It's no coincidence that people explain their problems started after a bad meal, unsavory living conditions, or a period of unhealthy habits. Ask yourself this even, when your gastrointestinal dysbiosis first occurred, weren't your symptoms more mild than compared to what they are now? Don't many of you have more problems than smelling? IBS? Inflatulence? Abnormal sweating? Appetite changes? Nervous problems?
All these are telling of a parasitic infection, not bacterial. A person's gut microbiome cannot simply change drastically and cause all of these issues overnight. It's impossible. There are hundreds of trillions bacteria in the gut, and to make a significant change in such an established environment would take decades. If you research the effects parasites can have on the human body you would be shocked, and immediately understand where I'm coming from.
So please, for yourselves do your research on this subject. Go on a 15 to 30 day parasite cleanse and just try it out. The best thing about the cleanse, is that you don't have to change your diet. You eat the same sugars, carbs and meats that would draw them out in the first place, and then you would make sure to take the necessary OTC medication or herbal supplementation to kill them off.
I inadvertently killed off the parasites causing my nervous problem. I left out that I consume a lot of garlic and I take acv daily. So, the fish oil and r alpha lipoic acid were able to bring my nerves back functioning to how they're supposed to. That is likely what happened. I'm not a doctor by any means, I'm just a mechanical engineer. We like to figure out why things work the way they do.

