thoughts of what is likely causing this, what we can expect, prognosis, etc?
We are located in upstate ny.

Reading the recent post about someone’s poor doggo who had burns from heating pads used during dental work, I now am wondering what questions to ask my vet, and what other cautions/preparations/red flags I should be aware of before my dog goes in for her first dental cleaning next month.
Background: Shiva is a 10(ish) year old dog, female spayed, 50 lbs pit bull/terrielab/?? Mix. She’s a street dog I rescued in July 2011, she was about 1.5-2 years old when I found her (or really, she found me)
She was super healthy until April 2017, when (long story short) she was diagnosed with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Lots of complications with that, I can go into details if you want, but she’s been on prednisone, azathioprene (sp?) and now is on cyclosporine, for over a year, which the vet was using to wean her off prednisone, which as you know has nasty long term side effects. Her platelet counts have been great on the cyclosporine, her liver values are better, and she finally weaned fully off prednisone a couple months ago. Yay! She’s doing much better physically, but recently developed nasty breath, more plaque buildup on her teeth, and at the recent vet visit (we get a platelet count every 6-8 weeks) the vet recommended a teeth cleaning, and said that she probably has gingivitis as a side effect of the cyclosporine.
The thought of her having General anesthesia for the dental work absolutely terrifies me, as she is FINALLY getting healthy after over a year of midnight emergency vet visits (closest ER is 90 mins drive), weekly blood draws, constantly monitoring her for bruising, carrying her outside to pee because she was too weak to walk, and so on. She can’t have vaccines, so they have not vaccinated/boosted her against anything since 2017, but luckily she’s not due for rabies until 2020.
So, thanks for sticking through the backstory to get to my questions!
What should I ask my vet before I take her in for the dental work? Are there any precautions I should take, given her complicated medical history?
The vet we see is incredible, they have been super helpful and supportive since her diagnosis, but they are a small town vet who has never had a case of thrombocytopenia this complicated (they told me she was the most unusual case they’ve seen, since she responded so badly to the most common meds). And I just want to make sure I’m as prepared as possible before and after her routine dental cleaning.
Thank you in advance for your help, and please do let me know if I’ve left anything out!!

Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance indicators in the Democratic Republic of Congo during 2008-2014
“Of the 13,749 AFP cases investigated, 58.9% received at least three doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV), 7.3% never received OPV, while the status of 18.3% was unknown.” Pan African Medical Journal 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27642491
Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines other than pertussis and rubella. Summary of a report from the Institute of Medicine.
The committee found that the evidence favored acceptance of a causal relation between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and Guillain-Barré syndrome and brachial neuritis, between measles vaccine and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome, and between unconjugated Hib vaccine and susceptibility to Hib disease. The committee found that the evidence established causality between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and anaphylaxis, between measles vaccine and death from measles vaccine-strain viral infection, between measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and poliomyelitis and death from polio vaccine-strain viral infection, and between hepatitis B vaccine and anaphylaxis. JAMA 1994 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8182813/
‘An American tragedy’. the Cutter incident and its implications for the Salk polio vaccine in New Zealand 1955-1960.
“During the United States polio immunisation campaign in 1955 a number of children immunised with Cutter Laboratories vaccine were stricken with the disease, halting the programme.” Health History 1990 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20481116/
Aseptic meningitis after vaccination against measles and mumps
“This retrospective study (1979 to 1986) investigated the possible etiologic relationship between vaccination and aseptic meningitis in 115 hospitalized children who became ill within 30 days of vaccination with the Leningrad 3 strain of mumps virus and the Edmonston-Zagreb strain of measles virus.” The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1989 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2726323/
Bordetella parapertussis outbreak in Southeastern Minnesota and the United States, 2014. (2017)
“All patients were vaccinated against pertussis, suggesting that pertussis vaccination is ineffective against B. parapertussis.” Medicine 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28514288/
Canine rabies in Nigeria, 1970 – 1980 reported cases in vaccinated dogs.
“Of the 14 cases there were 10 cases of apparent vaccine failure involving modified live (low egg passage chick embryo) vaccine in use during the study period. In 4 of these cases, infection may actually have been induced by the vaccine.” International Journal of Zoonoses 1982 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7169305
CASE OF VACCINE-ASSOCIATED MEASLES FIVE WEEKS POST-IMMUNISATION
http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20649
Challenges in Interpretation of Diagnostic Test Results in a Mumps Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated Population. 2017
“This is the first published report of an outbreak of mumps in Ontario in which all confirmed cases had been vaccinated against the disease.” Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28003216/
Characteristics of poliovirus strains from long-term excretors with primary immunodeficiencies.
“ Long-term excretion of vaccine strains of poliovirus has been documented for many years and instances of paralytic poliomyelitis in hypogammaglobulinaemic patients who were subsequently found to have been excreting virus for prolonged periods have been reported in the U.S.A., Germany and Japan.” Developmental Biology 2001 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11763340
Chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child.
“We investigated an immunodeficient child in whom chronic progressive poliomyelitis developed after she had received live oral poliovirus vaccine. Poliovirus, Type II, was isolated from throat and stool during life and from several sites within the brain at autopsy.” The New England Journal of Medicine 1977 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/195206
Comparison of neutralizing antibody titers against outbreak-associated measles genotypes (D4, H1 and B3) in Iran.
“Despite the accessibility of a promising vaccine, outbreaks of the measles virus (MV) take place even in well-vaccinated populations.” Pathogens and Disease 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27777263/
Continuing measles transmission in students despite school-based outbreak control program.
“Forty-six cases occurred among students more than two weeks after control program implementation. All 46 had a school record indicating adequate measles vaccination; 13 had been vaccinated at control program clinics by one jet-injector team (Team A).” American Journal of Epidemiology 1985 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/4014205/
Deep sequencing reveals persistence of cell-associated mumps vaccine virus in chronic encephalitis.
“Notwithstanding this, we describe here devastating neurological complications associated with the detection of live-attenuated mumps virus Jeryl Lynn (MuV(JL5)) in the brain of a child who had undergone successful allogeneic transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). This is the first confirmed report of MuV(JL5) associated with chronic encephalitis and highlights the need to exclude immunodeficient individuals from immunisation with live-attenuated vaccines.” Acta Neuropathologica 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27770235/
Detection of fecal shedding of rotavirus vaccine in infants following their first dose of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine.
“Studies on rotavirus vaccine shedding and its potential transmission within households including immunocompromised individuals are needed to better define the potential risks and benefits of vaccination.” Vaccine 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21477676/
Disseminated, persistent, and fatal infection due to the vaccine strain of varicella-zoster virus in an adult following stem cell transplantation.
