Adley Rutschman - Sherwood, Oregon
Gunnar Henderson - Selma, Alabama
Ryan O'Hearn - Frisco, Texas
Jordan Westburg - New Braunfels, Texas
Ryan Mountcastle - Oviedo, Florida
Colton Cowser - Cypress, Texas
Cedric Mullins - Snelville, Georgia
Anthony Santandar - Agua Blanca, Portuguesa, Venezuela (this was the only street view in the whole town)
Jorge Mateo - San Luis, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (1 of 2 street views in the whole town)
Ramón Urías - Magdalena de Kino, Sonora, Mexico
Austin Hays - Port Orange, Florida
James McCann - Goleta, California
Kyle Bradish - Goodyear, Arizona
Corbin Burnes - Bakersfield, California
Cole Irvin - Yorba Linda, California
Dean Kremer - Stockton, California
John Means - Gardner, Kansas
Grayson Rodriguez - Nacogdoches, Texas
Tyler Wells - Morgantown, West Virginia
Keegan Akin - Midland, Michigan
Ran out of image space on reddit, but here is the link to the rest of the album: https://imgur.com/a/dLjdRds

Hey there! I’m a 20-year-old guy born and raised in the beautiful hills of West Virginia. I’m a down-to-earth person who loves the simple things in life. You can usually find me hiking the scenic trails, walking the quiet valleys, or just enjoying the peaceful outdoors. But at the right time I can grab a decent book and relax at the house or catch a movie with friends.
I’m a student working towards my degree, but in my free time, I’m all about adventures—whether it’s a spontaneous road trip, trying out a new local restaurant, or just stargazing on a clear night. I’m also a bit of a writer. I’m always coming up with a new story.
Looking For:
I’m looking for someone who shares my love for nature and has a kind, genuine heart. Someone who enjoys good conversation, has a great sense of humor, and isn’t afraid to try new things. If you’re up for some adventure and enjoy the simple pleasures in life, let’s chat and see where things go!
Interests:
Hiking and camping Exploring local history Music (I’m a singer) Cooking (especially grilling) Watching the stars Writing And Occasionally Gaming
Fun Fact:
Ive travelled to 16 different countries and traveling is one of the best choices I’ve made in my life!
Favorite Quote:
"Not all those who wander are lost." - J.R.R. Tolkien
What I’m Looking For:
Someone adventurous and outdoorsy A good sense of humor Kind and caring Enjoys quiet nights as much as exciting days Open to exploring new places and experiences If you think we might click, send me a message! I’m looking forward to meeting someone special.

Stephen Fry: The thing is, you have created a world, it's the sort of the definition of successful fiction, is to have a world that is somehow circumscribed by its own rules, its own ethics, its own cultural flavour, and smell and senses, and you've done this, and that's why it's very common to hear about children and adults dreaming that they are in Hogwarts, dreaming that they are side by side with Harry and Ron and Hermione and so on. And naturally, what comes as a result of this, too, is you get strange warning voices from people I always imagined with the steel-colored hair with a knitting needle stuck through it and a bun at the back, arguing that somehow this is dangerous...
J.K. Rowling: Yes.
Stephen Fry: ...for people, and, aside from the whole business of whether or not magic is dangerous for people, which I think we can ignore because...
[Both laugh]
Stephen Fry: ...it seems to cover such wild shores of unreason.
J.K. Rowling: It's all part of that. Young ladies, two hundred years ago, weren't allowed to read novels because it would inflame them and excite them and make them long for things that weren't real. And I remember being very distressed to read, when I was quite young, about Virginia Woolf being told she mustn't write because it would exacerbate her mental condition.
We need a place to escape to, whether as a writer or a reader, and obviously, the world that I've created is a particularly shining example of a world to which it is very pleasant to escape.
http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/1205-bbc-fry.html

Important - I write this from the perspective that you are in the United States. If you are in a different country, I suggest you contact local operators and see how they do things.
So you want to open a recovery house. Great! Now you have the huge problem of finding a house you can use as your recovery house.
The first question is a simple one: Rent or buy or use your own home?
If you want to rent, which is by far the most common option, you will run into the problem of finding a landlord that will rent to you. In my experience, many houses are managed by a company so you not only have to get the managing company onboard, you have to get the owner of the house on board as well. I suggest you have a email template saying who you are and what you want to do. Also make a list of management companies so you don't deal with a company that you know won't rent to you.
If you want to buy a house, your options are wide open.
If you want to use your own home, you can. Personally, I don't recommend it.
Location - this is a critical point to consider. You want to have the home in a location that is low on crime, access to infrastructure, transportation, work, recreation, and social health services. For example having your house near an area that drug dealers frequent is NOT a good idea. Being close to a subway station or bus line is a good idea. Remember - the residents will be usually lower income so being in a high income area usually causes problems.
NOTE: I strongly suggest staying away from a neighborhood that is part of an HOA. An HOA could enact a rule that would shut your house down and you would have no recourse but to close. It is illegal for an HOA to ban your home due to the federal fair housing act. That does not stop them however from banning the house due to it being used for commercial use. Group homes generally fall under commercial use of a property, even if it is not-for-profit.
Next hurdle - what type of house will it be? An Oxford house? NARR house? Your own thing?
The big thing to remember here is depending on where you live, government regulation may dictate what you can and can't do. In some states along with localities within those states, regulation is quite strict on what you can do while in other localities, hardly any regulation exist at all. Saying that, I can't stress this enough - Plan for regulation to be introduced and for it to be strict. In the state of Virginia where I live the regulations are not that strict. I know however that will change in the future. I'm already setup so that when the regulations are enacted, I will already be compliant.
If you want to do an Oxford house, I suggest you read this first: https://oxfordhouse.org/doc/BasicManual2017.pdf
NOTE: - In reading the Oxford house manual, I did not see anything concerning bed/bathroom ratios, how many square feet per bed is desired, allowing or not allowing bunk beds and so forth. All that is said is use common sense. I recommend you use the following ratio: 50 square ft per bed, 6 to 1 for full bathrooms, 6 people per refrigerator, avoid bunk beds when possible.
If you wish to do a NARR standard house, I suggest before you continue the process, read the following resources:
https://narronline.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/NARR_Standard_V.3.0_release_11-2018.pdf
https://narronline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/NARR_Ethics_Code_final_July-2016.pdf
https://narronline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/NARR_levels_summary.pdf
https://narronline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/NARR-Compendium-C-v6.pdf
There are MANY standards for a NARR house. They are not difficult to meet, however diligence is required to maintain those standards.
The general rule in picking a house is 50 square ft per bed, 6 to 1 for full bathrooms, and a meeting space that can handle everyone at once. Also, page 11 of the NARR compendium has more information on what to look for in a house.
Doing your own thing:
If you decide to do your own thing, you will find out rather quickly that if you try to pack people in, you will quickly gain a reputation as a place that is NOT good to be in. Yes, I get you want to make money. Remember, you are dealing with people and their needs are important.
Quote from NARR documentation when it comes to the home:

Regarding recovery housing, Wittman et al (2014) explain that, “the setting is the services.”26 The setting can significantly support or hinder residents’ recovery and shape the interactions between the recovery home and its neighborhoods.

I do not recommend you do your own thing but instead use either the Oxford or NARR standards. The reason is they are tried and tested, so they have fixed many of the problems that may come up.