Zone 2 training, which involves exercising at a moderate intensity (typically 60-70% of maximum heart rate), can reverse metabolic syndrome through several detailed mechanisms. This form of exercise enhances the body's ability to oxidize fat as a primary fuel source, thereby improving metabolic flexibility. By operating predominantly within the aerobic energy system, Zone 2 training increases the efficiency and capacity of mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, thereby enhancing overall energy metabolism. The increased mitochondrial density and function allow for better utilization of glucose and fatty acids, reducing blood glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity, which are crucial factors in reversing metabolic syndrome.
One significant benefit of Zone 2 training is the improvement in insulin sensitivity. Exercise at this intensity enhances the muscles' ability to uptake glucose, independent of insulin, through increased translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the cell surface. This effect not only helps in lowering blood glucose levels but also decreases insulin resistance, a key component of metabolic syndrome. Improved insulin sensitivity means that the body requires less insulin to manage blood sugar levels, alleviating the burden on pancreatic beta cells and reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes​ (BMJ Open Access)​​ (BioMed Central)​.
Another crucial mechanism is the reduction of visceral fat, which is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. Zone 2 training promotes lipolysis, the breakdown of fats, and enhances fat oxidation, leading to a decrease in visceral adiposity. Reduced visceral fat decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines that contribute to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Consequently, lowering visceral fat not only helps in managing weight but also mitigates the inflammatory state that exacerbates metabolic syndrome​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Furthermore, Zone 2 training improves cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure, enhancing endothelial function, and increasing HDL cholesterol levels while reducing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. These cardiovascular benefits reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, which are often comorbid with metabolic syndrome. By improving vascular function and lipid profiles, Zone 2 training addresses several risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, leading to a comprehensive improvement in metabolic health​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Overall, Zone 2 training offers a multifaceted approach to reversing metabolic syndrome by enhancing mitochondrial function, improving insulin sensitivity, reducing visceral fat, and promoting cardiovascular health. These combined effects lead to a substantial improvement in metabolic health and a reduction in the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
Resistance training has a significant impact on reversing metabolic syndrome through multiple mechanisms, enhancing overall metabolic health. Engaging in regular resistance exercise leads to increased muscle mass and strength, which is crucial for improving metabolic rate. A higher metabolic rate helps in better energy expenditure and fat oxidation, reducing body fat and visceral adiposity, both of which are key factors in metabolic syndrome.
One of the primary ways resistance training helps is by improving insulin sensitivity. Muscle contractions during resistance exercises stimulate glucose uptake into the muscles independently of insulin. This increased glucose uptake helps lower blood glucose levels and reduces insulin resistance, a core component of metabolic syndrome. Studies have shown that resistance training can significantly reduce hemoglobin A1c levels, a marker of long-term blood glucose control, thereby improving glycemic control​ (BioMed Central)​.
Resistance training also positively affects lipid profiles, which are often dysregulated in metabolic syndrome. It helps lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. These changes contribute to a better cardiovascular risk profile, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases commonly associated with metabolic syndrome​ (Diabetes Journals)​. Additionally, the reduction in visceral fat due to resistance training decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, further mitigating the inflammatory state associated with metabolic syndrome.
Moreover, resistance training improves cardiovascular health by reducing resting blood pressure and enhancing endothelial function. This is crucial because hypertension is a common component of metabolic syndrome. Improved muscle strength and endurance from resistance training also contribute to overall physical function and quality of life, making it easier to maintain an active lifestyle, which is essential for long-term metabolic health​ (Diabetes Journals)​​ (Oxford Academic)​.
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) involves short periods of low oxygen followed by normal levels. Studies show IH enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, crucial for cellular energy and metabolic health.
Research indicates IH increases mitochondrial DNA, biogenesis markers, and oxidative enzyme activity. In J Physiol, healthy adults showed significant mitochondrial improvements with IH. In Diabetes, obese individuals improved insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function through IH.
IH appears effective for managing metabolic syndrome by enhancing mitochondrial function and metabolic health. Further research with larger samples and longer follow-ups is needed to confirm its long-term efficacy and safety.
HIIT significantly enhances mitochondrial biogenesis by creating high energy demands and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act as signaling molecules for adaptive responses. During intense exercise bursts, localized hypoxia occurs in the muscles, stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that activate genes promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and improved oxygen utilization.
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) within HIIT plays a crucial role in these adaptations. The temporary hypoxic conditions during HIIT sessions induce similar responses to IH protocols, enhancing mitochondrial function and metabolic health. Thus, HIIT effectively boosts mitochondrial biogenesis through increased energy demands, ROS production, and HIF activation due to localized hypoxia.
To sustain the benefits of endurance training and boost mitochondrial function, several supplements and drugs are supported by varying degrees of scientific consensus.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is well-supported by research for its role in enhancing mitochondrial ATP production and reducing fatigue. Numerous studies have shown CoQ10's effectiveness in improving exercise performance and overall mitochondrial health​ (BMJ Open Access)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) is also widely researched and known for transporting fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production, thus reducing oxidative damage and improving mitochondrial function and endurance​ (BioMed Central)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) acts as an antioxidant and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function, making it a beneficial supplement for maintaining the effects of endurance training​ (BMJ Open Access)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) has a growing body of evidence supporting its role as a precursor to NAD+, a crucial coenzyme for mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. Research indicates that NR supplementation improves mitochondrial function and supports healthy aging​ (BioMed Central)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone) promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and has shown promise in enhancing cognitive function and energy metabolism. While the research is positive, it is less extensive compared to CoQ10 and ALCAR​ (BioMed Central)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Urolithin A (Mitopure) stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and has demonstrated benefits in clinical trials, including improved muscle function and endurance. The research is promising but still emerging​ (BioMed Central)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Metformin, primarily used for diabetes management, activates AMPK and enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and insulin sensitivity. It has been shown to have positive effects on mitochondrial function, though it is primarily prescribed for its glucose-lowering effects​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Rapamycin inhibits the mTOR pathway, enhancing mitochondrial function and potentially extending lifespan. Its use is more experimental and comes with potential side effects, making it less commonly recommended solely for mitochondrial health​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