“Here, we describe the fatality of an immunocompromised patient who received the varicella vaccine. His medical history provides a cautionary lens through which to view the decision of when vaccination is appropriate. A middle-aged man with non-Hodgkin lymphoma received chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant. He was vaccinated 4 years post-transplantation, despite diagnosis of a new low-grade lymphoma confined to the lymph nodes.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25452596
Efficacy of a Russian-backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine among children in Senegal: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
“INTERPRETATION: Live attenuated influenza vaccine was well tolerated in young children in Senegal, but did not provide protection against influenza.” The Lancet Global Health 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27746224/
An emergent poxvirus from humans and cattle in Rio de Janeiro State: Cantagalo virus may derive from Brazilian smallpox vaccine.
“Together, the data suggested that CTGV may have derived from VV-IOC by persisting in an indigenous animal(s), accumulating polymorphisms, and now emerging in cattle and milkers as CTGV. CTGV may represent the first case of long-term persistence of vaccinia in the New World. Virology 2000 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11080491/
Evidence for immunisation failure in vaccinated adult dogs infected with canine parvovirus type 2c
“An outbreak of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) infection in vaccinated adult dogs is reported.” New Microbiologica 2008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18437851
Explosive school-based measles outbreak: intense exposure may have resulted in high risk, even among revaccinees.
“The authors studied inoculum intensities as measured by proxy variables and the contagiousness of properly vaccinated persons who contracted measles among 51 measles patients infected in one school, at home, or elsewhere, utilizing preexisting records of measles cases and 214 healthy controls from an explosive school outbreak that occurred in a rural Finnish municipality in 1989.” American Journal of Epidemiology 1998 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9850133/
Failed rubella immunization in adults: association with immunologic and virological abnormalities.
“Immunologic and virological studies were performed in 13 adults (12 women and one man) who failed to seroconvert (as shown by rubella hemagglutination-inhibition [HAI] techniques) after single or repeated courses of HPV-77 DE/5 or RA 27/3 rubella virus vaccine.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1985 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3968452/
The failure of an inactivated mink enteritis virus vaccine in four preparations to provide protection to dogs against challenge with canine parvovirus-2
“Four experimental vaccine preparations comprising a strain of mink enteritis virus inactivated by either formalin or beta-propiolactone, and either adjuvanted or nonadjuvanted, failed to stimulate a consistent serum antibody response in 20 vaccinated dogs and failed to protect all but one of these dogs against oral challenge with canine parvovirus-2.” Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 1982 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/6280820
Failure of inactivated influenza A vaccine to protect healthy children aged 6-24 months.
“Inactivated influenza vaccine did not reduce the attack rate of influenza A infection in 6-24 month old children.” Pediatrics International 2004 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15056235
Failure to reach the goal of measles elimination. Apparent paradox of measles infections in immunized persons.
“RESULTS: We found 18 reports of measles outbreaks in very highly immunized school populations where 71% to 99.8% of students were immunized against measles.” Archives of Internal Medicine 1994 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8053748/?i=6
Fever and multisystem organ failure associated with 17D-204 yellow fever vaccination: a report of four cases.
“FINDINGS: The clinical presentations were characterised by fever, myalgia, headache, and confusion, followed by severe multisystemic illnesses. Three patients died. Vaccine-related variants of yellow fever virus were found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of one vaccinee. The convalescent serum samples of two vaccinees showed antibody responses of at least 1:10240. Immunohistochemical assay of liver tissue showed yellow fever antigen in the Kuppfer cells of the liver sample.” Lancet 2001 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11463410/
Finding the ‘who’ in whooping cough: vaccinated siblings are important pertussis sources in infants 6 months of age and under.
“At its peak, siblings were the most important sources of pertussis in infants 6 months and younger, particularly fully vaccinated children aged 2 and 3 years. Waning immunity before the booster at 4 years may leave this age group susceptible to infection.” Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report 2014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25391405/
Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in a vaccinated and immunocompetent child.
“We report a case of a fifteen-months-old girl, previously healthy and vaccinated, admitted in the emergency room with fever and vomiting. She was irritable and the Brudzinski’s sign was positive.” Journal of Infection and Public Health 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27422142
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis in the Short Period after Vaccination: A Reminder of the Phenomenon of Apparent Vaccine Failure.
“We present two cases of bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) which developed a few days after conjugate Hib vaccination. This phenomenon of postimmunization provocative time period is reviewed and discussed. These cases serve as a reminder to clinicians of the risk, albeit rare, of invasive Hib disease in the short period after successful immunization.” Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22953084/
Hepatitis B Vaccines—to Switch or Not to Switch
“Shortly after the licensure of Heptavax-B in 1981 and its general availability in July 1982, the discovery of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among male homosexuals threatened the success of this product, since some of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive plasma donors were members of this high-risk group. Intensive epidemiologic, virological, and serological evaluations were launched, which eventually found no evidence for the transmission of AIDS to recipients of the plasma-derived HBsAg vaccine.” JAMA 1987 http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/366144
Herpes zoster due to Oka vaccine strain of varicella zoster virus in an immunosuppressed child post cord blood transplant.
“A 5-year-old boy was vaccinated with the Oka strain of varicella zoster virus vaccine before cord blood transplant for chronic granulomatous disease in 2005. In 2006, he developed herpes zoster on his left arm. DNA from the vesicular rash confirmed the Oka vaccine strain of varicella zoster virus caused this complication. He responded well to 10 days of aciclovir treatment.” Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2007 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/17854459
Herpes zoster in an adult recipient of live attenuated varicella vaccine.
“A healthy 30-y-old female physician who was immunized with two doses of live attenuated varicella vaccine developed a localized case of zoster involving the right T8-10 dermatomes 36 mo after vaccination. The virus isolated from her rash was an unusual wild-type of varicella-zoster virus. After immunization she developed detectable antibodies to varicella-zoster virus, but antibodies were no longer detectable after 20 mo.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1989 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2547882
High diversity of poliovirus strains isolated from the central nervous system from patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.
“To establish the etiology of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP), isolates from the central nervous system (CNS) from eight patients with VAPP were compared with stool isolates from the same patients.” Journal of Virology 1994 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7966599/
High rate of vaccine failure after administration of acellular pertussis vaccine pre- and post-liver transplantation in children at a children’s hospital in Japan.
“We assessed the serological response to pertussis vaccines administered pre- and post-liver transplantation in 58 pediatric patients at a children’s hospital in Japan.” Transplant Infectious Disease 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26565897
Horizontal transmission of a human rotavirus vaccine strain–a randomized, placebo-controlled study in twins
“Transmission of excreted vaccine-derived infectious virus from vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals is possible within close contacts.” Vaccine 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22008819/
Horizontal transmission of the Leningrad-Zagreb mumps vaccine strain: a report of six symptomatic cases of parotitis and one case of meningitis.
“Here we report horizontal symptomatic transmission of the Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Zagreb) mumps vaccine virus. Children who were the source of transmission had been vaccinated with the MMR vaccine (Serum Institute of India) contained L-Zagreb mumps virus. This is the first report of horizontal symptomatic transmission of this vaccine. The etiology of all seven contact cases was confirmed by epidemiological linking, serology and by F, SH, NP and HN mumps virus genes sequencing.” Vaccine 2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22749598/
Immune persistence after pertussis vaccination.