Here is my list of Florida's post Furman execution roster that I wrote for my personal death penalty project. To be clear, the dates given here are a loose timeframe of an offender's first known criminal activities (including misdemeanors and delinquent activities) to their executions, and not at all their years on death row. In a large number of death penalty cases, the offenders were committing high level felonies, even other murders in extreme cases like Ted Bundy, well before the murders that condemned them. I wanted to encapsulate the earlier known or suspected offenses in order to express the scope and scale of their crimes.
As a warning, due how the death penalty is utilized in the United States, many of the surveyed crimes are extremely graphic by nature. Please read at your own risk. On a different note, Florida is the last currently completed list. I'm still working on Texas, and as of now finished 484 entries out of the state's 587 cases to date.
As with my lists for Missouri, Virginia, and Oklahoma, reddit's character limitations forced me to split Florida's roster into two parts. Here is the link to part 2.
The currently 105 executed offenders, cases 1 to 52:
1. John Spenkelink (~1972-1979, electric chair): While on the run after escaping from a Californian prison, Spenkelink picked up 45 year old Joseph Szymankiewicz while he was hitchhiking. Like Spenkelink, Szymankiewicz was a career criminal, and had a conviction for murdering a owner of a furniture store during a robbery. They went on a nationwide crime spree together, but Spenkelink shot Szymankiewicz and disemboweled him with a hatchet while he was asleep in a hotel room. He claimed that the killing was done to protect himself from a sexual assault and being forced to play Russian Roulette, but this was rejected by the courts. Spenkelink had several previous convictions of armed robberies, some of which he was serving when he escaped from California.
2. Robert Sullivan (1973-1983, electric chair): Sullivan and his accomplice abducted 38 year old Donald Schmidt from a Howard Johnson's he managed. They bound Schmidt's hands behind his back, and drove him to a remote swamp in the Everglades. He was beaten with a tire iron and shot four times in the head. The pair then took Schmdit's watch and his credit cards from his body.
3. Anthony Antone (~1970s-1984, electric chair): Antone, a high ranking mobster, was hired by a crime boss to arrange the murder of Richard Cloud, a 33 year old private detective. He arranged for two of his associates to gun down Cloud on his own front porch. Although he wasn't directly present at the crime itself, Antone bore the harshest penalties due to his employer and one of his triggermen committing suicide in custody and the surviving triggerman agreeing to testify against him.
4. Arthur Goode III (~1960s-1984, electric chair): Goode lured 9 year old Jason VerDow into a forest, and raped and strangled him to death. The next day, he abducted Billy Arthe, a 10 year old Guatemalan immigrant, and took him on a journey to Washington D.C. On their way through Virginia, Goode kidnapped 11 year old Kenny Dawson. Both boys were sexually abused, and he strangled Dawson to death with a belt in front of Arthe. Arthe was rescued when a passing woman recognized him from the news coverages. Good was notorious for being a shameless pedophile who openly flaunted and defended his predations of young boys to any listening ears. When he acted as his own attorney during the proceedings for VerDow's murder, Goode's defense entirely hinged on pedophila apologetics and advocacy. He started victimizing younger boys in his early teens, and dealt with several accusations of sexual assault throughout high school. His execution was somewhat controversial, as Goode was cognitively disabled and had the mentality of a young child.
5. James Adams (~1962-1984, electric chair): During a burglary of a ranch, Adams beat the owner, 61 year old Edgar Brown, to death with a firepoker stick. Several of the undisclosed items Adams stole in the robbery were discovered in his wife's car. Prior to the murder, Adams had a rape conviction that gave him a 99 year sentence, but he managed to escape from prison.
6. Carl Shriner (~1962-1984, electric chair): Shriner shot and killed Judith Carter, a 32 year old clerk, while robbing a convenience store. He was involved with petty crimes since he was 8 years old, and Shriner was on parole for armed robbery at the time of the murder.
7. David Washington (1976-1984, electric chair): Washington started his crime spree by fatally stabbing a minister, 69 year old Daniel Pridgen, during a robbery of his home. A few days later, he broke into a home that had 64 year old Katrina Birk and her 3 sister in laws inside. He tied up all four women, and stabbed and shot them. Birk was killed, but her sister in laws survived with crippling injuries. The day after Birk's murder, Washington and his accomplices kidnapped 20 year old Frank Meli from a university, tied him to a bed, and tried extorting a ransom from his family. When that failed, he stabbed his captive to death. In his 10 day long murder and robbery spree, Washington stole jewelry, a car, an undisclosed amount of some money from Pridgen, and $8 from Birk and her sister in laws.
8. Ernest Dobbert Jr. (1972-1984, electric chair): Dobbert routinely tortured his children with beatings, poking their eyes with his fingers, dunking their heads in bathtubs, and burnings with cigarette lighters. Two of them, 9 year old Kelly and 7 year old Ryder, were strangled to death during one of his daily beatings and torture sessions.
9. James Henry (~1965-1984, electric chair): Henry invaded the home of Zellie Riley, a 81 year old Civil Rights activist. He tied up and gagged Riley, slit his throat with a razor blade, and stole $64. A few days later, Henry shot and wounded detective Ronald Ferguson in a confrontation. He previously shot and injured a man in one incident and non fatally stabbed a man in another, and alleged in both cases that the circumstances were self defense. However, the apparent victims made identical claims that Henry was trying to rob them.
10. Timothy Palmes (1976-1984, electric chair): Palmes used his girlfriend to lure her employer, a 41 year old furniture store owner named James Stone, to her apartment and knocked him unconscious with a hammer. Palmes and his other accomplice, Ronald Straight, bound him with wire and locked Stone in a wooden box they specifically made for him. They tortured their captive by slowly cutting his fingers off, and stabbed him 18 times with a machete and knife. The trio dumped Stone's body (which was still trapped in the box) into a river and stole his watch, car, and $2,800 from his store. Palmes tried to blame the killing entirely on his girlfriend, but she was granted immunity in exchange for testifying against him and Straight.
11. James Raulerson (1975-1985, electric chair): Raulerson and his accomplice robbed a restaurant at gunpoint, and raped one of the female employees. When the responding officers arrived at the scene, the pair engaged in a shootout with them. Both Raulerson's accomplice and a policeman, 23 year old Michael Stewart, were killed in the skirmish.
12. Johnny Witt (1973-1985, electric chair): Witt and his accomplice frequently stalked random people they could in the woods, as they were thrilled by the prospect of hunting other human beings. On a whim, the pair ambushed 11 year old Jonathan Kushner while he was riding his bike. They incapacitated Kushner by hitting him in the head with a drill star bit and gagged him. After they tossed him in the back of their truck, Kushner suffocated on the gag. Witt and his accomplice then cut the boy's stomach open to prevent bloating, engaged in intercourse with his body, and buried Kushner in a shallow grave.
13. Marvin Francois (1977-1985, electric chair): During what is now called the "Carol City massacre", Francois and two other men, Beauford White and John Ferguson, forced their way into a drug house. They tied up the 8 men and women inside (who were all between 24-45 years old), and shot them all in the head. Only two of the victims, 45 year old Johnnie Hall and 24 year old Margaret Wooden, survived. A total of $800 was stolen in the attack. Accomplice Ferguson (who was executed in 2013) also committed a series of unrelated murders that Francois wasn't involved with. These crimes are discussed in depth under Ferguson’s section (case 78) in Part 2 of this list.
14. Daniel Thomas (1976-1986, electric chair): Thomas and his accomplices, dubbed the "Ski Mask Gang" by the media, went on a rampage that involved the burglaries of 16 homes and the rapes of 5 women. The husband of one of those women, 49 year old Charles Anderson, was shot dead in an attempt to protect her. Other murders attributed to the Gas Mask Gang include 20 year old Henry Kersey (shot to death while trying to defend his wife, who was then tossed off a bridge) and 70 year old Tessie Henderson (succumbed to injuries received in a beating). Another woman was blinded after members of the Ski Mask Gang poured liquid plumber into her eyes.
15. David Funchess (1973-1986, electric chair): Fuchess was fired from a liquor store due to the owners suspecting him of stealing money. A year later, he assaulted his former workplace with a knife. He stabbed two employees, 62 year old Bertha McLeod and 52 year old Anna Waldrop, and a customer, 56 year old Clayton Ragan. Waldrop and Ragan were killed at the scene, while McLeod died from complications relating to her injuries two years after the attack. Fuchess left the store with several canceled checks that total around $6,000. He had several misdemeanors and minor felonies on his previous record that included theft, loitering, obstructing traffic, public intoxication, and disturbing the peace. Fuchess also attracted some public sympathy due to him being a Vietnam combat veteran that was diagnosed with PTSD.
16. John Straight (1976-1986, electric chair): As mentioned in Timothy Palmes' section, Straight took part in the torture murder of David Stone, and the robbery of his furniture store.
17. Beauford White (~1963-1987, electric chair): White was another participant in the "Carol City massacre" that the previously mentioned Marvin Francois was involved in. He had a lengthy criminal history dating back to the 1960s, and one of his past convictions was related to an attempted rape.
18. Willie Darden (~1970s-1988, electric chair): Darden was convicted of the shooting death of 54 year old James Turman and the non fatal shooting of a 16 year old neighbor while robbing Turman's Furniture Store. Turman's wife was also raped in the robbery. Some supporters had citied that he was tried by an all white jury, and used it to push a narrative that Darden, a black man, was condemned out of racism. He had several previous convictions, which included assault, forgery, theft, and the attempted rape of a 70 year old woman. Darden was on furlough for the latter conviction during the time of Turman's murder.
19. Jeffrey Daugherty (1976-1988, electric chair): While on a road trip with his uncle and girlfriend, Daugherty murdered at least 4 women and one man, 68 year old Carmen Abrams, 50 year old Betty Campbell, 49 year old Lavonne Sailer, 28 year old Elizabeth Shank, and 18 year old George Karns. The victims were slain through either shootings or stabbings at grocery stores, gas stations, and restaurants they worked at, but Sailer was attacked while hitchhiking. Daugherty mostly murdered for personal enjoyment, but he often stole coins, clothes, and watches from the victims.
20. Theodore Bundy (~1970s(?)-1989, electric chair): Across multiple states, Bundy kidnapped, raped, and murdered a bare minimum of ~20-36 females between the ages of 12-26. Although his true body count is uncertain and heavily disputed, most experts agree that it well exceeds official estimates. Bundy's abduction tactics were diverse, and ranged from grabbing targets by force, pretending to be a cripple in need of help, posing as emergency workers, seduction, and luring them in through hitchhiking. On some occasions, Bundy broke into the residences of victims, and assaulted them in their bedrooms. After an abduction, the victims were bound with handcuffs, raped while they were alive, and he engaged in acts of necrophila with their bodies. Most of his killing methods were strangulations with cords or beatings with tire irons and other blunt instruments. Several victims were also decapitated, and he kept their heads as trophies. Bundy disposed of corpses by dumping them in deserts, mountains, swamps, and other remote wilderness environments accessible to him.
21. Aubrey Adams Jr. (1978-1989, electric chair): Adams lured 8 year old Trisa Thomley into his car by offering her a ride home from school. He tied the girl up and dragged her to a remote forest. She was then raped and suffocated with a plastic bag.
22. Jesse Tafero (~1960s-1990, electric chair): A pair of patrolmen, 39 year old Phillip Black and 39 year old Donald Irwin (who was also a Canadian constable), found Tafero sleeping in his car with his wife, their children (which consisted of a 9 year old son and a 10 month old daughter), and a friend. What exactly occurred next is heavily disputed, but Tafero or his friend shot both officers dead, after they noticed a gun on the dashboard and asked the group to climb out. The group then fled in a police car, disposed of it, and kidnapped a man to carjack him. Tafero's execution was controversial, as his head caught on fire during the electrocution, and his supporters cited evidence of his friend (who was sentenced to life, but was released in 1994 on good behavior) being the triggerman in the shootings. He also had a long history of armed robbery, rape, and sodomy. Tafero's wife was initially condemned for the murder, but her sentence was reduced to 25 years to life on appeal in 1981, and was released with an Alford Plea in 1992.
23. Anthony Bertolotti (1983-1990, electric chair): Bertolotti enticed 46 year old Carol Ward into his home with the promise of helping her make a phone call. He held Ward at knife point, demanded money, and raped her. She was stabbed to death during the assault, and Bertolotti drove away with her car. In the trial, Bertolotti alleged that Ward offered him sex in exchange for stopping the robbery, and used it to claim that his angry girlfriend made him kill her for it.
24. James Hamblen (1984-1990, electric chair): Hamblen shot and killed 34 year old Laureen Edwards during a robbery of her store. Despite forcing Edwards to disrobe, Hamblen left he unmolested. He then fled to Texas and quickly started a relationship with 20 year old Debbie Abbott. A month later, Hamblen shot Abbott dead during a heated argument.
25. Raymond Clark (~1964-1990, electric chair): In 1964, Clark beat Marshell Taylor, his landlord's 14 year old son that he groomed and abused, to death with a pipe. After his parole at an undisclosed date in the 70s, Clark groomed another 14 year old boy into an illicit relationship. He recruited him in the abduction of David Drake, a 49 year scrap dealer. With the boy's help, he kidnapped their victim at gunpoint with the intentions of ransoming him back to his family. The pair forced Drake to write them a $5,000 check, and shot him in the head. When he wasn't able to cash in the check, Clark dropped his accomplice off at his home to avoid being charged with the boy's kidnapping, fled to California, and tried to trick Drake's family into paying his ransom. However, a series of calls was traced to his accomplice, and he implicated Clark to the police.
26. Roy Harich (1981-1991, electric chair): Harich kidnapped two teenage girls, 18 year old Carlene Kelly and 17 year old Deborah Miller, after luring them into his van from a beach. The pair were then both sexually assaulted. He shot Kelly dead, slit Miller's throat, and dumped them on a highway. Miller survived the attack and dragged herself to safety.
27. Bobby Francis (~1970s-1991, electric chair): Suspecting him of being a police informant against his drug trafficking enterprise, Francis abducted 35 year old Titus Walters. He tied him up and forcibly injected drano and battery acid into his body for a span of two hours. Despite Walters' pleas for his life, Francis shot him in the head and heart.
28. Nollie Martin (1977-1992, electric chair): Martin and his accomplice robbed a convenience store at knifepoint, stole $90, and kidnapped the clerk, 19 year old Patricia Greenfield. She was then raped and stabbed to death by her captors.
29. Edward Kennedy (~1977-1992, electric chair): In 1977, Kennedy and some partners shot and killed 33 year old Robert Brown, during a robbery of a motel. He was given a life sentence for the murder. Four years later, Kennedy escaped from prison. While on the run, he broke into a house in hopes of stealing money and guns. The homeowner, 32 year old Floyd Cone Jr. returned home with his cousin, 35 year old Robert McDermon (who worked as a state trooper), and unwittingly intercepted Kennedy. He shot them both dead, fled to a neighboring home, and took a 21 year old woman and her 4 month old son hostage. After a hour long standoff, Kennedy released his captives and surrendered himself to the police.
30. Robert Henderson (~1964-1998, electric chair): In December of 1982, Henderson went on a month long rampage across 6 states. He raped, robbed, and murdered a total of 12 people between the ages of 11-79 through shootings. Three of the victims where his wife's parents, 61 year old Ivan and 57 year old Marie Barnett, and her 11 year old brother Clifford. A few other victims were women, like 50 year old Dorothy Wilkinson, 37 year old Cheryl McDonald, 30 year old Jerilyn Stanfield, and 21 year old Lucinda Russell, that were kidnapped from their workplaces and homes and raped. A couple more were men, such as 79 year old Murray Ferderbe and 61 year old Sam Corrent, that he killed while robbing their homes and businesses. Henderson's last remaining murders were a trio of hitchhikers, 27 year old Vernon Odom, 23 year old Frances Dickey, and 18 year old Robert Dawson, that he killed together. Last but not least, Henderson bound an unidentified woman and her 12 year old daughter at gunpoint during a break in of their home. After Henderson raped the mother, he tried to do the same to her daughter. The mother then broke free from her restraints, and chased him away from her home. Contemporary media reports noted that the mother "fought harder for her daughter then she did for herself." Henderson had prior convictions of growing marijuana, assaulting officers, and stealing license plates.
31. Larry Johnson (1979-1993, electric chair): During the robbery of a gas station, Johnson shot and killed the clerk, 67 year old James Hadden. Like David Funchess, Johnson enjoyed a considerable amount of public sympathy due to him being a combat veteran of the Vietnam War.
32. Michael Durocher (1983-1993, electric chair): In 1983, Durocher made an agreement with his girlfriend, 31 year old Grace Reed, to conduct a murder-suicide pact involving her 5 year old daughter Candace and their 6 month old son Joshua. Although he shot and stabbed them all to death, Durocher backed out of his end of the pact. He later shot dead 27 year old Thomas Underwood while robbing a decorating story in 1986, and beat his roommate, 38 year old Edward Childers, to death during an argument in 1988.
33. Roy Stewart (1978-1994, electric chair): 77 year old Margaret Haizlip invited Stewart into her home. When she caught Stewart stealing a gold watch from her medicine drawer, Haizlip tried to evict him. In the confrontation, Stewart raped and strangled her to death with an electrical cord. Her body was found with 8 broken ribs, a fractured larynx, bite marks on her thighs and breasts, several contusions, and a torn vagina.
34. Bernard Bolender (~1970s-1995, electric chair): In a drug deal gone wrong, Bolender and two accomplices abducted their dealers, 39 year old John Merino, 38 year old Rudy Ayan, 33 year old Nicomedes Hernandez, and 25 year old Scott Bennett, at gunpoint, and robbed them of their jewelry. All four men were beaten with baseball bats, stabbed, and burned with heated knifes to extort an additional source of cocaine from them. Most of the hostages died in the 2 hour long torture session, but Merino was still alive when Bolender burned him and the other hostages' bodies in a car. Although most of his criminal history is murky, Bolender was heavily involved in the drug trade during the 1970s at the bare minimum.
35. Jerry White (~1962-1995, electric chair): White robbed a grocery store, and held the owner, 53 year old Alex Alexander, and a trio of customers (which consisted of 34 year old James Melson, an unidentified man, and the man's 12 year old daughter) at gunpoint. He shot and killed Melson, wounded Alexander, and tried forcing the father and daughter into a freezer. When the pair refused, White tried to shot them, but his gun misfired. The man and his daughter were able to flee with their lives and called the police, while White ran off with $338. White had 9 previous convictions, which included attempted murder, armed robbery, theft, and burglary, and was first arrested at the age of 14.
36. Phillip Atkins (1981-1995, electric chair): Atkins kidnapped 6 year old Antonio Castillo and molested him in a forest. When Castillo threatened to tell his parents about the abuse, Atkins bludgeoned him to death with a pipe.
37. John Bush (~1970s-1996, electric chair): Bush and three other men kidnapped 18 year old Frances Slater from a gas station she worked as a clerk at. They stabbed her to death and stole $100 from the register. Slater's murder attracted national attention due to her being the granddaughter and heiress of renowned singer Frances Langford and the outboard motor mongrel Ralph Evinrude. Bush's previous convictions include rape and robbery.
38. John Mills Jr. (1982-1996, electric chair): Mills and his accomplice tied up and abducted 30 year old Les Lawhon after ransacking his trailer for any valuables. They took him to a nearby abandoned airport to hideout. Lawhon then was beaten with a tire iron and shot in the head execution style.
39. Pedro Medina (1982-1997, electric chair): Medina tied up and gagged 52 year old Dorothy James in her home. He stabbed her to death and stole her car, which he was captured sleeping in by investigating police officers. His execution was a source of controversy, as Medina's head burst into flames as he was electrocuted on the chair. Medina's case and similar incidents led to Florida gradually phasing out of the electric chair in favor of lethal injection.
40. Gerald Stano (~1960s-1998, electric chair): Stano was convicted of murdering 22 women and girls between the ages of 12-35, though he admitted to 41, and is suspected of a total of 88 killings. His victims were all lured with promises of rides, payment for sexual favors, or abducted through force. The methods he used were diverse, and included drownings, shootings, stabbings, and strangulations. Most of the sources noted that none of his victims were raped, and that Stano seemed to have murdered out of an enjoyment for killing. As a child, Stano was charged with fasley pulling fire alarms at school and throwing rocks at cars. He was also fired for stealing from coworkers in one of his jobs.
41. Leo Jones (1981-1998, electric chair): Supposedly out of revenge for being brutalized by policemen, Jones was convicted of killing Thomas Szafranski, a 28 year old officer, in a sniper attack. Szafranski was driving his patrol car when he was ambushed and murdered. His execution was contested, as Jones claimed that he was coerced into confessing by investigators through beatings, and one of the apparent witnesses allegedly recounted his testimony.
42. Judy Buenoano (~1957-1998, electric chair): Over the course of 11 years, Buenoano poisoned her husband, 32 year old James Goodyear, her son, 19 year old Michael, and her boyfriend, 39 year old Bobby Morris with arsenic to collect their life insurance policies. She also made an attempt to poison another boyfriend after he was injured in a suspicious explosion, but was foiled by a police investigation. As a young girl, Buenoano assaulted her father, stepmother, and stepbrothers, and served a two month sentence for it.
43. Daniel Remeta (1985-1998, electric chair): Remeta and his accomplices shot and killed 5 people, 60 year old Mehrle Reeder, 55 year old Glenn Moore, 42 year old Linda Marvin, 29 year old John Schroeder, and 27 year old Larry McFarland, across Kansas, Arkansas, and Florida. The victims were all murdered in convenience store, restaurant, and gas station robberies.
44. Allen Davis (~1970s-1999, electric chair): Davis broke into a home with the intentions of raping 9 year old Kristina Weiler. Although no sexual assault occurred, Davis tied Kristina up and shot her in the head. He also struck her pregnant mother, 37 year old Nancy, 25 times on her head and face with his pistol, and left the body "bruised beyond recognition." When Kristina's sister, 5 year old Katherine, tried to escape, Davis shot and bludgeoned her to death. He then sacked the home for any belongings. Davis was a long time felon, and had several previous convictions of burglary, child molestation, and involuntary manslaughter. His execution caused significant controversy, as his nose bled all over his body during the fatal shocks, and he suffered burns to his legs, head, and groin. The backlash, combined with other botched incidents like Pedroa Medina and Jesse Tafero, resulted in Florida replacing the electric chair with lethal injection.
45. Terry Sims (1977-2000, lethal injection): George Pfeil, a 57 year old deputy and WW2 veteran, walked into a pharmacy that Sims and his 3 accomplices were robbing, to pick up a prescription. Upon seeing what was happening, Pfeil pulled out his gun and engaged the robbers, but was killed by them in the shootout. Although Sims was injured, he managed to escape the scene, and was captured a month later while trying to carry out another robbery in California.
46. Anthony Bryan (1983-2000, lethal injection): Bryan and his accomplice kidnapped a night watchman, 60 year old George Wilson, and used his keys to rob a bank he guarded. They drove Wilson to a remote forest and shot him in the head. The pair dumped his body in a creek and drove their car into a lake to destroy any evidence.
47. Bennie Demps (~1971-2000, lethal injection): Demps received his first death sentence in 1971 when he shot and killed a real estate agent, 54 year old Robert Brinkworth, and his client, 64 year old Celia Puhlick, while the victims were trying to engage in a house sale. He also wounded Celia's husband, 62 year old Nicholas, and stole a safe from the house. However, his first death sentence was lifted from the brief nationwide capital punishment ban from the Furman decision. Two years after his first death sentence was commuted, Demps was given a second death sentence when he fatally stabbed another inmate, 23 year old Alfred Sturgis, on the behalf of the Perjury Incorporated prison gang. Sturgis was in prison for murder, and he was targeted due to Perjury Incorporated's suspicions of him of being an informant.
48. Thomas Provenzano (1984-2000, lethal injection): In retaliation for being charged for disorderly conduct months earlier, Provenzano stormed a courthouse, and shot and killed Arnold Wilkerson, a 60 year old deputy that was a veteran of WW2, Korea, and Vietnam, on the scene. Two more policemen, 53 year old Harry Dalton Jr. and 19 year old Mark Parker, were also hit by gunfire, and they both died from complications relating to their injuries years after the attack.
49. Dan Hauser (1995-2000, lethal injection): Out of a desire to kill somebody, Huser enticed a stripper, 21 year old Melanie Rodrigues, into a motel room with the promise of payment for sexual services. After they had intercourse, he strangled her to death. Hauser was also caught stealing a truck months before the murder.
50. Edward Castro (1986-2000, lethal injection): Castro lured three homosexual men, 57 year old Austin Scott, 50 year old George Hill, and 46 year old Claude Henderson, from gay bars. The victims were all tied up and stabbed to death in their homes. After each killing, Castro left with valuables such as cars, watches, rings, money, and wallets.
51. Robert Glock II (1983-2001, lethal injection): Glock kidnapped 34 year old Sharilyn Ritchie from a mall parking lot and forced her to withdraw $100 from an ATM. He then drove Ritchie to a forest 60 miles away and shot her in the head. Ritchie's wedding ring and purse was also stolen in the attack.
52. Rigoberto Sanchez-Velasco (1986-2002, lethal injection): Sanchez-Velasco raped and fatally strangled Katixa Ecenarro, his girlfriend's 11 year old daughter. While awaiting execution for Ecenarro's murder, Sanchez-Velasco got into a fight with fellow condemned inmates, 41 year old Charles Street and 30 year old Edwin Kaprat, and stabbed them both to death. Kaprat received a death sentence for the sexual abuse and torture-killings of 4 elderly women, while Street was sentenced to death for the shooting murders of two police officers.