CoQ10 and ALCAR are the most extensively supported by research, followed by ALA and NR. PQQ and Urolithin A have emerging support, while metformin and rapamycin are more specialized with broader implications for their use. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or medication.
Thoughts on Complex 1 inhibitors Some of these supplements are very speculative. Peter Attia is not convinced of NAD and neither am I. It might have an impact, but it's not been studied long term. Peter Attia also is not convinced of the utility of Metformin and neither am I. In my experience with Metformin and Berberine, while my fitness improved on some levels, my lactate levels were higher, it seemed to put me into a carb rather than fat burning mode of operations. Basically the same result Peter Attia experienced is what I experienced. As a result of this, it's a bad idea to use Metformin or Berberine.
Metformin blunts some benefits of exercise due to its activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key energy regulator that both metformin and exercise activate. When both are active simultaneously, the overlapping pathways can reduce the exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial adaptations. This overlap leads to a state where the additive effects of exercise on these pathways are diminished, as the body is already experiencing heightened AMPK activation due to metformin​ (BMJ Open Access)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Additionally, metformin interferes with mitochondrial biogenesis, a process that exercise naturally promotes to enhance cellular energy capacity. While metformin improves mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant tissues, it may hinder the exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations in healthy tissues. This interference results in less pronounced improvements in muscle oxidative capacity and endurance performance during physical activities​ (Diabetes Journals)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
The increase in lactate levels observed with metformin use is primarily due to its inhibition of complex 1 in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which shifts energy production from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. This shift increases lactate production as a byproduct of glycolysis. Furthermore, metformin disrupts the lactate shuttle, which involves the transport of lactate to the liver for gluconeogenesis, thus accumulating lactate in the blood. These mechanisms collectively contribute to elevated lactate levels during exercise in individuals taking metformin​ (Diabetes Journals)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
There are additional supplements I've tried like bergamot, but I'm not sure if this particular supplement helped or hurt. If I had to guess, it seems to have a mix between statin like effects and metformin like effects. It works by an entirely different mechanism from Metformin or berberine. Berberine itself works by a different mechanism from Metformin, but because it is a confirmed complex 1 inhibitor it's just as bad. The main difference is berberine has a very short half life while metformin has an unusually long half life. By inhibiting complex I, berberine reduces ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation and increases the reliance on glycolysis for energy production. This inhibition leads to a mild increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can have various signaling effects on cellular metabolism​ (BMJ Open Access)​​ (Diabetes Journals)​.
Lactate Shuttle Hypothesis, proposed by George Brooks in the 1980s, redefines lactate's role in metabolism. Traditionally viewed as a mere byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now recognized as a crucial intermediary in energy production and metabolic regulation. During glycolysis, lactate is produced from pyruvate, especially under anaerobic conditions. This hypothesis posits that lactate is not just an end-product but a vital fuel source, transportable and oxidizable by various tissues, including the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles.
Lactate produced in one cell can be transported to another cell or tissue via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). This transport allows lactate to be converted back into pyruvate, which can then enter mitochondria for oxidation, contributing to ATP production during aerobic metabolism. This mechanism facilitates energy redistribution within and between tissues. For example, during intense exercise, lactate produced by fast-twitch muscle fibers can be transported to slow-twitch fibers for oxidation, optimizing energy utilization. The lactate shuttle thus supports the coordination of energy supply and demand across different organs and tissues, enhancing overall metabolic efficiency.
Numerous studies have confirmed the presence and function of MCTs in lactate transport and utilization. Research has shown that lactate can be taken up and oxidized by muscle cells' mitochondria and other tissues, providing a significant energy source during and after exercise. This concept has significant implications for understanding metabolic diseases and exercise physiology. It suggests that improving lactate clearance and utilization could benefit conditions like heart failure and diabetes, where metabolic flexibility is compromised. Understanding the lactate shuttle helps clarify the complex interplay of metabolic processes during exercise and in metabolic disorders, highlighting lactate's central role in energy metabolism.
Urolithin A is a metabolite derived from ellagitannins, compounds found in fruits like pomegranates, berries, and nuts. It is known for its potential benefits on mitochondrial health and muscle function. Urolithin A promotes mitophagy, a selective degradation process that removes damaged mitochondria, ensuring the maintenance and regeneration of healthy ones. This process is vital for maintaining mitochondrial quality, particularly in metabolically active tissues like muscle.
Urolithin A enhances mitophagy by activating the PINK1-Parkin pathway, which tags damaged mitochondria for degradation, promoting overall mitochondrial health and function. Additionally, by removing defective mitochondria, Urolithin A supports mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing the number and efficiency of mitochondria, which boosts cellular energy production and metabolic efficiency. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, reducing chronic inflammation that can impair mitochondrial function and contribute to metabolic disorders.
Studies have shown the benefits of Urolithin A on mitochondrial health and muscle function. Preclinical studies indicate that Urolithin A extends lifespan and improves muscle function in animal models by enhancing mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Human clinical trials, such as one published in Nature Metabolism, have shown that Urolithin A supplementation can improve muscle endurance and mitochondrial health in older adults, suggesting its potential for mitigating age-related decline in muscle and metabolic health.
Integrating Urolithin A into a training program can enhance the benefits of exercise by improving mitochondrial function and muscle health. Urolithin A can be taken as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules or powder, ideally alongside meals for better absorption. Consistency is key, so it should be a part of the daily routine. Combining Urolithin A with regular exercise, particularly endurance and resistance training, can maximize its benefits since exercise itself promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Monitoring improvements in muscle strength, endurance, and overall metabolic health can help assess the effectiveness of Urolithin A as part of a training regimen.
My experience with Urolithin A (mitopure) so far has been positive. This supplement seems to have a positive effect on mitochondria whether you exercise or not. When combined with exercise it seems to have only positive effects. This is in contrast to the complex 1 inhibitors or even certain statins which seem to have some sort of negative or blunting effect on the adaptations. Statins at least for now are necessary until better drugs become widely available and cheap, but metformin or berberine may be unnecessary for people who are willing to go the exercise route.
The PINK1-Parkin Pathway and Its Role in Mitophagy
Urolithin A activates the PINK1-Parkin pathway, a crucial mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial health through the process of mitophagy. Mitophagy is the selective degradation of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy, ensuring that cells maintain a healthy and functional mitochondrial population. Understanding how Urolithin A activates this pathway helps clarify its beneficial effects on mitochondrial health.