“An increased prevalence of pertussis in older populations has been found, mainly caused by waning immunity after vaccination.” Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28045580
Interference of Vaccine Derived Polio Viruses with Diagnosis of Enteroviral Diseases in Neonatal Period.
“OPV vaccinated neonates commonly pass the vaccine virus in their pharynx and stool which can be mistaken with NPEV.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28050469
Invasive pneumococcal disease: From a tertiary care hospital in the post-vaccine era
“A breakthrough infection occurring with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Turkey are previously described.” Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27905836/
A large vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak on Madura Island–Indonesia, 2005.
“Between June and October 2005, 45 laboratory-confirmed type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) cases were identified on Madura Island in Indonesia. Genetic sequencing data on VDPV isolates were consistent with replication and circulation for up to approximately 2 years. Concurrent circulation with type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV) enabled comparisons of VDPV and WPV cases and found that clinical and epidemiological features of both were similar. Attack rates for VDPV were as high as those for WPV. Of 41 VDPV case patients with known vaccination status, 25 (61%) had received zero oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18199031/
Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding after intramuscular prophylaxis at birth: a case report
“We report the case of a 6-week-old female who presented an intracranial hemorrhage due to late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB).” Journal of Perinatology 2009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19177046
LESSONS FROM THE SALK POLIO VACCINE: METHODS FOR AND RISKS OF RAPID TRANSLATION
“Regretfully, the story of polio vaccine was not without tragedy. In April 1955, soon after mass polio vaccination began in the United States, reports trickled in to the Surgeon General concerning atypical cases of paralytic polio. Several paralytic polio cases were reported in California in patients who had received the polio vaccine about a week earlier but the paralysis only affected the arm or leg in which they received the injection. Each of these cases occurred in polio vaccine produced by Cutter pharmaceutical company. The Surgeon General immediately pulled all Cutter polio vaccine, but it was too late; nearly 400,000 children had been inoculated with Cutter polio vaccine and 250 cases of atypical paralytic polio occurred. There were also reports of the Wyeth pharmaceutical company polio vaccine causing paralysis and death in several children in the northeastern United States.” Clinical and Translational Science 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928990/
Live attenuated varicella vaccine: evidence that the virus is attenuated and the importance of skin lesions in transmission of varicella-zoster virus. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Varicella Vaccine Collaborative Study Group.
“To examine whether the live varicella vaccine virus is attenuated, we analyzed varicella vaccine-induced contact cases of clinical chickenpox in healthy siblings of immunized children with leukemia. A rash developed approximately 1 month later in 156 children with leukemia who had been vaccinated. Vaccine-type virus was isolated from 25 of these children.” Journal of Pediatrics 1990 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2153790/
Local public health response to vaccine-associated measles: case report.
“A five-year-old Canadian-born boy with a history of a hematopoetic stem cell transplant three years previously received live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Over the subsequent 7 to 14 days, he developed an illness clinically consistent with measles. There was no travel history or other measles exposure. Serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing confirmed acute measles infection.” BMC Public Health 2013 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23531102/
Low vaccine efficacy of mumps component among MMR vaccine recipients in Chennai, India
“These facts inevitably state that MMR vaccine failed to offer protection in vaccinated individuals against mumps infection.” Indian Journal of Medical Research 2014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4140044/
A limited measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated US boarding school
“OBJECTIVES: We investigated a measles outbreak that began in March 2003 in a Pennsylvania boarding school with >600 students to identify all cases, including the source; implement outbreak control measures; and evaluate vaccine effectiveness.” Pediatrics 2005 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16322148
Live, attenuated varicella zoster vaccination of an immunocompromised patient.
“ vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster outbreaks in adults over the age of 60 years has recently been approved. A 76-year-old white female with a history of recurrent left axillary breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy was given a Zostavax injection by her primary care physician.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 2008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18286341
Major measles epidemic in the region of Quebec despite a 99% vaccine coverage
“Vaccination coverage for the total population was 99.0%. Incomplete vaccination coverage is not a valid explanation for the Quebec City measles outbreak.” Journal Public Health 1991 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/1884314/
Measles outbreak in a fully immunized secondary-school population.
“An outbreak of measles occurred among adolescents in Corpus Christi, Texas, in the spring of 1985, even though vaccination requirements for school attendance had been thoroughly enforced.” The New England Journal of Medicine 1987 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3821823/
A measles outbreak in a middle school with high vaccination coverage and evidence of prior immunity among cases, Beijing, P.R. China.
“CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report from China showing measles transmission among persons with prior evidence of immunity.” Vaccine 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26589518
Mechanism of Injury-Provoked Poliomyelitis
“Skeletal muscle injury is known to predispose its sufferers to neurological complications of concurrent poliovirus infections. This phenomenon, labeled “provocation poliomyelitis,” continues to cause numerous cases of childhood paralysis due to the administration of unnecessary injections to children in areas where poliovirus is endemic.” Journal of Virology 1998 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC110068/
Modified chickenpox in children immunized with the Oka/Merck varicella vaccine.
“The severity of chickenpox in healthy children who have received Oka/Merck varicella vaccine since 1981 is described.” Pediatrics 1993 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8416499/
Molecular typing of canine parvovirus strains circulating from 2008 to 2012 in an organized kennel in India reveals the possibility of vaccination failure
“The CPV {Canine parvovirus} vaccines used in the present study failed to generate protective antibody titer against heterogeneous CPV antigenic types. The findings were confirmed when the affected pups were treated with hyper-immune heterogeneous purified immunoglobulin’s against CPV in dogs of different antigenic types. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24486948
MRI findings in an infant with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.
“We report a Brazilian infant who developed VAPP 40 days after receiving the first dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV). MR images of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord showed lesions involving the anterior horn cell, with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. We would like to emphasize the importance of considering VAPP as a differential diagnosis in patients with acute flaccid paralysis and an MRI showing involvement of medulla oblongata or spinal cord, particularly in countries where OPV is extensively administered.” Pediatric Radiology 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20440488/
Mumps epidemic in vaccinated children in West Switzerland
“Since 1991, 6 years after the recommendation of universal childhood vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR triple vaccine), Switzerland is confronted with a large number of mumps cases affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Up to 80% of the children suffering from mumps between 1991 and 1995 had previously been vaccinated, the majority with the Rubini vaccine strain.” Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 1997 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9312835/
Mumps vaccine virus transmission
“In this work we report the mumps vaccine virus shedding based on the laboratory confirmed cases of the mumps virus (MuV) infection. The likely epidemiological sources of the transmitted mumps virus were children who were recently vaccinated with the mumps vaccine containing Leningrad-Zagreb or Leningrad-3 MuV. The etiology of the described cases of the horizontal transmission of both mumps vaccine viruses was confirmed by PCR with the sequential restriction analysis.” Voprosy Virusologii 2013 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24772647/
Neonatal paralytic poliomyelitis. A case report.