CDC Virginia Wastewater Surveillance Data as of May 17, 2024
These are the CDC wastewater figures that were on the CDC database as of May 17, 2024.
This report is sorted from lowest to highest percentage of current virus levels in wastewater.
In quotes is the area the sewershed services. Note that you may find dupes. Each of these are separate sheds, and some areas are serviced by more than one.
After the comma at the end of the service area, is the current virus levels in wastewater found at that site (in percent) vs past data.
After that, in parentheses, is the last reading that was reported. In some cases this was last week, the previous week, or three weeks ago. If viral levels increased, there will be a ^ beside the last parentheses. Otherwise movement was down or plateaued. If it says "not updated", no new data was passed along this week.
I would think a small movement of 1% or so may be in the range of error.
All sites reported in. Since we only had about 19 sites report last week, about half of this week are updates from 7 days ago, and the other half are from 15 days ago. This gave us a dip last week that I think was a mirage caused by low reporting. 12 of the sites this week report an increase; the other 26 decreased.
We are now at a CDC viral rating of 1.55, a tad higher than we were two weeks ago. IMHO, we've been in a plateau for three weeks, with movements up and down across the state. Virginia is currently listed as "Low Level 3". There are two Low Levels (3 and 4). The entire scale is 1 to 10 running from Minimal to Very High.
And don't feel bad. Worst wastewater numbers are Hawaii at a CDC "Very High Level 9" (of 10).
"Winchester City; Frederick", 5.6% (was 10%)
"Clifton Forge City", 6.2% (was 20.5%)
"Amherst; Lynchburg City; Campbell; Bedford City", 6.8% (was 11.5%)
"Prince William; Stafford", 8.67% (was 6.33%)^
"Martinsville City; Henry", 13.6% (was 19.8%)
"Albemarle; Charlottesville City", 17.6% (was 16.5%)^
"Cumberland; Prince Edward", 18% (was 18.5%)
"Washington", 19.33% (was 21.67%)
"Bedford City; Roanoke; Roanoke City; Salem; Botetourt; Bland", 20.2% (was 15%)
"Chesapeake City; Virginia Beach City", 20.67% (was 27.33%)
"Montgomery; Pulaski; Radford", 21.25% (was 32%)
"Stafford", 22.57% (was 30.14%)
"Loudoun", 22.67% (was 13.33%)
"Petersburg City", 22.75% (was 21%)^
"Stafford", 25.14% (was 33.14%)
"Montgomery", 25.2% (was 30%)
"Frederick", 26% (was 48.5%)
"Henrico", 27% (was 21%)^
"Goochland; Henrico; Richmond City", 27% (was 41.5%)
"Halifax", 28.33% (was 19.33%)^
"Clifton Forge City", 30.33% (was 28%)^
"Mathews; York; Gloucester; Poquoson City; Newport News City; Hampton City", 33.33% (was 42.67%)
"Chesapeake City; Virginia Beach City; Norfolk City; Portsmouth City", 34.33% (was 46%)
"Franklin", 35.6% (was 42.75%)
"Fairfax; Falls Church City; Arlington; Alexandria City", 36% (was 29.25%)^
"Alexandria City; Fairfax", 38.6% (was 33.5%)^
"Carroll", 39.29% (was 42.5%)
"Isle Of Wight; Suffolk City; Chesapeake City; Portsmouth City", 41% (was 52.67%)
"Williamsburg City; Newport News City; York; New Kent; James City", 46.33% (was 38.67%)^
"Rockingham; Harrisonburg City", 47% (was 45%)^
"Manassas City; Fairfax City; Fauquier; Fairfax; Prince William; Loudoun; Manassas Park City", 49.67% (was 51.33%)
"Wise; Norton City", 51.33% (was 53.2%)
"James City; York; Hampton City; Newport News City", 54% (was 34%)^
"Hampton City; Newport News City", 54.33% (was 34%)
"Norfolk City", 54.67% (was 61.33%)
"Prince William; Fairfax", 60.33% (was 42.67%)^
"Russell", 61.67% (was 63.67%)
"Tazewell", 64.67% (was 75%)
Edit: Corrected missing data