The PINK1-Parkin Pathway

PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) and Parkin are two key proteins involved in the identification and removal of damaged mitochondria:

1. PINK1:

• PINK1 is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that is normally imported into healthy mitochondria and rapidly degraded.
• When mitochondria become damaged (e.g., due to loss of membrane potential), PINK1 accumulates on the outer mitochondrial membrane instead of being imported and degraded.
• The accumulation of PINK1 on the outer membrane serves as a signal indicating mitochondrial damage.

1. Parkin:

• Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is recruited to the outer mitochondrial membrane by PINK1.
• Upon recruitment, Parkin ubiquitinates various outer mitochondrial membrane proteins, tagging the damaged mitochondria for degradation.

Mechanism of Action

When mitochondria are healthy, PINK1 is continuously imported into the mitochondria and degraded. However, in the presence of damaged mitochondria with decreased membrane potential, PINK1 accumulates on the outer membrane. This accumulation acts as a signal to recruit and activate Parkin. Activated Parkin ubiquitinates specific proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane, marking the damaged mitochondria for degradation by the autophagy machinery. This process involves the formation of autophagosomes around the damaged mitochondria, which are then delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling.

Urolithin A and the PINK1-Parkin Pathway

Urolithin A enhances mitophagy by modulating the PINK1-Parkin pathway. It promotes the accumulation of PINK1 on damaged mitochondria, leading to the recruitment and activation of Parkin. This activation results in increased ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins and subsequent autophagic degradation of damaged mitochondria. By facilitating this process, Urolithin A ensures the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, promoting the regeneration of healthy ones.

Supporting Studies

Research has shown that Urolithin A can activate the PINK1-Parkin pathway and enhance mitophagy in various models:

• A study published in Nature Metabolism demonstrated that Urolithin A improved mitochondrial health and muscle function in older adults by activating mitophagy through the PINK1-Parkin pathway​ (BMJ Open Access)​​ (BioMed Central)​.
• Another study in Cell Reports showed that Urolithin A induced mitophagy and improved mitochondrial function in aging muscle, supporting the idea that this compound can help mitigate age-related decline in mitochondrial health​ (Diabetes Journals)​.

Implementation in a Training Program

To implement Urolithin A in a training program, it can be taken as a dietary supplement alongside regular exercise. Consistency in supplementation and exercise is key, as both activities synergistically promote mitochondrial health. Monitoring progress in muscle strength, endurance, and overall metabolic health can help assess the effectiveness of this approach.
By activating the PINK1-Parkin pathway, Urolithin A helps maintain a healthy mitochondrial population, which is essential for optimal cellular energy production and metabolic health. This mechanism underscores its potential benefits for improving exercise performance and reversing metabolic disorders.
The problem with lifestyle measures is the endurance training benefits don't last long. It's not a cure for metabolic syndrome but it's more like an effective treatment. It can mitigate some of the risks. Insulin resistance for example might not be as bad if you spend a lot of time doing resistance training and Zone 2/Zone 5 cardio. The lifestyle measure seems to work better than metformin but only if you can do it consistently for years. The muscle you build will allow for more carbs to be consumed, and for more glucose to be stored in the muscles instead of the liver. Fatty liver disease and visceral fat are problems, and lifestyle can avoid these problems better than any drug so far. Genetic factors cannot be controlled for, and some new drugs may have to be created for people who are genetically highly likely to develop type 2 diabetes, or who have high cholesterol for no dietary reasons. PCSK9 inhibitors are an example of this and maybe alphaGO will be able to help find new targets or pathways for drugs to improve mitochondria function.
​