“We report a child who became symptomatic with apnea at 18 days of age and who subsequently developed a permanent monoparesis. Serologic and cultural evidence indicated the virus as poliovirus vaccine type. Another infant who received live oral poliovirus vaccine was probably the source of the infecting virus.” Archives of Neurology 1986 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3947264/
Neurologic complications in oral polio vaccine recipients.
“A vaccine-like strain of poliovirus was isolated from each patient, and each had symptoms (left leg paralysis in three; developmental regression, spasticity, and progressive fatal cerebral atrophy in one) persisting for at least 6 months.” Journal of Pediatrics 1986 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3012055/
Outbreak of aseptic meningitis associated with mass vaccination with a urabe-containing measles-mumps-rubella vaccine: implications for immunization programs.
“A mass immunization campaign with a Urabe-containing measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was carried out in 1997 in the city of Salvador, northeastern Brazil, with a target population of children aged 1-11 years. There was an outbreak of aseptic meningitis following the mass campaign.” American Journal of Epidemiology 2000 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10707922/

Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance indicators in the Democratic Republic of Congo during 2008-2014
“Of the 13,749 AFP cases investigated, 58.9% received at least three doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV), 7.3% never received OPV, while the status of 18.3% was unknown.” Pan African Medical Journal 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27642491
Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines other than pertussis and rubella. Summary of a report from the Institute of Medicine.
The committee found that the evidence favored acceptance of a causal relation between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and Guillain-Barré syndrome and brachial neuritis, between measles vaccine and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome, and between unconjugated Hib vaccine and susceptibility to Hib disease. The committee found that the evidence established causality between diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and anaphylaxis, between measles vaccine and death from measles vaccine-strain viral infection, between measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thrombocytopenia and anaphylaxis, between oral polio vaccine and poliomyelitis and death from polio vaccine-strain viral infection, and between hepatitis B vaccine and anaphylaxis. JAMA 1994 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8182813/
‘An American tragedy’. the Cutter incident and its implications for the Salk polio vaccine in New Zealand 1955-1960.
“During the United States polio immunisation campaign in 1955 a number of children immunised with Cutter Laboratories vaccine were stricken with the disease, halting the programme.” Health History 1990 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20481116/
Aseptic meningitis after vaccination against measles and mumps
“This retrospective study (1979 to 1986) investigated the possible etiologic relationship between vaccination and aseptic meningitis in 115 hospitalized children who became ill within 30 days of vaccination with the Leningrad 3 strain of mumps virus and the Edmonston-Zagreb strain of measles virus.” The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 1989 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2726323/
Bordetella parapertussis outbreak in Southeastern Minnesota and the United States, 2014. (2017)
“All patients were vaccinated against pertussis, suggesting that pertussis vaccination is ineffective against B. parapertussis.” Medicine 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28514288/
Canine rabies in Nigeria, 1970 – 1980 reported cases in vaccinated dogs.
“Of the 14 cases there were 10 cases of apparent vaccine failure involving modified live (low egg passage chick embryo) vaccine in use during the study period. In 4 of these cases, infection may actually have been induced by the vaccine.” International Journal of Zoonoses 1982 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7169305
CASE OF VACCINE-ASSOCIATED MEASLES FIVE WEEKS POST-IMMUNISATION
http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20649
Challenges in Interpretation of Diagnostic Test Results in a Mumps Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated Population. 2017
“This is the first published report of an outbreak of mumps in Ontario in which all confirmed cases had been vaccinated against the disease.” Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28003216/
Characteristics of poliovirus strains from long-term excretors with primary immunodeficiencies.
“ Long-term excretion of vaccine strains of poliovirus has been documented for many years and instances of paralytic poliomyelitis in hypogammaglobulinaemic patients who were subsequently found to have been excreting virus for prolonged periods have been reported in the U.S.A., Germany and Japan.” Developmental Biology 2001 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11763340
Chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child.
“We investigated an immunodeficient child in whom chronic progressive poliomyelitis developed after she had received live oral poliovirus vaccine. Poliovirus, Type II, was isolated from throat and stool during life and from several sites within the brain at autopsy.” The New England Journal of Medicine 1977 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/195206
Comparison of neutralizing antibody titers against outbreak-associated measles genotypes (D4, H1 and B3) in Iran.
“Despite the accessibility of a promising vaccine, outbreaks of the measles virus (MV) take place even in well-vaccinated populations.” Pathogens and Disease 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27777263/
Continuing measles transmission in students despite school-based outbreak control program.
“Forty-six cases occurred among students more than two weeks after control program implementation. All 46 had a school record indicating adequate measles vaccination; 13 had been vaccinated at control program clinics by one jet-injector team (Team A).” American Journal of Epidemiology 1985 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/4014205/
Deep sequencing reveals persistence of cell-associated mumps vaccine virus in chronic encephalitis.
“Notwithstanding this, we describe here devastating neurological complications associated with the detection of live-attenuated mumps virus Jeryl Lynn (MuV(JL5)) in the brain of a child who had undergone successful allogeneic transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). This is the first confirmed report of MuV(JL5) associated with chronic encephalitis and highlights the need to exclude immunodeficient individuals from immunisation with live-attenuated vaccines.” Acta Neuropathologica 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27770235/
Detection of fecal shedding of rotavirus vaccine in infants following their first dose of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine.
“Studies on rotavirus vaccine shedding and its potential transmission within households including immunocompromised individuals are needed to better define the potential risks and benefits of vaccination.” Vaccine 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21477676/
Disseminated, persistent, and fatal infection due to the vaccine strain of varicella-zoster virus in an adult following stem cell transplantation.
“Here, we describe the fatality of an immunocompromised patient who received the varicella vaccine. His medical history provides a cautionary lens through which to view the decision of when vaccination is appropriate. A middle-aged man with non-Hodgkin lymphoma received chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant. He was vaccinated 4 years post-transplantation, despite diagnosis of a new low-grade lymphoma confined to the lymph nodes.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25452596
Efficacy of a Russian-backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine among children in Senegal: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
“INTERPRETATION: Live attenuated influenza vaccine was well tolerated in young children in Senegal, but did not provide protection against influenza.” The Lancet Global Health 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27746224/
An emergent poxvirus from humans and cattle in Rio de Janeiro State: Cantagalo virus may derive from Brazilian smallpox vaccine.
“Together, the data suggested that CTGV may have derived from VV-IOC by persisting in an indigenous animal(s), accumulating polymorphisms, and now emerging in cattle and milkers as CTGV. CTGV may represent the first case of long-term persistence of vaccinia in the New World. Virology 2000 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11080491/
Evidence for immunisation failure in vaccinated adult dogs infected with canine parvovirus type 2c
“An outbreak of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) infection in vaccinated adult dogs is reported.” New Microbiologica 2008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18437851
Explosive school-based measles outbreak: intense exposure may have resulted in high risk, even among revaccinees.