Hi, clowns! Found lots of connections to an essay Sylvia Plath wrote and TTPD. Lots of info below, but was interesting!
TL; DR Plath’s college thesis paper is all about troubled poets and their “DOUBLES.”
Initial Tortured Poets and Sylvia Plath Connections
Of course, the theme of TTPD is tortured poets, so many avid literary Swifties have enjoyed seeking connections between Swift’s new songs and iconic poetry. No connections are overt, but some seem to be more likely than others. Namely, there’s been much discussion of Virginia Woolf thanks to the song “Who’s Afraid of Little Old Me?”(perhaps a riff on the Edward Albee play title). Other Swifties have found possible lyrical links to Mary Shelley and Charlotte Bronte. Swift herself references Patti Smith and Dylan Thomas in the album’s title track.
I remembered a third poet in relation to Smith and Thomas: Sylvia Plath, obviously an all timer of a tortured poet. I remember hearing an anecdote that she had been obsessed with Thomas and stalked him outside the Chelsea Hotel (also named in the TTPD title track). I did a quick skim of Plath’s Wikipedia to confirm and then started noticing many possible connections to TTPD and Plath’s life.
In the “Fortnight” music video, Swift acts out being institutionalized for insanity and getting electric shock treatment—two significant experiences in Plath’s life. Plath was also coupled with a deeply problematic man, Ted Hughes. Plath fell in love with Hughes for his artistic talent before he revealed himself to be an unsupportive parter, ultimately cheating on Plath with a younger woman. The narrative is not too dissimilar to the narrative about Swift’s alleged ex Matty Healy, as seemingly told in TTPD. (Of course, we don’t know the true subjects of Swift’s songs—if they’re even actually confessional—but some key hints point to Healy. Whether those hints provide actual context to Swift’s life or to the story Swift is telling of her life, one cannot know.) Finally, several of TTPD songs reference a latent desire for suicide (“I might as well die / it would make no difference” etc.). Okay, post-“finally,” these are stretches, but, I’ll note anyway: one of Plath’s most famous collections of poems is titled Ariel, but an alternate title was Daddy. There are connections to both words in TTPD via the song “But Daddy I Love Him.” The title is a line from the Disney movie The Little Mermaid (which features the main character Ariel, a mermaid, caught between two worlds). Extra clowning: some people (hi, I'm people) believe Swift’s 1989 costume for her first Paris concert was an allusion to Ariel: a pink crop top and a seafoam skirt.
As I dug into Plath's life, I couldn’t help but also see similarities to Swift's life. Both women were prolific writers from a very young age. Also, although possibly obscured through artistic license, both women were/are known to write about their own lives. (Plath was apparently encouraged by her professors Robert Lowell and Anne Sexton to write from her experience. I cannot help but tie in Swift’s “The Manuscript” lyric “the Professor said to write what you know.”) Both Plath and Swift expressed/express their depression via their writing, but if you only knew them from their public personas, you’d never guess the depths of their struggles. It seems both Plath and Swift lived/live double lives. Plath was actually fascinated by the concept of doubles. In fact, the concept of doubling was the topic of Plath’s college thesis paper “The Magic Mirror.”
The Magic Mirror and TTPD
Plath’s college paper is sadly not available to the general public. (It had a limited print run in, you guessed it, 1989.) But! I was able to read a few texts about the thesis, and the amount of possible TTPD references is astounding.
Since we can’t analyze Swift’s work via Plath’s directly, I’d like to share several key quotes from the most telling article I could find about the “The Magic Mirror”: “Sylvia Plath’s Magic Mirror” by Kelly Coyne (May 2018, The Los Angeles Review of Books). (To be noted, Coyne has also written about Swift, in her article “Growing Up In Taylor Swift’s America” in December 2023 on Literary Hub—a fabulous read!)
Early in her article, Coyne sets the scene for Plath's thesis:
“Her undergraduate thesis, which she wrote as a senior at Smith College...is titled “The Magic Mirror: A Study of the Double in Two of Dostoevsky’s Novels.” “The Magic Mirror” explores literary doubles made up of a character’s repressed traits, and, as the double grows in power, it heralds the protagonist’s death. Citing Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde as well as Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, Plath argued that the choice to create a double works to “reveal hitherto concealed character traits in a radical manner” and simultaneously exposes the driving conflicts of the novel housing that character. Her thesis claims that both Ivan, of The Brothers Karamazov, and Golyadkin, of The Double, have attempted to repress troubling aspects of their personalities, resulting in the double.”
Immediately, I imagine the two versions of Swift from the “Anti-Hero” music video. One Swift is real, true, sensible. The other is a pot-stirring, self-esteem destroying, alcoholic. During Eras, the huge Swift (monster on a hill) screams and stomps around in the background while the real, true Swift smiles and dances in a sparkle dress onstage. The fandom seems to be referring to these two Swifts as Taylor Swift and TAYLOR SWIFT (TM). Folks have theorized Post-Malone in the Fortnight music video is not necessarily a lover, but a twin, or double, of Swift. This theory is enhances by the Eras visuals during that song, specifically two dancers walking away to the back of the stage, but then becoming one.
More Coyne: “Plath, quoting Dostoyevsky in her thesis, noted that Ivan’s double, Smerdyakov, is “wrinkled” and “yellow.” The distinct differences in appearance between originator and double, she continued, are meant to reflect the protagonist’s mental state and cultural status.”
First of all, yellow. In the Gaylor community, folks have often theorized yellow symbolizes being closeted—a reading based on the symbolic coloring in the 1999 film …But I’m a Cheerleader. However, one need not be a Gaylor to consider the importance of yellow to Swift’s storytelling. Most recently, Swift performed “my tears ricochet” at Eras in a bright yellow dress, as her dancers were dressed for a funeral. Following Coyne’s analysis of Plath's analysis of Dostoyevsky, one could guess Swift is teasing a death of some version of herself.
Coyne discusses how Plath clearly used a “double” of herself to write The Bell Jar. Plath herself spent a summer in New York interning for Mademoiselle. The protagonist in TBJ, Esther, spends a summer in New York interning at a magazine too. To go even further down the rabbit hole, Esther also doubles herself, frequently expressing normalcy on the outside and despair on the inside. On the book's first page, Esther tells her audience, “I was supposed to be having the time of my life.” (Again, I cannot help but hear a Swift echo of, “I can read your mind / she’s having the time of her life” from “I Can Do It With a Broken Heart” about smiling through her depression.) Coyne makes many more references to mirrors and concealing in The Bell Jar, Ether’s split (and sadness) gets worse and worse the more she hides who she is from others. Notably, at a low point, Esther hides under her mother’s bed. (And Swift sings of a post-heartbreak depression, “Afterwards she only ate kids' cereal / And couldn't sleep unless it was in her mother's bed.”)
Coyne writes about the “imprisoned” aspect of doubles: “The wound from which Esther tries, and fails, to hide chimes with the inescapable, colonizing double, and Plath’s language again illustrates its penal nature: it is inside Esther, but it traps her like a jail cell.” (Again, I cannot help but see references to “Fresh Out the Slammer”, “The Smaller Man Who Ever Lived,” and the TTPD Eras visuals of cages and cell lighting.)
Coyne, on Plath’s doubles’ names, something Swift has not ever used (or so we think): “From her conception of The Bell Jar all the way to its final revisions, Plath suffered an exhausting amount of anxiety over its heroine’s name.” Plath wrote to a friend, “‘I’ll have to publish it under a pseudonym, if I ever get it accepted, because it’s so chock full of real people I’d be sued to death’...Indeed, this wasn’t mere paranoia; she did have to change her protagonist’s name at the instruction of her editor for legal reasons.”
Coyne continues, “Most novelists likely have concerns about being associated with the characters to whom they give life, especially the ugly ones, and especially when the character resembles its author. Yet what is unique about Plath’s case is her knowledge of the theoretical underpinnings and implications of her choice to push Esther away, and the hold this knowledge assumed on Plath’s work and life. Another look at The Bell Jar with a consideration of Esther as Plath’s double tangles the issue even further, and Plath drops clues for this kind of reading throughout the novel. Esther, for example, sits down to write her own novel and recounts, “My heroine would be myself, only in disguise. She would be called Elaine. Elaine. I counted the letters on my fingers. There were six letters in Esther, too. It seemed a lucky thing.” Not coincidentally, Plath’s first name has six letters as well.” Again, Plath was in a bizarre double infinity loop (like the loop on the Eras stage in “Down Bad”?). Plath was concealing her double, the protagonist in her novel, who was concealing her double, the protagonist in her novel.
Coyne wraps up her findings: “In her thesis, written nearly a decade earlier, as she turned 22 — the year after her first documented suicide attempt — Plath claimed, quoting Otto Rank:
In such situations, where the Double symbolizes the evil or repressed elements in man’s nature, the apparition of the Double “becomes a persecution by it, the repressed material returns in the form of that which represses.” Man’s instinct to avoid or ignore the unpleasant aspects of his character turns into an active terror when he is faced by his Double, which resurrects those very parts of his personality which he sought to escape. The confrontation of the Double in these instances usually results in a duel which ends in insanity or death for the original hero.”
Coyne seems to argue Plath believed an artist's double has the power to become bigger than the artist herself, ultimately killing her. Is TTPD Swift's predetermination of, hopefully, her her double's death instead of her own?
In Conclusion: Plath to her Mentor, Dessner on Swift
Who knows what TTPD is really truly about, and who knows if we ever will.
The biggest Easter egg, hiding in plain sight, is that the album is titled THE TORTURED POETS DEPARTMENT. There’s no apostrophe after “poet.” Nor is there an apostrophe after the “s” in “poets.” The department does not belong to a poet or to a collection of poets. It is a department OF tortured poets, perhaps two, to be exact. …or perhaps the album indicates the departure of the tortured poet...and her double.
I’ll sign off with two final quotes from my research:
According to Coyne, three months before Plath died by suicide, she had written a mentor about her second (obviously unfinished) book. Plath wrote, “It is to be called “Doubletake”, meaning that the second look you take at something reveals a deeper, double meaning […] it is semi-autobiographical about a wife whose husband turns out to be a deserter and philanderer although she had thought he was wonderful & perfect.”
According to Aaron Dessner’s TTPD release Instagram post: ”Keep searching and you'll find some new detail, layer or sliver of meaning with each listen.”
SUBREDDIT PS! Shout out to Expensive_Succotash5 for noting the TTPD intro poem's reference to being out of the oven, could be an allusion to Plath's death. Also shout-out to Good-Amphibian-7993 for this connection to a photo of Plath with a rose, not unlike Swift's album rose art.