Kwa nini GlucoPRO:
GlucoPRO sio kidonge kingine kwenye soko. Ni nyongeza iliyoundwa kwa uangalifu ambayo inalenga kusaidia uwezo wa asili wa mwili wako kudhibiti viwango vya sukari ya damu. Hapa kuna kinachofanya iwe wazi:
Viungo Asilia: GlucoPRO imejaa mchanganyiko wa viambato asilia vinavyojulikana kwa sifa zao za kudhibiti sukari kwenye damu. Fikiria kama zawadi ya asili kwa mwili wako.
Rahisi Kutumia: Ijumuishe tu na utaratibu wako wa kila siku. Hakuna ugomvi, hakuna regimens ngumu. Imeundwa kutoshea bila mshono katika mtindo wako wa maisha.
Inasaidia Afya kwa Jumla: Zaidi ya udhibiti wa sukari ya damu, GlucoPRO pia inakuza viwango bora vya nishati, hisia, na ustawi wa jumla. Sio tu kudhibiti ugonjwa wa kisukari, ni juu ya kuboresha maisha yako.
Ndani ya GlucoPRO kuna nini?:
Unaweza kuwa unashangaa ni nini katika nyongeza hii ya muujiza. GlucoPRO inachanganya viungo kadhaa vya nguvu:
Chromium: Husaidia kuboresha unyeti wa insulini, na kuifanya iwe rahisi kwa mwili wako kudhibiti viwango vya sukari ya damu.
Berberine: Mimea ya zamani iliyotumiwa kwa karne nyingi kupunguza viwango vya sukari ya damu.
Alpha Lipoic Acid: Antioxidant yenye nguvu ambayo husaidia kupunguza uvimbe na maumivu ya neva.
Dondoo ya Mdalasini: Inajulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kupunguza viwango vya sukari ya damu na kuboresha usikivu wa insulini.
Jinsi GlucoPRO Inaweza Kubadilisha Maisha Yako
Hebu fikiria siku ambayo huna haja ya kuwa na wasiwasi mara kwa mara kuhusu viwango vya sukari yako ya damu. Ukiwa na GlucoPRO, siku hiyo inaweza kuwa karibu kuliko unavyofikiria. Hivi ndivyo inavyoweza kuleta mabadiliko:
Wasiwasi Chini, Kuishi Zaidi: Kwa kusaidia kuleta utulivu wa sukari kwenye damu, GlucoPRO hukuruhusu kuzingatia kufurahia maisha badala ya kufuatilia viwango vyako kila mara.
Nishati Zaidi: Sema kwaheri kwa maporomoko hayo ya alasiri. Kwa viwango vya sukari vilivyoimarishwa zaidi, utahisi nguvu zaidi siku nzima.
Mood Bora: Viwango thabiti vya sukari ya damu vinaweza kusababisha hali ya usawa zaidi. Hakuna mabadiliko ya hisia au kuwashwa tena.
Mahali pa kupata GlucoPRO:
Je, uko tayari kuchukua hatua na ujaribu GlucoPRO mwenyewe? Unaweza kuipata mtandaoni au kwenye duka lako la afya. Ni wakati wa kuchukua udhibiti wa udhibiti wako wa kisukari na kuanza kuishi maisha yako bora.

BOFYA HAPA KUTEMBELEA TOVUTI RASMI

It’s fun to experiment with new skin care products, so we’ve compiled a list of our favorite 100% natural skin care hacks to mix into your daily routine. We do have to remind you that while we love trying out new products, everyone's skin is unique, so you may want to check with your dermatologist first before using these ingredients to give your existing regimen a boost. Read on for seven delicious kitchen cupboard ingredients you’ll never see in the same way again.

Coconut Oil

Health foodies might keep a jar of virgin, unrefined coconut oil in the pantry as an alternative to butter, but the beauty industry’s also gone, well, completely coconuts for this antibacterial ingredient — which just so happens to smell delightfully like a pina colada (admit it, you love ‘em). This rich, fatty oil obtained from the tropical fruit contains a handful of sweet skin care treats: vitamin E, an antioxidant that helps to protect against dreaded damage from free radicals; a trio of capric, lauric, and caprylic acids that have powerful anti-bacterial properties; and loads of saturated fats (about 12 grams per tablespoon), which help repair your skin’s natural barrier and retain its moisture.
Chances are you’ve heard about natural beauty aficionados cleansing and removing makeup with coconut oil or slathering it on as a nighttime moisturizer. You can use this natural skin care ingredient in the same way, adding it to your routine as a makeup remover, overnight face mask, and skin soother anywhere there’s irritation or dryness. At Type: A, we blend just the right amount of coconut oil into our aluminum-free deodorant not only for its powerful antibacterial properties (buh-bye, odor), but also to perfect Type: A’s unique silky texture.

Apple Cider Vinegar

The next time you’re downing your daily ACV shot, consider pouring a generous glassful into your next bath. While the smell isn’t for everyone (sure, the soapy water is going to smell a little like you’re soaking in salad dressing), the skin-smoothing benefit of apple cider vinegar’s alpha hydroxy acids may make you a convert. The acids work as exfoliants, removing dead skin cell buildup and unveiling smoother, softer skin in the process.
Apple cider vinegar has also been touted as a natural acne-fighter, thanks to its antimicrobial properties that help reduce bacteria. As an astringent ingredient, it’s also capable of removing oil and balancing your skin’s pH, making that bottle sitting in your fridge a versatile natural skin care powerhouse (who knew?).

Honey

Before you start pouring honey all over your face instead of onto your morning toast, remember that not all honey is created equal. For skin care purposes, you’ll want to use raw honey. While its natural antibacterial qualities differ based on the type of honey and how it was harvested, a particularly potent type (like often-buzzed about New Zealand Manuka) may be powerful enough to help with acne breakouts—since many bacteria can’t survive and thrive with honey’s low pH levels.
That’s not the only way this sticky, sweet syrup is a boon to your skin. In the same way honey can soothe an aching sore throat, it can also moisturize and soothe when applied topically. The sugar in honey acts as a natural humectant and emollient, working to preserve moisture, soften skin, and reduce dryness making it the perfect moisturizing mask.