“The authors studied inoculum intensities as measured by proxy variables and the contagiousness of properly vaccinated persons who contracted measles among 51 measles patients infected in one school, at home, or elsewhere, utilizing preexisting records of measles cases and 214 healthy controls from an explosive school outbreak that occurred in a rural Finnish municipality in 1989.” American Journal of Epidemiology 1998 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9850133/
Failed rubella immunization in adults: association with immunologic and virological abnormalities.
“Immunologic and virological studies were performed in 13 adults (12 women and one man) who failed to seroconvert (as shown by rubella hemagglutination-inhibition [HAI] techniques) after single or repeated courses of HPV-77 DE/5 or RA 27/3 rubella virus vaccine.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1985 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3968452/
The failure of an inactivated mink enteritis virus vaccine in four preparations to provide protection to dogs against challenge with canine parvovirus-2
“Four experimental vaccine preparations comprising a strain of mink enteritis virus inactivated by either formalin or beta-propiolactone, and either adjuvanted or nonadjuvanted, failed to stimulate a consistent serum antibody response in 20 vaccinated dogs and failed to protect all but one of these dogs against oral challenge with canine parvovirus-2.” Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 1982 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/6280820
Failure of inactivated influenza A vaccine to protect healthy children aged 6-24 months.
“Inactivated influenza vaccine did not reduce the attack rate of influenza A infection in 6-24 month old children.” Pediatrics International 2004 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15056235
Failure to reach the goal of measles elimination. Apparent paradox of measles infections in immunized persons.
“RESULTS: We found 18 reports of measles outbreaks in very highly immunized school populations where 71% to 99.8% of students were immunized against measles.” Archives of Internal Medicine 1994 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8053748/?i=6
Fever and multisystem organ failure associated with 17D-204 yellow fever vaccination: a report of four cases.
“FINDINGS: The clinical presentations were characterised by fever, myalgia, headache, and confusion, followed by severe multisystemic illnesses. Three patients died. Vaccine-related variants of yellow fever virus were found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of one vaccinee. The convalescent serum samples of two vaccinees showed antibody responses of at least 1:10240. Immunohistochemical assay of liver tissue showed yellow fever antigen in the Kuppfer cells of the liver sample.” Lancet 2001 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11463410/
Finding the ‘who’ in whooping cough: vaccinated siblings are important pertussis sources in infants 6 months of age and under.
“At its peak, siblings were the most important sources of pertussis in infants 6 months and younger, particularly fully vaccinated children aged 2 and 3 years. Waning immunity before the booster at 4 years may leave this age group susceptible to infection.” Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report 2014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/25391405/
Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in a vaccinated and immunocompetent child.
“We report a case of a fifteen-months-old girl, previously healthy and vaccinated, admitted in the emergency room with fever and vomiting. She was irritable and the Brudzinski’s sign was positive.” Journal of Infection and Public Health 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27422142
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis in the Short Period after Vaccination: A Reminder of the Phenomenon of Apparent Vaccine Failure.
“We present two cases of bacterial meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) which developed a few days after conjugate Hib vaccination. This phenomenon of postimmunization provocative time period is reviewed and discussed. These cases serve as a reminder to clinicians of the risk, albeit rare, of invasive Hib disease in the short period after successful immunization.” Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22953084/
Hepatitis B Vaccines—to Switch or Not to Switch
“Shortly after the licensure of Heptavax-B in 1981 and its general availability in July 1982, the discovery of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among male homosexuals threatened the success of this product, since some of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive plasma donors were members of this high-risk group. Intensive epidemiologic, virological, and serological evaluations were launched, which eventually found no evidence for the transmission of AIDS to recipients of the plasma-derived HBsAg vaccine.” JAMA 1987 http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/366144
Herpes zoster due to Oka vaccine strain of varicella zoster virus in an immunosuppressed child post cord blood transplant.
“A 5-year-old boy was vaccinated with the Oka strain of varicella zoster virus vaccine before cord blood transplant for chronic granulomatous disease in 2005. In 2006, he developed herpes zoster on his left arm. DNA from the vesicular rash confirmed the Oka vaccine strain of varicella zoster virus caused this complication. He responded well to 10 days of aciclovir treatment.” Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2007 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/17854459
Herpes zoster in an adult recipient of live attenuated varicella vaccine.
“A healthy 30-y-old female physician who was immunized with two doses of live attenuated varicella vaccine developed a localized case of zoster involving the right T8-10 dermatomes 36 mo after vaccination. The virus isolated from her rash was an unusual wild-type of varicella-zoster virus. After immunization she developed detectable antibodies to varicella-zoster virus, but antibodies were no longer detectable after 20 mo.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1989 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2547882
High diversity of poliovirus strains isolated from the central nervous system from patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.
“To establish the etiology of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP), isolates from the central nervous system (CNS) from eight patients with VAPP were compared with stool isolates from the same patients.” Journal of Virology 1994 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/7966599/
High rate of vaccine failure after administration of acellular pertussis vaccine pre- and post-liver transplantation in children at a children’s hospital in Japan.
“We assessed the serological response to pertussis vaccines administered pre- and post-liver transplantation in 58 pediatric patients at a children’s hospital in Japan.” Transplant Infectious Disease 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26565897
Horizontal transmission of a human rotavirus vaccine strain–a randomized, placebo-controlled study in twins
“Transmission of excreted vaccine-derived infectious virus from vaccinated to unvaccinated individuals is possible within close contacts.” Vaccine 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22008819/
Horizontal transmission of the Leningrad-Zagreb mumps vaccine strain: a report of six symptomatic cases of parotitis and one case of meningitis.
“Here we report horizontal symptomatic transmission of the Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Zagreb) mumps vaccine virus. Children who were the source of transmission had been vaccinated with the MMR vaccine (Serum Institute of India) contained L-Zagreb mumps virus. This is the first report of horizontal symptomatic transmission of this vaccine. The etiology of all seven contact cases was confirmed by epidemiological linking, serology and by F, SH, NP and HN mumps virus genes sequencing.” Vaccine 2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22749598/
Immune persistence after pertussis vaccination.
“An increased prevalence of pertussis in older populations has been found, mainly caused by waning immunity after vaccination.” Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28045580
Interference of Vaccine Derived Polio Viruses with Diagnosis of Enteroviral Diseases in Neonatal Period.
“OPV vaccinated neonates commonly pass the vaccine virus in their pharynx and stool which can be mistaken with NPEV.” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28050469
Invasive pneumococcal disease: From a tertiary care hospital in the post-vaccine era
“A breakthrough infection occurring with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Turkey are previously described.” Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27905836/
A large vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak on Madura Island–Indonesia, 2005.