Cigarettes and rebellion have always gone hand-in-hand, and in an age of cigarette packet-sized health warnings, now more than ever, smoking a fag says: 'I do not give a fuck.' But if Brandon Flowers is hoping to strike a seditious pose by sparking up at the start of the interview, it's not going according to plan. The Killers' frontman is on all fours rooting through the junk that carpets the anteroom at the band's rehearsal space. "Has anyone seen my lighter?" he asks, rocking back on his heels. The question hangs in the air while Brandon cocks his head, waiting for an answer like a meerkat listening for a predator. Twenty-five years old and with a delicate bone structure, there's something almost dainty about him. Receiving no response, he returns to his search. "Oh, Jeez," he sighs. "I had it just a minute ago."
It's a scene that emphatically does not suggest a rebel without a cause. The mess isn't helping. The Killers' HQ - an industrial unit sandwiched between a construction supplier and the offices of a housing development just off Dean Martin Drive in West Las Vegas - is ankle-deep in designer clothing. A Dior Homme suit lies crumpled by the door; there's a pile of shoes topped like a sundae by a pair of Marc Jacobs trainers; and anyone wishing to enter the shoebox room the band use as an office must negotiate a mountain of discarded jeans. Many items are identifiable as coming from the wardrobe of Hot Fuss, The Killers' hugely successful 2004 debut album - triple platinum in the UK with two weeks at Number One and five million sold worldwide. Look! There are the shirts, ties and suit jackets they wore when they thrilled Glastonbury 2005 with indie rock anthems Mr Brightside and Somebody Told Me. That was the crowning moment of a two-and-a-half year tour that finally concluded in October of last year. It seems that after playing that final date in Miami, they returned to Vegas and shrugged off their image onto the floor of this bland white box.
Now a fine layer of dust covers the dead clothes. The Killers have no further use for white tuxedos on their second album, Sam's Town. Today, Brandon wears a black polo shirt, black pin-stripe waistcoat, black jeans and black boots. Where there used to be a layer of foundation, there is now a beard - an untrimmed beard at that. Dave Keuning (30, guitar), Mark Stoermer (29, bass) and Ronnie Vannucci (29, drums) all echo Brandon's black ensemble. Ronnie has added Aviator shades and a handlebar moustache for a dash of motorcycle cop, Dave's frizzy bubble of hair gives him a Marc Bolan-ish air, and there's something very teenage about Mark's scuffed Vans.
Short of walking around wearing sandwich boards saying, "Our new record is a bit heavier than the last one," The Killers couldn't hope to communicate that message more effectively. And they have gained some musical girth on Sam's Town. The pop hooks that made Hot Fuss so irresistible survive intact - see the ringing guitar riffs on first single When You Were Young - but there's a newfound punchiness, coupled with an epic sweep. The minor-to-major uplifts on Bones are fabulously dramatic, the coda to Why Do I Keep Counting? thrillingly intense. Comparisons to Bruce Springsteen have been made. If they overstate the case a little, they are at leaset qualitatively accurate. The Killers are back and this time it's serious - they've got the bootlace ties to prove it.
"Hey, it says here that Springsteen's headlining Glastonbury next year," shouts Ronnie, who's flicking through the NME. He nods sagely at the page without looking up.
"Really?" asks Dave, nicknamed Crazy Dave on account of his alledgedly volatile nature.
"The Boss is headlining one night, we're playing second on the bill the next night and Kylie's headlining the Sunday," says Brandon, charging like a bull through Michael Eavis' as-yet-unannounced line-up with what subsequently proves to be a characteristic gaucheness.
But that lighter is proving elusive. This being America, none of the people hurrying to-and-fro prepping the world for the release of Sam's Town smokes. Manager Robert Reynolds - Bobby Rey to the band - barks into his mobile, booking his band onto eye-wateringly demanding tours. "We're going to make a lot of money," he cackles to himself before switching calls to make a series of stern pronouncements on legal matters. Dave, Mark and Ronnie disappear for a jam session. Artwork is approved, B-sides are decided on and schedules are hammered out.
"I can't find it," Brandon says, finally. But he's not going to be denied the opportunity to underline The Killers reinvention with a puff of smoke. "Let's go to the gas station. I'll have to buy one. It's too busy to talk here anyway."
+
Brandon's black (of course) Volkswagen Touraeg four-wheel drive is barrelling down West Flamingo Road into town. "I was a bell boy there," he says, pointing out of the driver's window at the stucco facade of the Gold Coast casino. "I was working there when we were signed."
Coming from Las Vegas, it is perhaps inevitable that casinos play a big part in The Killers' story; not only is Sam's Town named after one, it was recorded in one, too.
The band began writing songs while on the road with Hot Fuss, turning up early for soundchecks to run through new ideas. On a trip home to Vegas, George Maloof, a hotelier known for cultivating famous friends, invited them to record the album in the new studio he'd built at The Palms, his flagship hotel-cum-gambling den. When the tour finished in October 2005, they returned to Vegas and spent five month finessing the songs they'd sketched out on the road. Then, in February, they decampled to the third floor studio at The Palms and recorded Sam's Town over 11 weeks.
Producer Flood (U2, Depeche Mode) encouraged them to experiment. They overdubbed, fiddled with synthesizers and played with new equipment. It took them five weeks to get the backing vocals right. The band sang the harmonies, then double-tracked them four times. The end result recalls Queen wondering, "Is this is the real life? Is this just fantasy?" When Ronnie, a trained classical percussionist, brought some kettledrums down, eyebrows were raised; but the fabulously bombastic coda on Why Do I Keep Counting? vindicates his indulgence.
"That's kind of the Ben Hur of the album," he says. He's not wrong. Sam's Town is a record on an epic scale. "Yeah, it has drama," he continues. "But, at the same time, I think it's a little more exposed than Hot Fuss. It's a little more naked. Last time it was about a lot of fictional things." By "fictional", Ronnie means that Hot Fuss wore its predominantly British influences for all to see. Brandon's taste in music is rabidly Anglophile - he constantly references The Smiths, The Cure and Joy Division - and it showed. By contrast, Sam's Town is an unequivocally American record. The lyrical imagery is pure American dream - cars, girls, wide-open spaces and escaping to a better life. "We're burning down the highway skyline/On the back of a hurricane that started turning/When you were young," sings Brandon on When You Were Young. That's the basis of the Springsteen comparisons then, though the lack of pathos more closely recalls another blue-collar rocker from New Jersey - Jon Bon Jovi.
The phrase "this town" recurs throughout the album, and it's always receding into the distance as The Killers escape to a new life. "This town was made for passing through/I never did get along with everybody else," sings Brandon on This River Is Wild. On Read My Mind he "never really gave up on breaking out of this two-star town", while on the title track he offers something of an explanation: "Nobody ever had a dream round here."
"With the first record, there was this feeling that there was this world out there that we didn't know," says Mark later in the day. Before The Killers, he studied philosophy: now he's their quiet one. "We wanted to get out and away from this and be somewhere else. We hadn't had a lot of experience - hadn't travelled much - then we were gone for three years. We didn't sit down and say that we wanted to make a record about how we're glad to be home, but that's what happened naturally."
It's not an angsty record. The Killers have already escaped with Hot Fuss, and, having done so, they view the experience fondly now they're back. There's a mistiness to Brandon's eyes as he explains how the album got it's name.
"Sam's Town is a casino on the edge of Vegas," he says. "I grew up in Henderson, which is out on the way to the Hoover Dam. My mom and dad lived in a trailer park, and my dad used to hitchhike up and down Boulder Highway, which is the only way you could get to Vegas. Sam's Town was the first thing you saw on your way in to town. So, when you're driving down Boulder Highway from Henderson, I always thought you finally knew you were getting somewhere when you saw Sam's Town. It was kind of like a beacon."
"It's not a completely American album," contines Brandon. "We still have our English influence, but we're also from the Wild West. Somehow we've managed to unify all that on this album. it's just such a perfect resemblence of what we are."
At the petrol station, Brandon rummages through the glove box looking for change to buy a lighter. "This is a great album," he says, pointing at Highway Companion, the latest from iconic American rocker Tom Petty. "I've always been a big fan of his. He's such a great American artist."
Yes, Brandon: we get the point.
+
When Brandon finally lights his cigarette, he smokes it awkwardly, like a child mimicking something he's seen the grown-ups doing. However, when he cheerfully admits that, "I feel the same mentally as I did when I was 12," it's not a knowing nod to the fact that he sometimes behaves like a loveably precocious child, but a reference to an unusually comprehensive grounding in pop music at an early age.
When Brandon sings about "this town", he doesn't mean Las Vegas. He means Nephi, Utah or Henderson, Nevada, where he spent his childhood. His parents are Mormon and he is the youngest of six children. "I was a surprise," he says. "I've got a 42-year-old sister." If he was issues about his "surprise" status, he chooses to gloss over them. "It turned out perfect because my brother was a teenager when I was a kid," he says. "He would bring home things like Rattle And Hum by U2 and I would watch it. I remember he bought Live In Dallas by Morrissey. It was always him watching these things, or his door was shut and you'd hear The Head On The Door by The Cure blasting through the house and rattling the walls."
The Killers were formed when Brandon answered an advert Dave had placed in a local paper in late 2002. Dave cited Oasis as a big influence; Brandon had seen them play recently and responded; and, as Dave has said in previous interviews: "He was the only person to reply to my ad who wasn't a complete freak." However, the band was born in Brandon's brothers bedroom.
"His room was like a shrine," enthuses Brandon. "It was a holy place. I wish I could show you a picture of it. It was covered in posters. There'd be a big picture of Elvis wearing a bow tie that just said 'The Smiths' [the artwork for The Smiths 1987 single Shoplifters Of The World Unite]. You had The Cure wearing face paint [the artwork to The Cure's 1985 single In Between Days] - all that kind of stuff. I remember Morrissey being on the cover of the NME, with the halo [from 1985] - stuff like that. You just wanted to know about these people 'cause they were so cool. My brother seemed like such a cool person. But he was a teenager, so he wasn't going to be that nice to me, a kid."
Brandon was fascinated by his brother's collection of music, magazines and posters, but he was denied access to them - officially, at least. "I would sneak in," he says. "I knew he'd be angry if he found out, but I would go in as soon as he left the house." For a long time Brandon was too scared to actually play anything. "That didn't come 'til later. I just used to go in there because I liked it. Then I got to the point where I'd actually take a tape out and put it in. It took more guts to do that."
It was a life-changing moment. "I was ten and the first song I played was Sing Your Life by Morrissey. I remember dancing about to it."
The lyrics to Sing Your Life include the lines, "Sing your life/Just walk right up to the microphone/And name all the things that you love/All the things that you loathe." It's intriguing to wonder what Morrissey makes of the neophyte he inspired with these lines.
Eventually, Brandon inherited his brother's tape collection. "It was around the same time CDs started coming out in a big way. He started buying CDs and gave me his tapes. And that was it: it took off from there. I got a hundred of the best albums - all the New Order, all the Morrissey, all The Smiths, The Beatles. I started buying posters. I went to see The Cure in concert. It was just kind of a continuation of my brother. And it was nice because, though my parents were strict, they were already used to it from him. There was no, 'My dad doesn't understand me,' or any of that kind of stuff. My mum likes The Smiths."
Brandon was 13 and his favourite band was late-'70s/early-'80s American new wavers The Cars, and particularly their jaw-droppingly catchy 1979 single Just What I Needed.
"I wouldn't exist without that song," he says. "That was the one. I remember driving around with my mum when I was 13, and we're living in Nephi - a really small town - and I felt so cool when I put that song on. Like: 'I have something that none of these kids I'm going to middle school with tomorrow have.' That excitement is what music's about, isn't it? That's why I understand the mentality of people that don't like us because we've sold so many records. I used to like it when no one else knew about a band. So I get that - I do."
+
Brandon's first band was called Blush Response. It was never going to work out. Not because he refused to move to Los Angeles with them, but because he is utterly - comically - shameless. He's given to making outrageously boastful statements like: "It's not like the '60s, '70s and '80s now. There are only a few bands around that are really good, that just do it. I mean, there's what, five or six of us?"
For the record, in Brandon's estimation, those bands are Franz Ferdinand, Razorlight, The Strokes, The White Stripes, Yeah Yeah Yeahs and, of course, The Killers.
"I don't want people to think I'm lumping myself with other people just to make us sound cool," he says. Really? It sort of sounds like you are. But he just steamrolls through it. "Yeah, but you know what I mean," he says, grinning at his own cheekiness. He's so disgracefully forward you can't help but laugh along with him - Oh you are awful, Brandon! But joking aside, The Killers are the most commercially successful of all the bands he mentions.
Later, back at the rehearsal space, the band run through Sam's Town at deafening volume in preparation for the forthcoming tour - first the US, then the world. The infectious, almost contagious, chorus of When You Were Young sounds fabulous, as do the U2-like guitars and Twin Peaks synths of Read My Mind. Meanwhile, Smile Like You Mean It and Somebody Told Me benefit from the newfound harder edge.
They somewhat heavy-handedly underline the new direction by playing Paranoid by Black Sabbath and Get It On by T Rex. That's the thing: The Killers are not a subtle band. Their songs are like a wet kiss from a girl who's a bit too drunk. They are big and brash, and not everyone loves them for it. Mr Brightside and Somebody Told Me might go down as well at hip nightclubs as they do on the festival circuit, but the DJs play them with the same guilty look they wear when playing a pop record.
"I hate that," says Brandon. "Like writing a song you can hum somehow cheapens it? It makes me think of this quote by Morrissey. Everybody knows how he read Oscar Wilde, Keats and Yates when he was growing up and that he wanted to be a writer. He was talking to this journalist who asked why he hadn't become a writer, and Morrissey said: 'What I do is more powerful than what you do because I can write down these words and you get it to a melody. How can you beat that?' I'm of the same opinion. I don't understand why a good melody that's memorable is a bad thing."
Being dismissed as pop particular aggrieves Ronnie. "When we first came out we got compared to Duran Duran all the time. Jesus Christ! We got a keyboard player now all of a sudden he's Nick Rhodes! Come on!"
"The people who criticise us for being too poppy don't get it," agrees Mark. "I think that's the problem with a lot of rock music. People are afraid to write a song any more. Either that or they can't. And that attitude hurts music in general. The best bands ever have all written great songs. You can still do it and do it intelligently and it can be original. This isn't a studio creation with a producer writing these songs for us. We're not Avril Lavigne, or something like that. We're a real band writing real songs, just like a punk band would do, except that we write pop songs."
You get the impression that The Killers knack for showboating pop hooks that border on vulgar is inextricably tied up with the brazen side of Brandon's personality. But while his ebullient charisma, not to mention the songs themselves, mitigates his outrageousness, there is a less attractive side to his ego. He has a combative streak. He can't resist taking pot shots at emo bands, notably Fall Out Boy, whith whom The Killers share an A&R man.
Has he heard how many emo kids it takes to change a light bulb? "No." None. They just sit in the dark and cry. It's a full 30 seconds before he stops laughing. When he does he admits: "Yeah, we've had problems with other bands. You know, when you walk in the room it's like..." He whistles the theme to The Good, The Bad And The Ugly. "We're like gangs."
And while the other members of the band are diplomatic on the subject of Brandon, you don't have to read too deeply between the lines to conclude that there have been internal issues, too.
"Some people will think Brandon's the big genius," says Dave, visibly bridling. "There are songs, such as Why Do I Keep Counting?, where he's written every note. But there are others, like When You Were Young, that were more of a collaboration - like Mr Brightside, where I had some of the music and Brandon came up with the lyrics. We always have arguments about who wrote what. The truth is that we all help in that process."
When asked how success affected them, Ronnie says: "There were certain things that needed adjusting. When you're on tour for two years, people can get a little needy. It doesn't help that you're surrounded by yes men and everybody's working for you. At times we've had to say, 'Who do you think you are?' to people. No one wears the trousers, but some people would like to. I think if it wasn't for the people in the band kicking each other in the ass... Let's just say there was some ass-kickin'."
It doesn't take a genius to work out whose ass needed kicking most often.
+
It's the following day and The Killers are back at their rehearsal space. The topic of discussion is what to wear in the video for Bones, the second single. It's a big deal: the director is Tim Burton. "I feel like Frank Sinatra when I sing it," announces Brandon. "With maybe a little bit of Morrissey and a little bit of Elvis, too."
Of course he does. But if securing the services of Tim Burton tells you one thing, it's that The Killers are about to get even bigger, perhaps even make the leap to the same level as Coldplay et al. Already stars, they are about to become superstars. Brandon can hardly wait.
"Do you know that Rolling Stone didn't want to put us on the cover last time," he says indignantly. "They didn't think we were stars. We sold five million albums! What more do they want from a band?"
Whatever was required, Brandon would be happy to do most things. "I'll do stuff that some people don't want to do, 'cause I want people to hear the music," he says. However, even he has limits. "The Rolling Stone thing made the record label think: 'What can we do to make them stars?' If I go on vacation with my wife, do they have to send somebody to be there to take pictures of me? Is that how you become a star? I don't want that. I walked down the red carpet one time and I realised I don't like it. But you don't have to walk down the red carpet for people to hear your music. We do still have some of that indie blood running through our veins."
He heads off at a tangent: "When you walk around Liverpool, you think of The Beatles, or you go to Manchester and you think of The Smiths or Oasis. I want you to come to Las Vegas and think of Sam's Town. And I think we've started to capture that, which is a truer version of The Killers, 'cause that's where we're from."
He pauses.
"I used to live across the street from Sam's Town. Maybe it'll be like our Abbey Road where people go to take pictures."
Is that what he'd like?
"I wouldn't mind it," he says, desperately hoping it will come true.
He puts a cigarette between his lips, looks down at his trouser pockets and pats them in search of the lighter he bought yesterday.
"Hey, I don't suppose you've got one?"