Lemon

You know the saying: when life gives you lemons, squeeze them right into your skin care routine. Be cautious, however, when it comes to this citrus. The fruit is highly acidic, so its tart juice should only be used in very small amounts and mixed or diluted with other products—like your cleanser or toner—before being applied to skin. That will help you avoid irritation or photosensitivity, which can result from a lemon-produced chemical that could harm skin in the presence of sunlight.
Juicy lemons are loaded with complexion-brightening citric acid and vitamin C, a beloved-by-all antioxidant that helps neutralize free radicals, lighten dark spots, and helps your skin’s collagen (the coveted protein that helps retain your skin’s youthful elasticity and supple texture).

Olive Oil

After we learned about the benefits of a Mediterranean-inspired diet years back, we made the switch to olive oil—swapping it in for butter, traditional palm oil, and other less-than-healthy ingredients. The oil’s been nicknamed “liquid gold” since it’s brimming with monounsaturated fat (in case you’re wondering, yes, that’s the good kind of fat), antioxidants (which help prevent premature aging), and a slew of fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K.
But we’re just discovering the incredible natural skin care benefits that can come from this multi-tasking oil. One important rule: Stick with a premium version to make sure you reap the full benefits. We love Kosterina’s pure, organic, extra-virgin olive oil imported from Greece.
Here’s how to work it into your beauty routine: olive oil adheres to other oil-based products, so the liquid works as a gentle, hydrating pre-cleanser for removing stubborn foundation, liner, and mascara. It’s also a miracle worker for dry skin and irritated or inflamed areas, thanks to a compound called oleocanthal that’s only present in high-quality, extra-virgin forms.

Tea Bags

Before you toss your steeped tea bags, consider re-purposing them to rescue dark, puffy under-eye circles (a win for reducing waste too). Tea bags that have caffeine can help refresh the skin under your eyes (a lot like how a steaming cup of coffee perks you up in the morning), and tea contains anti-inflammatory tannins, which reduce the appearance of puffiness and swelling by shrinking the blood vessels around your peepers.
Of course, the benefits vary depending on the type of tea you prefer. Gentle chamomile works to calm inflammation and redness, while jasmine’s antimicrobial properties help with oily-prone skin. And green tea is almost universally accepted as an antioxidant powerhouse, so recycling the bags for your skin can’t hurt for its potential rejuvenating effects.

He is a pug 12.5 yrs old and he weighs 8.5 kgs. He is arthiritc and a heart patient, has been on diuretics for the past 6 months and since then he has lost of hind leg muscle, leading to constant falls, incoordination and being wobbly.
We have started hydrotherapy to counter this, once every 3 days.
Q- Should I add MSM and glucosamine, since he has started getting weak?
he was coughing a lot since he was 9 years of age approximately, we consulted mutiple vets- at different intervals but his condition was somehow not identified( or probably not there at the time), and was given cough syrups and antibiotics etc.
when last year in september he started coughing more that usual(a lot), and had increased heart rate, we had to rush to the vet hospital which is very far away from our place.
There it was diganosed that he had fluid build up from a slightly enlarged heart, and would need diuretics to treat the same. We were I think very late in his diagnosis as fluid build up happens at a very late stage in a heart disease.
As a result of that, currently he is on these medications-

1. torsemide 2.5 mg x1
   
2. Spinorolactone 25 mg x1
   

as diuretics.
Now earlier, he was fine with this dosage for 6 months, but in the past month, he started coughing again despite being on these meds, I dont want to increase these medications any further.
Since then I started reading up on this condition and found a lot about heart supplements after going through various medical journals, vet videos, reddit posts and comments, such as CoQ10 and home remedies.
Finally, this is what I have started giving him since the past week,

1. CoQ10 (150mg x2)( I break the tablet in half it has 300 mg of ubiquinol).

I know its a lot for a 8.5 kg dog but have seen improvements and it does not have any reported side effects. The tablet also has alpha lipoic acid (100mg), Omega-3 (150mg), EPA (90 mg), DHA (60 mg).

1. curcumin+just a little black pepper(to activate the curcumin).
   
2. flaxseed powder( 1 tsp in his dinner)
   
3. Hawthorn berry extract powder( 300 mg x2)
   

Q- also, I'm planning to sprinkle some fresh dried dandelion leaf in his food to help with the fluid build up, how much should I add?
Q- Should I also add algae based omega 3( for higher EPA values)?
He is on a low sodium home cooked veg diet(lot of veggies, low carbs, pumpkin, etc).
Q-Should I add the lacking ammino acids to him in his diet such as Taurine, L-cartinine, carnosine, argnine?
He also has eggs in winter, since in summers it is really hot as high as (48°C /118.4°F). where I live, and his stomach gives out if fed eggs in summer.

I also give him little cottage cheese for protein( I know high in fat but under strict regulation)
Q- lastly, I have also heard of pimobendan really helps, should I add it?
Your experience and advice really helps, need some encouragement to fight this out with him.
Thank you!