“Between June and October 2005, 45 laboratory-confirmed type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) cases were identified on Madura Island in Indonesia. Genetic sequencing data on VDPV isolates were consistent with replication and circulation for up to approximately 2 years. Concurrent circulation with type 1 wild poliovirus (WPV) enabled comparisons of VDPV and WPV cases and found that clinical and epidemiological features of both were similar. Attack rates for VDPV were as high as those for WPV. Of 41 VDPV case patients with known vaccination status, 25 (61%) had received zero oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18199031/
Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding after intramuscular prophylaxis at birth: a case report
“We report the case of a 6-week-old female who presented an intracranial hemorrhage due to late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB).” Journal of Perinatology 2009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19177046
LESSONS FROM THE SALK POLIO VACCINE: METHODS FOR AND RISKS OF RAPID TRANSLATION
“Regretfully, the story of polio vaccine was not without tragedy. In April 1955, soon after mass polio vaccination began in the United States, reports trickled in to the Surgeon General concerning atypical cases of paralytic polio. Several paralytic polio cases were reported in California in patients who had received the polio vaccine about a week earlier but the paralysis only affected the arm or leg in which they received the injection. Each of these cases occurred in polio vaccine produced by Cutter pharmaceutical company. The Surgeon General immediately pulled all Cutter polio vaccine, but it was too late; nearly 400,000 children had been inoculated with Cutter polio vaccine and 250 cases of atypical paralytic polio occurred. There were also reports of the Wyeth pharmaceutical company polio vaccine causing paralysis and death in several children in the northeastern United States.” Clinical and Translational Science 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928990/
Live attenuated varicella vaccine: evidence that the virus is attenuated and the importance of skin lesions in transmission of varicella-zoster virus. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Varicella Vaccine Collaborative Study Group.
“To examine whether the live varicella vaccine virus is attenuated, we analyzed varicella vaccine-induced contact cases of clinical chickenpox in healthy siblings of immunized children with leukemia. A rash developed approximately 1 month later in 156 children with leukemia who had been vaccinated. Vaccine-type virus was isolated from 25 of these children.” Journal of Pediatrics 1990 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/2153790/
Local public health response to vaccine-associated measles: case report.
“A five-year-old Canadian-born boy with a history of a hematopoetic stem cell transplant three years previously received live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Over the subsequent 7 to 14 days, he developed an illness clinically consistent with measles. There was no travel history or other measles exposure. Serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing confirmed acute measles infection.” BMC Public Health 2013 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23531102/
Low vaccine efficacy of mumps component among MMR vaccine recipients in Chennai, India
“These facts inevitably state that MMR vaccine failed to offer protection in vaccinated individuals against mumps infection.” Indian Journal of Medical Research 2014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4140044/
A limited measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated US boarding school
“OBJECTIVES: We investigated a measles outbreak that began in March 2003 in a Pennsylvania boarding school with >600 students to identify all cases, including the source; implement outbreak control measures; and evaluate vaccine effectiveness.” Pediatrics 2005 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/16322148
Live, attenuated varicella zoster vaccination of an immunocompromised patient.
“ vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster outbreaks in adults over the age of 60 years has recently been approved. A 76-year-old white female with a history of recurrent left axillary breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy was given a Zostavax injection by her primary care physician.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 2008 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18286341
Major measles epidemic in the region of Quebec despite a 99% vaccine coverage
“Vaccination coverage for the total population was 99.0%. Incomplete vaccination coverage is not a valid explanation for the Quebec City measles outbreak.” Journal Public Health 1991 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/1884314/
Measles outbreak in a fully immunized secondary-school population.
“An outbreak of measles occurred among adolescents in Corpus Christi, Texas, in the spring of 1985, even though vaccination requirements for school attendance had been thoroughly enforced.” The New England Journal of Medicine 1987 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3821823/
A measles outbreak in a middle school with high vaccination coverage and evidence of prior immunity among cases, Beijing, P.R. China.
“CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report from China showing measles transmission among persons with prior evidence of immunity.” Vaccine 2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26589518
Mechanism of Injury-Provoked Poliomyelitis
“Skeletal muscle injury is known to predispose its sufferers to neurological complications of concurrent poliovirus infections. This phenomenon, labeled “provocation poliomyelitis,” continues to cause numerous cases of childhood paralysis due to the administration of unnecessary injections to children in areas where poliovirus is endemic.” Journal of Virology 1998 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC110068/
Modified chickenpox in children immunized with the Oka/Merck varicella vaccine.
“The severity of chickenpox in healthy children who have received Oka/Merck varicella vaccine since 1981 is described.” Pediatrics 1993 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8416499/
Molecular typing of canine parvovirus strains circulating from 2008 to 2012 in an organized kennel in India reveals the possibility of vaccination failure
“The CPV {Canine parvovirus} vaccines used in the present study failed to generate protective antibody titer against heterogeneous CPV antigenic types. The findings were confirmed when the affected pups were treated with hyper-immune heterogeneous purified immunoglobulin’s against CPV in dogs of different antigenic types. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24486948
MRI findings in an infant with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.
“We report a Brazilian infant who developed VAPP 40 days after receiving the first dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV). MR images of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord showed lesions involving the anterior horn cell, with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. We would like to emphasize the importance of considering VAPP as a differential diagnosis in patients with acute flaccid paralysis and an MRI showing involvement of medulla oblongata or spinal cord, particularly in countries where OPV is extensively administered.” Pediatric Radiology 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20440488/
Mumps epidemic in vaccinated children in West Switzerland
“Since 1991, 6 years after the recommendation of universal childhood vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR triple vaccine), Switzerland is confronted with a large number of mumps cases affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Up to 80% of the children suffering from mumps between 1991 and 1995 had previously been vaccinated, the majority with the Rubini vaccine strain.” Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 1997 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/9312835/
Mumps vaccine virus transmission
“In this work we report the mumps vaccine virus shedding based on the laboratory confirmed cases of the mumps virus (MuV) infection. The likely epidemiological sources of the transmitted mumps virus were children who were recently vaccinated with the mumps vaccine containing Leningrad-Zagreb or Leningrad-3 MuV. The etiology of the described cases of the horizontal transmission of both mumps vaccine viruses was confirmed by PCR with the sequential restriction analysis.” Voprosy Virusologii 2013 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24772647/
Neonatal paralytic poliomyelitis. A case report.
“We report a child who became symptomatic with apnea at 18 days of age and who subsequently developed a permanent monoparesis. Serologic and cultural evidence indicated the virus as poliovirus vaccine type. Another infant who received live oral poliovirus vaccine was probably the source of the infecting virus.” Archives of Neurology 1986 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3947264/
Neurologic complications in oral polio vaccine recipients.
“A vaccine-like strain of poliovirus was isolated from each patient, and each had symptoms (left leg paralysis in three; developmental regression, spasticity, and progressive fatal cerebral atrophy in one) persisting for at least 6 months.” Journal of Pediatrics 1986 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/3012055/
Outbreak of aseptic meningitis associated with mass vaccination with a urabe-containing measles-mumps-rubella vaccine: implications for immunization programs.