I got a couple of quotes nearby in Northern Virginia - HCOL area. One wanted $1,000 for non-binding advice that I would have to run by a lawyer. Another wanted $2,500 for tax advice and preparing my return. Paying these rates will negate any tax advantage I may gain - I would be better off unoptimized.
I just need advice to get me on the right track - do it right, stay out of trouble, not leave anything big on the table. I can't learn this the hard way because there likely won't be a next time.
The lone property:
I paid cash for a 3BR condo in a college town to provide my son with a stable place to live for a few years. I'm renting out the other two bedrooms. His younger brother may move there in a couple of years if he goes to the same school.
General advice would be appreciated. The more I search the internet the more questions I have.
I have a few things I am considering. I don't know if they are possible, viable, or worth it.

• Property will be owned by my LLC. It will have passive rental income and, separately, it has earned income from a small manufacturing side business.
• Can I deduct 100% of the expenses and depreciation if my son is living there, or can I only deduct the rented-out bedrooms by square footage or room count?
• Does this get any better if I employ my son in the manufacturing side of my LLC?
  • I can legitimately W2 employ him and formally charge him rent.
  • I'm not claiming my son as a dependent in 2024. This qualifies him for a specific scholarship in 2025 that only cares about whether he is claimed as a dependent - they don't care whether he could be claimed.
  • I'd like to disqualify my son as a dependent because that makes him eligible for federal education grants/credits. With the right planning I may make this happen in the 2025 tax year.

We also wanted to make a couple announcements.

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Thank you for your understanding!
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IMPORTANT LINKS:
Episode Link Podcast Wiki Dr Cat Jarman Charles Spencer Richard Coles
​
TOPIC:

• Dr Cat Jarman - Roanoke Colony
• Charles Spencer - Pyramids Schemes
• Richard Coles - The Exploding Whale of Oregon

​
FAVOURITE FACT:

• Cat - Granddaughter of John White, Virginia Dare was the first English child born in an American English colony. Virginia Dare was the main character in Sallie Southall Cotten's 1901 book The White Doe: The Fate of Virginia Dare. In the book, she is turned into a white doe by an Indian witch doctor after she rejects his advances.
• Charles - N/A
• Richard - 7 years after the exploding whale incident, Florence (Oregan) wanted to prevent people from having sexual intercourse in view of bystanders on their famous dunes. The council approved a measure that made it illegal to have sex "while in or in view of a public or private place." Days later, a re-reading of the ordinance showed that it applied to sex in private. According to the United Press International report that followed days later, "City officials said they would not enforce the new ordinance until it could be amended.

​
WINNER: Richard (6th win this series, 23rd win overall)
​
Cat's concluding quote for the episode from Richard Adams' Watership Down

There is nothing that cuts you down to size like coming to some strange and marvelous place where no one even stops to notice you.

​
NEXT EPISODE'S TOPICS:

• Cat - Hatshepsut
• Charles - Bonnie Prince Charlie
• Richard - Clyde steamer

So I'm going to be visiting the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia later this year and the hiking area around it (and the other telescopes on the grounds) do not allow any digital cameras or phones since it interferes with the telescope's readings. Only analog cameras are allowed.
I had gone last year without a camera and really regretted it because there is so much cool stuff in the area I would have loved to try taking photos off. I'm not a photographer in the slightest, but had always liked the idea of giving it a try and thought this might be a decent excuse to buy a camera.
I decided to get a used Nikon N60 + Nikkor 28-80mm f/3.3-5.6G lens together off Facebook Marketplace for $35. I know it's a pretty obsolete camera, but I'm a graduate student on a pretty tight budget. When I was looking through the viewfinder I noticed some dust spots and found out that it was on the camera's sensor. It looked like the repair place closest to me charged $50 for sensor cleanings and I really can't afford that, so I decided to try cleaning the sensor myself. I'm sure you see where this is going.
I bought a little $10 kit online with a little air blower and some dry swabs. And, somehow, the sensor wound up even worse than before. I also think I broke something in the lens connector when taking the lens off because now I'm getting a FEE error as well. (I've tried all the error fixes I can find online - set the aperture to F22, locked the aperture, shifted the aperture around a whole bunch, etc. - but nothing has worked.) And I definitely can't afford however much that fix would cost.
So, at this point, I'm kinda stuck. I honestly don't want to resell the camera - the nearest used camera shop is 40+ mins away and I their online quote thing says they're not buying either the body or the lens right now. And I feel slimy buying something used, breaking it, and then just turning around and selling it to someone else. I also do not have time to deal with trying to ship it anywhere or sell it online since I will be traveling a lot very soon. And, while the lens is fine, I can't afford to buy a new body to go with it.
I'm thinking of donating the camera and lens together to a local charity shop, but I'm worried a broken, obsolete camera wouldn't sell and it would be more trouble for them than it's worth. It also doesn't have a case so I'm worried it would get more broken in the process. Does anyone have any ideas of where a broken camera could do the most good at this point? I at least want something somewhat positive to come out of this absolute disaster I managed to make for myself. (And I'm not interested in selling/trading it with anyone on here, sorry - just looking for donation ideas.)
TL;DR: I have a used Nikon N60 that a managed to totally screw up (botched sensor cleaning + probably broken lens connector) and a Nikkor 28-80mm f/3.3-5.6G lens that I'm thinking about donating to a charity shop. Would that be more trouble for the charity shop than it's worth? Is there somewhere else I could donate the camera where it would do the most good?