So, this Canuck has always struggled with finding shoes that work for my wide feet. Looking into the barefoot world but worried about hookworms, I've basically run it down to two options:

• Vibram FiveFingers. My concern with these is that I've read on this sub that 1) quality has been dropping in past years, and 2) the individual toes are (possibly) a gimmick that offer no real benefit over just an extra wide toebox. My plan is to get a pair of V-Alphas for around town, and some insulated V-Treks for outdoorsy weekends & the winter in general.
• Softstars. These were specifically recommended in a recent-ish thread about VFFs as a great alternative. Never heard of them before, and worried about how they'll handle in the winter. But their copy sounds pretty good, won't lie.

My broke ass can't afford to make mistakes with shoes, especially since Vibram won't pay for return shipping... So help me out!

I just finished reading this book about it:

9 New Skincare Trends That’ll Be Everywhere In 2024

In the ever-evolving world of skincare, 2024 is set to be the year of skin barrier health. This crucial aspect of skincare is finally receiving the attention it deserves, promising to revolutionize how we care for our skin. As we embrace this new era, here are some expert tips to help you achieve and maintain a radiant, healthy complexion.
Understanding the Skin Barrier
The skin barrier, or stratum corneum, is the outermost layer of the skin that serves as a protective shield. It guards against environmental aggressors such as pollutants, UV rays, and harmful microorganisms while retaining moisture and preventing dehydration. A compromised skin barrier can lead to dryness, irritation, and increased sensitivity, making it essential to prioritize its health.
https://supports-healthy-nails-and-skin.getresponsesite.com/
The Power of Gentle Cleansing
Cleansing is the cornerstone of any skincare routine, but it's crucial to choose a gentle cleanser that won't strip the skin of its natural oils. Over-washing can disrupt the skin barrier, leading to dryness and irritation. Opt for a mild, hydrating cleanser that effectively removes dirt, makeup, and impurities without compromising your skin's integrity.
Moisturize for Resilience
Hydration is key to maintaining a strong skin barrier. Regardless of your skin type, moisturizing daily is essential. Look for products containing ceramides, glycerin, and fatty acids, which help reinforce the skin's natural defenses. These ingredients work together to lock in moisture, keeping your skin hydrated and resilient.
Sunscreen: Your Skin's Best Friend
Sunscreen is a non-negotiable part of any skincare routine. Daily application of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 protects your skin from harmful UV rays, preventing premature aging, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer. Make sunscreen a part of your morning ritual, rain or shine.
Exfoliate Wisely
Exfoliation helps remove dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover and improving skin texture. Incorporate chemical exfoliants like alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) or beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) into your routine 1-2 times a week. These ingredients unclog pores and smooth the skin without the harshness of physical scrubs. However, avoid over-exfoliating, which can damage your skin barrier.
https://supports-healthy-nails-and-skin.getresponsesite.com/
Hydration from Within
Healthy skin starts from within. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day helps keep your skin hydrated. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats supports overall skin health. Foods high in antioxidants, such as berries and leafy greens, help combat free radicals and contribute to a youthful complexion.
Embrace Antioxidants
Antioxidants are powerful allies in the fight against skin damage. Ingredients like vitamin C, vitamin E, and niacinamide protect your skin from environmental stressors and improve its appearance. Incorporate antioxidant serums into your routine to brighten your complexion and reduce signs of aging.
Extend Care to Your Neck and Hands
Don't forget that your neck and hands are also susceptible to aging. Extend your skincare routine to these areas by applying moisturizer and sunscreen to keep them looking youthful and healthy.
Gentle Treatment
Treat your skin with care. Avoid harsh scrubbing and hot water, which can irritate and damage the skin. Pat your skin dry with a soft towel instead of rubbing it. This gentle approach helps maintain the integrity of your skin barrier.
Prioritize Sleep
Adequate sleep is essential for skin repair and regeneration. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Poor sleep can lead to dark circles, dullness, and breakouts. Establish a relaxing bedtime routine to improve your sleep quality and, consequently, your skin's appearance.
Manage Stress
Chronic stress negatively impacts your skin, causing breakouts and other issues. Incorporate stress-relief practices such as exercise, meditation, or hobbies into your routine. A balanced mind contributes to balanced skin.
Consult a Dermatologist
For persistent skin issues or personalized advice, consulting a dermatologist is invaluable. They can provide tailored recommendations and treatments to address your specific concerns.
As we move into 2024, the focus on skin barrier health is transforming the skincare industry. By understanding and prioritizing the health of your skin barrier, you can achieve and maintain a radiant, resilient complexion. Incorporate these expert tips into your daily routine, and enjoy the journey to healthier, happier skin. Here's to embracing the future of skincare and unlocking your skin's full potential!
"Unlock Your Skin’s Full Potential—Explore Our Expert-Formulated Barrier Repair Solutions Today!"