“A mass immunization campaign with a Urabe-containing measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was carried out in 1997 in the city of Salvador, northeastern Brazil, with a target population of children aged 1-11 years. There was an outbreak of aseptic meningitis following the mass campaign.” American Journal of Epidemiology 2000 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10707922/

Application of the immunological disease continuum to study autoimmune and other inflammatory events after vaccination.
“Emerging data suggest that self-directed tissue inflammation occurs along a continuum from innate immune-driven diseases to adaptive immune-driven diseases.” Vaccine 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21036134
Can influenza H1N1 vaccination lead to the membranous glomerulonephritis?
“So this case report is about a 56-year-old man, who developed membranous glomerulonephritis 23 days after the vaccination against Influenza A (H1N1) virus.” Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22771654
A case of Evans’ syndrome following influenza vaccine.
“CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old man with no prior medical history developed Evans’ syndrome 4 days after receiving influenza immunization. The patient improved following treatment with oral prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin.” Emergency Medicine 2013 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22796025
The common immunogenic etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: from infections to vaccines via adjuvants to the ASIA syndrome.
Recently, the AISA (autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants) syndrome was recognized, indicating the possible contribution of adjuvants and vaccines to the development of autoimmunity. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22054760
A comprehensive review of mercury provoked autism
“Emerging evidence supports the theory that some autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may result from a combination of genetic/biochemical susceptibility, specifically a reduced ability to excrete mercury (Hg), and exposure to Hg at critical developmental periods.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19106436/
Demyelinating disease and vaccination of the human papillomavirus
“CONCLUSIONS: Have been described seizures, autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, or motor neuron disease, probably adverse effects following immunization by HPV vaccine. So we suggest that vaccine may trigger an immunological mechanism leading to demyelinating events, perhaps in predisposed young.” Revue Neurologique 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21425100/
Erythema multiforme following vaccination for human papillomavirus.
“In our patient, the temporal relationship between the development of EM {Erythema multiforme} and the vaccination suggests that the HPV vaccine probably was the causal agent.” Dermatology 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19887766/
Gastrointestinal immunopathology and food allergy.
“In contrast to the beneficial expressions of gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, which are seen with relevance to newer methods of delivery of vaccines directly applied to the gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces (eg, oral poliovirus, rotavirus, Salmonella typhi vaccines), the adverse consequences of a mucosal immune response gone astray are evidenced in many diseases such as FA. A classification of clinical disorders associated with FA based on classic mechanisms of immunologic injury is presented, which includes the following: (1) IgE-mediated, (2) non-IgE-mediated, and (3) mixed IgE- and non-IgE-mediated disorders. Our study of immunologic disturbance in patients with non-IgE FA revealed a pattern of increased CD4+ and decreased TH1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in contrast to patients with celiac disease, where a pattern of increased CD8+ and TH1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and increased CD8+ cell counts was seen.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15562871/
Infection, vaccination, and autoantibodies in chronic fatigue syndrome, cause or coincidence?
“RESULTS: In contrast to the beneficial expressions of gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, which are seen with relevance to newer methods of delivery of vaccines directly applied to the gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces (eg, oral poliovirus, rotavirus, Salmonella typhi vaccines), the adverse consequences of a mucosal immune response gone astray are evidenced in many diseases such as FA {food allergy}.” Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 2004 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19758205/
Measles inclusion-body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus.
“We report a case of measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) occurring in an apparently healthy 21-month-old boy 8.5 months after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 1999 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10589903/
Mumps vaccine associated orchitis: Evidence supporting a potential immune-mediated mechanism.
“We report 3 cases of orchitis following vaccination with mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine, two with an onset within 3 days following vaccination. Orchitis is a common complication of mumps infection, particularly in post-pubertal males, and is also recognized as a very rare complication of mumps vaccination. These cases, discussed together with a comprehensive review of the existing literature regarding post-vaccine orchitis, highlight uncertainty regarding the pathogenesis of post-vaccine orchitis.” Vaccine 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20085834/
A possible central mechanism in autism spectrum disorders, part 1.
“This mechanism explains the link between excessive vaccination, use of aluminum and ethylmercury as vaccine adjuvants, food allergies, gut dysbiosis, and abnormal formation of the developing brain.” Alternative Therapies In Health And Medicine 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043938
Possible Triggering Effect of Influenza Vaccination on Psoriasis.
“The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of influenza vaccination on patients with psoriasis.” Journal of Immunology Research 2015 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26380315
The Putative Role of Environmental Mercury in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Subtypes. (2017)
“Environmental mercury is neurotoxic at doses well below the current reference levels considered to be safe, with evidence of neurotoxicity in children exposed to environmental sources including fish consumption and ethylmercury-containing vaccines.” Molecular Neurobiology 2018 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28733900/
Smallpox and smallpox vaccination: neurological implications.
“Cutaneous complications of vaccination occur in immunosuppressed subjects and in those with atopic dermatitis.” Neurology. 2003 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12707424
Subacute thyroiditis and dyserythropoesis after influenza vaccination suggesting immune dysregulation.
“We describe a case of subacute thyroiditis and dyserythropoesis occurring shortly after administration of an influenza vaccine in a 55-year-old man with history of diabetes and psoriasis, family history of autoimmunity without clinical evidence of acute viral infection prior to the onset of symptoms.” Boletin De La Asociacion Medica De Puerto Rico 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22111471/
Surveillance of adverse events after the first trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine produced in mammalian cell culture (Flucelvax(®)) reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), United States, 2013-2015.
“Among 309 reports with an AE documented, 19 (6.1%) were serious and the most common categories were 152 (49.2%) general disorders and administration site conditions (mostly injection site and systemic reactions) and 73 (23.6%) immune system disorders with two reports of anaphylaxis. Four reports of GBS were submitted. Disproportional reporting was identified for ‘drug administered to patient of inappropriate age.’” Vaccine 2015 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26518405
Systemic Immune Response to Vaccination on FDG-PET/CT.
“A patient with newly diagnosed right lung cancer had transient 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid left axillary lymph nodes and intense splenic FDG uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). History revealed that the patient received a left-sided influenza vaccine 2-3 days before the examination.” Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27994693/
Transverse myelitis and vaccines: a multi-analysis.
“We have disclosed 37 reported cases of transverse myelitis associated with different vaccines including those against hepatitis B virus, measles-mumps-rubella, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and others, given to infants, children and adults.” Lupus 2009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19880568
Vaccinations and secondary immune thrombocytopenia with antiphospholipid antibodies by human papillomavirus vaccine.
“A 13-year-old girl developed immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and concomitant positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) following vaccination with a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. During the course of a disease, she developed clinical manifestation with bleeding and she was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. Consequently, the number of her platelets remained critically low and she was put on corticosteroids and rituximab. Since then, her platelet count remain within the normal range, but her aPL are still present.” Seminars in Hematology 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27312165/
Vaccine-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in the dog
“This study provides the first clinical evidence for a temporal relationship of vaccine-associated IMHA in the dog.” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1996 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8884713/

Application of the immunological disease continuum to study autoimmune and other inflammatory events after vaccination.