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I know this has been restated a million times here, but I will be discussing slavery and how one cannot look at the Bible and say that it is a perfect judge for morality.
Roman slaves were chattel slaves
I've seen a common defense from apologists being something along the lines of, "But the slaves in the Bible were all indentured..."
This is a flat out lie.
In Paul's letters to Ephesians, he states, in Ephesians 6:5-9: ^{5 "}Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. ⁶ Obey them not only to win their favor when their eye is on you, but as slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. ⁷ Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not people, ⁸ because you know that the Lord will reward each one for whatever good they do, whether they are slave or free.
⁹ And masters, treat your slaves in the same way. Do not threaten them, since you know that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven, and there is no favoritism with him."
This is in reference to Roman slaves, which were chattel slaves.
The causes of slavery consisted of taking prisoners of war, birth into slavery (two biggest causes), debt (for non-citizens), punishment for crime, enslavers finding children abandoned by their parent, etc.
Below, you will see how Roman slaves were treated.
'Above all, however, slave bodies were tortured and physically abused, even unto death, with no consequences for masters. Plautus’ second century BCE plays regularly feature slaves terrified over an impending whipping, a trope that was meant to elicit laughs from the audience. Similarly disturbing insouciance about physical abuse is found in the epigrams of the first century CE poet Martial: “You think me cruel and too fond of my stomach, Rusticus, because I beat my [enslaved] cook on account of a dinner. If that seems to you a trivial reason for lashes, for what reason then do you want a cook to be flogged?”³⁸ And assaults were often much worse than a beating. The physician Galen speaks of his experience of masters, including his own mother, biting their slaves or gouging out their eye with a writing stylus.³⁹ Ultimately, the master could even kill his slaves with impunity. This he sometimes did by contract, especially through the brutal punishment of crucifixion. An inscription of Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli) lays out prices set by a company that specialized in torturing and crucifying slaves on contract, allowing the master to hire out this messy and physically demanding affair to specialized professionals.⁴⁰ Here again Constantine became uneasy with this level of violence and issued a law forbidding the deliberate killing of slaves in 319 CE, but in a subsequent law he granted tremendous leeway for masters who happened to kill a slave in the course of “corrective punishment.”'
'Even when slaves were not openly abused, they lived in constant fear of violence. They also lived in a world of “natal alienation,” which meant that they were permanent outsiders, excluded from civic or political rights and privileges, excluded from control over their own birth families and offspring, and excluded from final control over their very bodies and personhood. Their names could be assigned to them by a master and could be changed at any time, particularly when they were sold to a new master. Their children could be exposed or sold by their master at will. And they themselves could be liquidated for their cash value at any moment. We have evidence of this process from multiple sources which reveal enslaved persons intended for sale were usually stripped down to a loincloth, displayed on a raised platform (catasta), made to wear a garland if they were war captives and/or marked with chalk on their feet if they were imported from overseas, their “defects” (disabilities, diseases, habits) were publicly proclaimed on placards hung round their necks, and they were subject to humiliating physical inspections by potential buyers (Fig. 5.3).⁴² They were, in other words, treated in the manner of livestock at market, with all of the attendant dehumanization and degradation.'
https://link.springer.com/chapte10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_5
In Exodus, it gives rules for what you can and cannot do with your slaves.
Exodus 21:20-21: ²⁰ “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, ²¹ but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property."
This could be applied to the Gentile chattel slaves in Leviticus 25:44-46: ⁴⁴ “‘Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. ⁴⁵ You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. ⁴⁶ You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your fellow Israelites ruthlessly."
However, this essentially means that the only rule for the owning of slaves would be that you may not kill them (at least in Exodus -- other rules for slave owners are communicated later in the Bible).
The Bible condoning slavery
The Bible mentioning slavery without condemnation (when the culture widely accepts it) is absolutely evidence that it supports it. Especially given the Bible's own ethical stance about not rebuking your neighbor for their sins being hating them in your heart (Leviticus 19:17).
Further, the New Testament welcomed slaveholders into the church and told them how to carry out their acts of enslavement in a Christlike manner: Ephesians 6:5-9. Paul was extremely clear about allowing people who habitually sinned into the church-fornicators, drunkards, covetous people, etc. Christians weren't even supposed to eat with those people: 1 Corinthians 5:9-12. Imagine if Paul welcomed adulterers into the church, didn't condemn their behavior and told them how to carry out their acts of adultery in a Godly manner? Or if he told Mafia style extortionists how to carry out their acts of extortion in a kind and Christlike manner? No, Paul and the Bible in general do not see owning chattel slaves (which is what Roman slaves were) as wrong. They see treating them badly as wrong, but they do not see owning them as sinful.
Regarding comparisons to slavery in the south, the Bible does not teach equality of social status and OT slavery was somewhat of an improvement over ANE slavery, but that doesn't prove God opposes slavery. The south improved their regulations on mistreating slaves over time, and some states had "better" laws than others. That does not mean those legislatures were composed of abolitionists. It just means they thought there should be some regulations on how brutally you can punish the most defenseless members of society -- just like in Exodus 21:20-21 and Exodus 21:26-27.
However, some will argue on the basis of the Torah. Mosaic law is considered a reliable guide to righteous conduct (Psalm 19:7-11, 2 Timothy 3:16). You can think that this is righteous conduct for the time -- but if chattel slavery was righteous conduct for the time, it cannot be inherently wrong. And the burden would be on you to explain to a southerner why whatever rationale you give for why chattel slavery was ok in the OT (and not to mention Roman chattel slavery in the NT) would not apply to southern slavery.
Also, again, the Bible goes out of its way to encourage masters to physically discipline their slaves in Proverbs 29:19. We know this is encouraging beating, because it denies that slaves can be disciplined by words, and we know from Exodus that beating is how slaves were disciplined. We also know that the Bible thinks that slaves tended to be considered to often be fools (Proverbs 11:29) and that beating is recommended as a way of dealing with fools (Proverbs 26:3, Proverbs 10:13, Proverbs 19:29). There is very little doubt that this is what the Bible is encouraging. We can compare this to the Roman Stoic philosopher Seneca who argued that masters should only discipline their slaves by lashing them with the tongue (Moral Letters to Lucilius 47:19). Proverbs 29:19 could have been written as a rebuke of what Seneca said. If God was just accommodating hardened hearts, why would he go out of his way to encourage this, when even a Roman philosopher thought slaves should not be treated the way the Bible advocates?
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Moral_letters_to_Lucilius/Letter_47
Women being seen as similar to slaves
"Wives and apprentices are slaves; not in theory only, but often in fact."
-George Fitzhugh, Sociology for the South (1854), Pg. 86.
"The husband has a legally recognized property in his wife's service, and may legally control, in some measure, her personal liberty. She is his property and his slave.
The wife also has a legally recognized property in the husband's services. He is her property, but not her slave."
-George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All!: Or Slaves Without Masters (1857), Page 341.
"But other consequences follow from the abolitionist dogmas. 'All involuntary restraint is a sin against natural rights,' therefore laws which give to husbands more power over the persons and property of wives, than to wives over husbands, are iniquitous, and should be abolished. The same decision must be made upon the exclusion of women, whether married or single, from suffrage, office, and the full franchises of men. There must be an end of the wife's obedience to her husband. Is it said that these subordinations are consistent, because women assent to them voluntarily, in consenting to become wives ? This plea is insufficient, because the female sex is impelled to marriage by irresistible laws of their nature and condition."
-Robert Dabney, A Defense of Virginia (1867), Pg. 265.
“The parent has the right to the service of his child; he has a property in the service of that child. A husband has a right of property in the service of his wife; he has the right to the management of his household affairs. The master has a right of property in the service of his apprentice. All these rights rest upon the same basis as a man's right of property in the service of slaves.”
-Rep. Chilton A. White, The Congressional Globe (1865), Part 1, Pg. 215.
https://books.google.com/books?id=Xrs-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Google Books
The Congressional Globe
Just as slaves were in some respects considered both property and people, the same is true of women -- in both the 1800's and in the Bible. Exodus 20:17 prohibits coveting your neighbors wife, but not your neighbor's husband for a reason. Because on some level, women were seen as property, even if they have some rights and weren't viewed as being in a completely shameful role.
Kidnapping
Kidnapping is going to be a key term. If you consider one nation/tribe going to war with another nation/tribe and taking men, women and children as slaves to be kidnapping, then Roman slavery was heavily based on kidnapping. If you don't, then a lot of the trans Atlantic Slave Trade victims wouldn't be kidnapped either, since that's how many of them were acquired.
"As a concomitant of the rise and fall of various African rulers and ruling parties, their political opponents, people of high social status, and their families were sold to promote internal political stability. Poor people were sold to reconcile debts owed by themselves or their families. Chiefs sold people as punishment for crimes. Gangs of Africans and a few marauding Europeans captured free Africans who were also sold into slavery. Domestic slaves were resold and prisoners of war were sold. However, Boahen, an African scholar, asserts, 'The greatest sources to supply slaves were raids conducted for the sole purpose of catching men for sale and above all, inter-tribal and inter-state wars which produced thousands of war captives, most of whom found their way to the New World (Boahen 1966:110).'" (See the section: "Who was enslaved and Why").
https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histcontextsc.htm
The article discussed the widespread societal harm to African societies. I do want to make that clear, it did not promote internal stability. I quoted that part solely for the sake of making the point about war. I see this as kidnapping.
Some other things:
Just in case you appeal to 1 Timothy 1:10 as a prohibition of slavery:
https://youtu.be/N7A-VSIt1jg?si=YUYuBEd6buta56Cn
And just in case you want to appeal to Deuteronomy 23:15-16 as a requirement to not return escaped slaves (TLDR: it only applies to foreign owned slaves who escaped to Israel -- according to most Christian commentators):
https://biblehub.com/commentaries/deuteronomy/23-15.htm

MASSACHUSETTS NUMEROLOGY DECODE

Interestingly enough, we don't hear much about this state. It's almost easy to overlook or straight up forget unless you are looking at a map. We are going to decode this state using Numerology and point out the reasons/indications that point towards it being such a silent city or at least not popular and frequented like other places. This will get very informative so enjoy the read.
We will now begin decoding each letter in detail.
M - This is The 13th letter of the alphabet Making this letter vibrate at the energy of 4. The energy of four represents privacy and caution. When it comes to 13 and the energy of 4, you have a person or an energy where it's more focused on self rather than connecting with others. So, like I mentioned, 4 is about privacy, caution, and withholding. 4 is pretty restrictive so when a person or place has this name, that you know these are very cautious people or you know that these are not people that take action without thinking. 4 is a very organized type of energy. As a state, this can translate to being a very restrictive state or a state that has particular rules in place. People who live in this state can even have some of these traits. This isn't the type of place to move to unless you want some type of restriction or a relaxed type of energy in your life. M is the strongest energy of this state since it is the first letter of the state's name. So, that alone can start speaking to why this isn't a state that is talked about as much as, let's say, New York or Florida.
A - This is the letter that represents number one as it is the first letter of the alphabet which lets you know that this is about initiation or fresh starts. When it comes to people, this speaks to having that focus on self or being self-motivated.
S - As the 19th letter of the alphabet, this letter vibrates at the energy of one, but it is from a place of being in power or being extremely independent. As a state, that's why the state can seem alone or like a stand alone and not really talked about because we already have a lot of indications that talk about being too self absorbed or too withheld.
S - As the 19th letter of the alphabet, this letter vibrates at the energy of one, but it is from a place of being in power or being extremely independent. As a state, that's why the state can seem alone or like a stand alone and not really talked about because we already have a lot of indications that talk about being too self absorbed or too withheld.
A - This is the letter that represents number one as it is the first letter of the alphabet which lets you know that this is about initiation or fresh starts. When it comes to people, this speaks to having that focus on self or being self-motivated. This is the second time we got this letter and energy.
C - 3rd letter of the alphabet which can represent communication and creativity
H - 8th letter of the alphabet which talks about structure, pressure, seriousness, and mastery.
U - 21st letter of the alphabet which vibrates at the energy of 3. This shows compassion, especially when an individual has this in their name. This also can add more creative juices to a person or the state.
S - As mentioned above, this is the 19th letter of the alphabet and vibrates at the energy of 1.
E - 5th letter of the alphabet which points to combat, creativity, romance, joy, change, and events.
T - 20th letter of the alphabet which vibrates at the energy of 2 which can point to cooperation, stability, comfort, and proactivity. This is a money number just like the number 8, but 2 represents more frequency.
T - 20th letter of the alphabet which vibrates at the energy of 2 which can point to cooperation, stability, comfort, and proactivity. This is a money number just like the number 8, but 2 represents more frequency.
S - As mentioned above, this is the 19th letter of the alphabet and vibrates at the energy of 1.
As you can see, Massachusetts has 6 letters that vibrate at the energy of 1 which equals 6. 6 is about comfort, family, beauty, and discipline. We can see that this may be a state that values discipline which goes well with the fact that it starts with M which is similar to discipline because 4 energy is responsible and even family oriented. We can assume that this state operates from a place of balance and fairness. They may not tolerate what a lot of other states tolerate. Jobs could possibly be a little easier to get here just based on how a lot of the numeric values barely get to the number 9. 1 is the main number that stands out within this state which can point to them doing their own thing and not wanting to identify with how other states do things.
Very individualistic type of energy. People that live in this state could either be workaholics, dogmatic, serious, responsible, controlling, family oriented, shy, or even mean. Routine could be a big thing here. Some or a lot of the residents could even be big on being business owners. This could even be a state where couponing is or can be a big deal. This state may not have too many outside visitors like Florida or Nevada does and the residents could have been there for a long time.
This is a good place to live if you plan on settling down with your own family or partner, if you want a simple and quiet life, if it's just you and only you, if you want to downsize, etc. You get the point. The energy of Massachusetts is very much on the personal and private side.
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My car insurance policy ends in early June of next month. The 6 month premium is $1101 for full coverage on my 2024 Toyota Camry.
I looked at quotes from about 6 other insurance companies and they range from 1007-3247 for 6 months of coverage for the same coverage I have now.
I got a quote from Virginia Farm Bureau for $1532 FOR A FULL YEAR!!!!!!!!!!
Whats the catch? Why is it almost half the cost of the other insurance policies? Does anyone else use VAFB?