“Emerging data suggest that self-directed tissue inflammation occurs along a continuum from innate immune-driven diseases to adaptive immune-driven diseases.” Vaccine 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21036134
Can influenza H1N1 vaccination lead to the membranous glomerulonephritis?
“So this case report is about a 56-year-old man, who developed membranous glomerulonephritis 23 days after the vaccination against Influenza A (H1N1) virus.” Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 2012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22771654
A case of Evans’ syndrome following influenza vaccine.
“CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old man with no prior medical history developed Evans’ syndrome 4 days after receiving influenza immunization. The patient improved following treatment with oral prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin.” Emergency Medicine 2013 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22796025
The common immunogenic etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: from infections to vaccines via adjuvants to the ASIA syndrome.
Recently, the AISA (autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants) syndrome was recognized, indicating the possible contribution of adjuvants and vaccines to the development of autoimmunity. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22054760
A comprehensive review of mercury provoked autism
“Emerging evidence supports the theory that some autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may result from a combination of genetic/biochemical susceptibility, specifically a reduced ability to excrete mercury (Hg), and exposure to Hg at critical developmental periods.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19106436/
Demyelinating disease and vaccination of the human papillomavirus
“CONCLUSIONS: Have been described seizures, autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, or motor neuron disease, probably adverse effects following immunization by HPV vaccine. So we suggest that vaccine may trigger an immunological mechanism leading to demyelinating events, perhaps in predisposed young.” Revue Neurologique 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21425100/
Erythema multiforme following vaccination for human papillomavirus.
“In our patient, the temporal relationship between the development of EM {Erythema multiforme} and the vaccination suggests that the HPV vaccine probably was the causal agent.” Dermatology 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19887766/
Gastrointestinal immunopathology and food allergy.
“In contrast to the beneficial expressions of gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, which are seen with relevance to newer methods of delivery of vaccines directly applied to the gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces (eg, oral poliovirus, rotavirus, Salmonella typhi vaccines), the adverse consequences of a mucosal immune response gone astray are evidenced in many diseases such as FA. A classification of clinical disorders associated with FA based on classic mechanisms of immunologic injury is presented, which includes the following: (1) IgE-mediated, (2) non-IgE-mediated, and (3) mixed IgE- and non-IgE-mediated disorders. Our study of immunologic disturbance in patients with non-IgE FA revealed a pattern of increased CD4+ and decreased TH1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in contrast to patients with celiac disease, where a pattern of increased CD8+ and TH1 cell counts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and increased CD8+ cell counts was seen.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15562871/
Infection, vaccination, and autoantibodies in chronic fatigue syndrome, cause or coincidence?
“RESULTS: In contrast to the beneficial expressions of gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, which are seen with relevance to newer methods of delivery of vaccines directly applied to the gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces (eg, oral poliovirus, rotavirus, Salmonella typhi vaccines), the adverse consequences of a mucosal immune response gone astray are evidenced in many diseases such as FA {food allergy}.” Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 2004 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19758205/
Measles inclusion-body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus.
“We report a case of measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) occurring in an apparently healthy 21-month-old boy 8.5 months after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 1999 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/10589903/
Mumps vaccine associated orchitis: Evidence supporting a potential immune-mediated mechanism.
“We report 3 cases of orchitis following vaccination with mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine, two with an onset within 3 days following vaccination. Orchitis is a common complication of mumps infection, particularly in post-pubertal males, and is also recognized as a very rare complication of mumps vaccination. These cases, discussed together with a comprehensive review of the existing literature regarding post-vaccine orchitis, highlight uncertainty regarding the pathogenesis of post-vaccine orchitis.” Vaccine 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/20085834/
A possible central mechanism in autism spectrum disorders, part 1.
“This mechanism explains the link between excessive vaccination, use of aluminum and ethylmercury as vaccine adjuvants, food allergies, gut dysbiosis, and abnormal formation of the developing brain.” Alternative Therapies In Health And Medicine 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043938
Possible Triggering Effect of Influenza Vaccination on Psoriasis.
“The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of influenza vaccination on patients with psoriasis.” Journal of Immunology Research 2015 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26380315
The Putative Role of Environmental Mercury in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Subtypes. (2017)
“Environmental mercury is neurotoxic at doses well below the current reference levels considered to be safe, with evidence of neurotoxicity in children exposed to environmental sources including fish consumption and ethylmercury-containing vaccines.” Molecular Neurobiology 2018 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28733900/
Smallpox and smallpox vaccination: neurological implications.
“Cutaneous complications of vaccination occur in immunosuppressed subjects and in those with atopic dermatitis.” Neurology. 2003 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12707424
Subacute thyroiditis and dyserythropoesis after influenza vaccination suggesting immune dysregulation.
“We describe a case of subacute thyroiditis and dyserythropoesis occurring shortly after administration of an influenza vaccine in a 55-year-old man with history of diabetes and psoriasis, family history of autoimmunity without clinical evidence of acute viral infection prior to the onset of symptoms.” Boletin De La Asociacion Medica De Puerto Rico 2011 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22111471/
Surveillance of adverse events after the first trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine produced in mammalian cell culture (Flucelvax(®)) reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), United States, 2013-2015.
“Among 309 reports with an AE documented, 19 (6.1%) were serious and the most common categories were 152 (49.2%) general disorders and administration site conditions (mostly injection site and systemic reactions) and 73 (23.6%) immune system disorders with two reports of anaphylaxis. Four reports of GBS were submitted. Disproportional reporting was identified for ‘drug administered to patient of inappropriate age.’” Vaccine 2015 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/26518405
Systemic Immune Response to Vaccination on FDG-PET/CT.
“A patient with newly diagnosed right lung cancer had transient 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid left axillary lymph nodes and intense splenic FDG uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). History revealed that the patient received a left-sided influenza vaccine 2-3 days before the examination.” Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27994693/
Transverse myelitis and vaccines: a multi-analysis.
“We have disclosed 37 reported cases of transverse myelitis associated with different vaccines including those against hepatitis B virus, measles-mumps-rubella, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and others, given to infants, children and adults.” Lupus 2009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19880568
Vaccinations and secondary immune thrombocytopenia with antiphospholipid antibodies by human papillomavirus vaccine.
“A 13-year-old girl developed immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and concomitant positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) following vaccination with a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. During the course of a disease, she developed clinical manifestation with bleeding and she was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. Consequently, the number of her platelets remained critically low and she was put on corticosteroids and rituximab. Since then, her platelet count remain within the normal range, but her aPL are still present.” Seminars in Hematology 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27312165/
Vaccine-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in the dog
“This study provides the first clinical evidence for a temporal relationship of vaccine-associated IMHA in the dog.” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1996 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/8884713/