Metropolitan areas over 500,000 with the main reasons they aren't the safest place to live in the US
If all the ice melts on the earth it would raise the sea level about 230 feet. So any metropolitan areas below 250 feet in elevation aren't safe IMO.
Any city can flood but only cities that have a history of flooding or high risk of flooding are listed as unsafe.
Tornadoes can happen anywhere so places with the highest risk are listed as unsafe.
A high possibility of water shortages within the next 20 years can be a reason to be listed as unsafe in my list.
Any metropolitan areas with large tall dams that if broke would cause serious flooding can be a reason to be listed as unsafe
1 New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA MSA 19,768,458 20,140,470 −1.85% New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Low elevation Tsunami
2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA MSA 12,997,353 13,200,998 −1.54% Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA
Earthquake Low elevation Tsunami
3 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI MSA 9,509,934 9,618,502 −1.13% Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
River Flooding problem
4 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA 7,759,615 7,637,387 +1.60% Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA
Water shortages
5 Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX MSA 7,206,841 7,122,240 +1.19% Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA
Hurricanes Tsunami Low elevation Flooding
6 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA 6,356,434 6,385,162 −0.45% Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Other than crime rates it is a Safe metropolitan area
7 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA 6,228,601 6,245,051 −0.26% Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Low elevation
8 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA MSA 6,144,050 6,089,815 +0.89% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Large Tall Dam Water shortages
9 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA 6,091,747 6,138,333 −0.76% Miami-Port St. Lucie-Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Hurricanes Tsunami Low elevation
10 Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ MSA 4,946,145 4,845,832 +2.07% Phoenix-Mesa, AZ CSA
Water shortages
11 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH MSA 4,899,932 4,941,632 −0.84% Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA
Low elevation Tsunami
12 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA 4,653,105 4,599,839 +1.16% Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA
Earthquake Water shortages
13 San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA MSA 4,623,264 4,749,008 −2.65% San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA
Earthquake Water shortages Tsunami
14 Detroit–Warren–Dearborn, MI MSA 4,365,205 4,392,041 −0.61% Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Flooding from poor water infrastructure
15 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA MSA 4,011,553 4,018,762 −0.18% Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA
Earthquake Water shortages
16 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA 3,690,512 3,690,261 +0.01% Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA
Flooding from Rivers
17 San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA MSA 3,286,069 3,298,634 −0.38%
Tsunami Low elevation
18 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA 3,219,514 3,175,275 +1.39%
Tsunami Low elevation Hurricanes
19 Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO MSA 2,972,566 2,963,821 +0.30% Denver-Aurora, CO CSA
Hail storms Water shortages
20 Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD MSA 2,838,327 2,844,510 −0.22% Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Low Elevation
St. Louis, MO-IL MSA 2,809,299 2,820,253 −0.39% St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL CSA
Earthquake Flooding from Rivers
22 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC MSA 2,701,046 2,660,329 +1.53% Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC CSA
large tall Dam
23 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA 2,691,925 2,673,376 +0.69% Orlando-Lakeland-Deltona, FL CSA
Hurricanes Water shortages Elevation
24 San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX MSA 2,601,788 2,558,143 +1.71% San Antonio-New Braunfels-Pearsall, TX CSA
Water shortages
25 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA 2,511,612 2,512,859 −0.05% Portland-Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Earthquake
26 Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA MSA 2,411,428 2,397,382 +0.59% Sacramento-Roseville, CA CSA
Water shortages Flooding from Rivers
27 Pittsburgh, PA MSA 2,353,538 2,370,930 −0.73% Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV CSA
Flooding from Rivers
28 Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown, TX MSA 2,352,426 2,283,371 +3.02%
Large Tall dams Water shortages
29 Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV MSA 2,292,476 2,265,461 +1.19% Las Vegas-Henderson, NV-AZ CSA
Water shortages Large Tall dam
30 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA 2,259,935 2,256,884 +0.14% Cincinnati-Wilmington-Maysville, OH-KY-IN CSA
Flooding from Rivers
31 Kansas City, MO-KS MSA 2,199,490 2,192,035 +0.34% Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Tornadoes Water shortages
32 Columbus, OH MSA 2,151,017 2,138,926 +0.57% Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH CSA
Water shortages Tornadoes
33 Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN MSA 2,126,804 2,111,040 +0.75% Indianapolis-Carmel-Muncie, IN CSA
Water shortages Tornadoes
34 Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA 2,075,662 2,088,251 −0.60% Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH CSA
Tsunami off of lake Erie
35 Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN MSA 2,012,476 1,989,519 +1.15% Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN CSA
Large Tall dam New Madrid Earthquake risk
36 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA 1,952,185 2,000,468 −2.41% San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA
Water shortages Earthquake
37 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA 1,803,328 1,799,674 +0.20% Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC CSA
Tsunami Elevation
38 Providence-Warwick, RI-MA MSA 1,675,774 1,676,579 −0.05% Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA
Elevation Tsunami
39 Jacksonville, FL MSA 1,637,666 1,605,848 +1.98% Jacksonville-St. Marys-Palatka, FL-GA CSA
Elevation Tsunami Hurricanes
40 Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI MSA 1,566,487 1,574,731 −0.52% Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI CSA
Tsunami from lake Michigan
Raleigh-Cary, NC MSA 1,448,411 1,413,982 +2.43% Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC CSA
Hurricanes Water Shortages
42 Oklahoma City, OK MSA 1,441,647 1,425,695 +1.12% Oklahoma City-Shawnee, OK CSA
Tornadoes
43 Memphis, TN-MS-AR MSA 1,336,103 1,337,779 −0.13% Memphis-Forrest City, TN-MS-AR CSA
Flooding from Rivers Earthquakes
44 Richmond, VA MSA 1,324,062 1,314,434 +0.73%
Elevation
45 Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN MSA 1,284,566 1,285,439 −0.07% Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown–Bardstown, KY-IN CSA
Flooding from Rivers
46 Salt Lake City, UT MSA 1,263,061 1,257,936 +0.41% Salt Lake City-Provo-Ogden, UT CSA
Earthquake Water shortages
47 New Orleans-Metairie, LA MSA 1,261,726 1,271,845 −0.80% New Orleans-Metairie-Hammond, LA-MS CSA
Elevation Tsunami Hurricanes Salt water ruining water supply
48 Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT MSA 1,211,906 1,213,531 −0.13% Hartford-East Hartford, CT CSA
Elevation
49 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA 1,162,336 1,166,902 −0.39% Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Cattaraugus, NY CSA
Tsunami from lake Erie
50 Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA 1,114,262 1,115,289 −0.09% Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega, AL CSA
Water shortages Tornadoes
51 Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA 1,091,620 1,087,592 +0.37% Grand Rapids-Kentwood-Muskegon, MI CSA
Safe metropolitan area
52 Rochester, NY MSA 1,084,973 1,090,135 −0.47% Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY CSA
Tsunami from lake Ontario
53 Tucson, AZ MSA 1,052,030 1,043,433 +0.82% Tucson-Nogales, AZ CSA
Water shortages
54 Tulsa, OK MSA 1,023,988 1,015,331 +0.85% Tulsa-Muskogee-Bartlesville, OK CSA
Tornadoes Large Tall dam
55 Fresno, CA MSA 1,013,581 1,008,654 +0.49% Fresno-Madera-Hanford, CA CSA
Water shortages
56 Urban Honolulu, HI MSA 1,000,890 1,016,508 −1.54%
Tsunami Elevation
57 Worcester, MA-CT MSA 978,447 978,529 −0.01% Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA
Water shortages
58 Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA 971,637 967,604 +0.42% Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, NE-IA CSA
Water shortages River Flooding Tornadoes
59 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT MSA 959,768 957,419 +0.25% New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Tsunami Elevation
60 Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA 940,774 928,195 +1.36% Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC CSA
Large Tall dam in one area
Albuquerque, NM MSA 918,259 916,528 +0.19% Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas, NM CSA
Water shortages
62 Bakersfield, CA MSA 917,673 909,235 +0.93%
Water shortages
63 Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA 899,286 899,262 0.00% Albany-Schenectady, NY CSA
Elevation
64 Knoxville, TN MSA 893,412 879,773 +1.55% Knoxville-Morristown-Sevierville, TN CSA
Large Tall dam Earthquake
65 McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA 880,356 870,781 +1.10% McAllen-Edinburg, TX CSA
Flooding from Rivers Water shortages Tsunami Elevation
66 Baton Rouge, LA MSA 871,905 870,569 +0.15%
Flooding from Rivers Elevation
67 El Paso, TX MSA 871,234 868,859 +0.27% El Paso-Las Cruces, TX-NM CSA
Flooding from Rivers
68 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA 865,310 861,889 +0.40%
A Safe metropolitan area
69 New Haven-Milford, CT MSA 863,700 864,835 −0.13% New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Elevation Tsunami
70 North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA 859,760 833,716 +3.12% North Port-Sarasota, FL CSA
Elevation Tsunami Hurricanes
71 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA 839,784 843,843 −0.48% Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA
Earthquake Water shortages
72 Columbia, SC MSA 838,250 829,470 +1.06% Columbia-Orangeburg-Newberry, SC CSA
Large Tall dam Water shortages
73 Dayton, OH MSA 813,516 814,049 −0.07% Dayton-Springfield-Kettering, OH CSA
Water shortages Tornadoes
74 Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA 813,052 799,636 +1.68%
Tsunami Elevation Hurricanes
75 Boise, ID MSA 795,268 764,718 +3.99% Boise City-Mountain Home-Ontario, ID-OR CSA
Large Tall dam Water shortages
76 Stockton, CA MSA 789,410 779,233 +1.31% San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA
Water shortages Flooding
77 Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA 787,976 760,822 +3.57% Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples, FL CSA
Tsunami Elevation Hurricanes
78 Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA 778,848 776,566 +0.29% Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Water shortages
79 Colorado Springs, CO MSA 762,793 755,105 +1.02%
Water shortages
80 Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA 753,520 725,046 +3.93% Orlando-Lakeland-Deltona, FL CSA
Elevation Flooding Hurricanes
81 Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA 750,936 748,031 +0.39% Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR CSA
Water shortages Tornadoes
82 Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA 719,146 709,466 +1.36% Des Moines-Ames-West Des Moines, IA CSA
Flooding from Rivers Tornadoes
83 Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA 706,696 694,863 +1.70% Salt Lake City-Provo-Ogden, UT CSA
Earthquake
84 Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY MSA 701,637 697,221 +0.63% New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Elevation
85 Akron, OH MSA 700,015 702,219 −0.31% , OH CSA
A safe metropolitan area
86 Provo-Orem, UT MSA 697,141 671,185 +3.87%, UT CSA
Earthquake
87 Springfield, MA MSA 695,305 699,162 −0.55%
Flooding from Rivers
88 Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA 685,344 668,921 +2.46% Orlando-Lakeland-Deltona, FL CSA
Tsunami Elevation Hurricanes
89 Madison, WI MSA 683,183 680,796 +0.35% Madison-Janesville-Beloit, WI CSA
A safe metropolitan area
90 Winston-Salem, NC MSA 681,438 675,966 +0.81% Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Water shortages
91 Syracuse, NY MSA 658,281 662,057 −0.57% Syracuse-Auburn, NY CSA
A safe metropolitan area

Green started her career in the Summit League, but these days, she plays for West Virginia and has become a dependable offensive weapon for them. Check out my profile of her on my Substack. (two stories in one weekend, how blessed are you? haha). As always, it's packed with quotes. Hailey was a fun interviewee, I'm sure you'll like her.
Read it here, and don't forget to subscribe to my Substack! ⬇️ https://therisereport.substack.com/p/draft-prospect-profile-oh-hailey