So this is my current stack, been taking over 2 months since I switched to all ND with the exception of my Omega 3 which I will be switching out when my new haul arrives.
Morning: 1. Tongkat Ali (100 mg, Cycle 3 weeks on 1 week off)

1. Epicatechin + Piperine (200 mg Epicatechin, 6 mg Piperine)
   
2. Tribugen (2 capsules)
   
3. Beta-Ecdysterone (500 mg)
   
4. Rhodiola Rosea (500 mg)
   
5. ALCAR (500 mg)
   
6. Boron Glycinate (50 mg, 6 mg Boron, Cycle 2 weeks on 1 week off)
   
7. Vitamin D3 + K2 (5000 IU D3, 100 mcg K2, 225 mg Vitamin C)
   
8. Saffron (2 capsules)
   
9. Infini B (Vitamin B Complex)
   
10. Sabroxy (100 mg)
    
11. Shoden Ashwagandha (120 mg)
    
12. Maca Extract (200 mg)
    
13. Unicardio Omega 3
    
14. Micro Zinc (8.4 mg)
    
15. HGW (200 mg)
    

Evening:

1. MicroMagnesium (625 mg)
   
2. Cordyceps (500 mg)
   
3. Alpha GPC (150 mg)
   
4. Nigella Sativa (200 mg)
   
5. Cistamax (1 capsule)
   

Due to arrive
New to add Optimized Alpha Lipoic Acid
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Capsules 250mg
Schisandra Capsules 250mg
AvailOm® High EPA Capsules 500mg Minimum 30% EPA + 15% DHA
AvailOm® High DHA Capsules 500mg Minimum 34% DHA + 11% EPA
Quercetin Phytosome Capsules 250mg
GABA Capsules 700mg
Fenugreek Extract Capsules 500mg 3% Trigonelline, 1% Protodioscin
L-Arginine Capsules 750mg
L-Citrulline Capsules 650mg
CoEnzyme Q10 Capsules 200mg
Black Ginger Extract Capsules 10% 200mg

In the competitive world of weight loss supplements, PhenQ stands out as a popular choice among dieters. This multi-functional diet pill claims to deliver numerous benefits, from burning fat to boosting energy levels. But what makes PhenQ truly effective? The secret lies in its ingredients. This article delves into the benefits of each key ingredient in PhenQ, providing a comprehensive review of what you can expect from this supplement.
Enter PhenQ, a groundbreaking natural weight management system meticulously designed to target key areas of metabolic health.

Understanding PhenQ

PhenQ is a dietary supplement designed to aid weight loss through a combination of fat burning, appetite suppression, energy enhancement, and mood improvement. It aims to provide a holistic approach to weight management, tackling various aspects that contribute to weight gain and difficulty in losing weight.

Key Ingredients and Their Benefits

1. α-Lacys Reset®

α-Lacys Reset® is a patented formula combining alpha-lipoic acid and cysteine. This powerful duo works to accelerate metabolism and thermogenesis (the body's heat production process), enabling the body to burn calories faster.

• Metabolism Boost: Enhances the body's metabolic rate, leading to more efficient calorie burning.
• Thermogenesis: Increases thermogenesis, which helps in burning more calories and fat.

2. Capsimax Powder

Capsimax powder is a blend of capsicum, piperine, caffeine, and niacin (vitamin B3). This ingredient is known for its fat-burning properties.

• Fat Burning: Capsicum and piperine (black pepper extract) help increase thermogenesis, aiding in fat loss.
• Improved Absorption: Piperine enhances the absorption of other ingredients, making PhenQ more effective.

3. Chromium Picolinate

Chromium picolinate is a natural mineral found in many foods. It plays a crucial role in controlling blood sugar levels.

• Appetite Control: Helps reduce cravings and manage appetite by keeping blood sugar levels stable.
• Reduced Sugar Cravings: Aids in controlling sugar and carb cravings, making it easier to stick to a healthy diet.

4. Caffeine Anhydrous

Caffeine anhydrous is a dehydrated form of caffeine, providing a potent energy boost.

• Energy Boost: Enhances energy levels, helping you stay active and focused throughout the day.
• Increased Alertness: Improves mental alertness and concentration, supporting better workout performance.

5. Nopal

Nopal is a cactus extract rich in fiber and essential amino acids.

• Appetite Suppression: The high fiber content helps you feel fuller for longer, reducing overall calorie intake.
• Water Retention: Nopal assists in reducing fluid retention, preventing bloating and promoting a leaner appearance.

6. L-Carnitine Fumarate

L-Carnitine fumarate is a naturally occurring amino acid that aids in converting fat into energy.

• Fat to Energy Conversion: Helps the body utilize stored fat for energy, enhancing fat loss.
• Reduced Fatigue: Supports energy production, reducing fatigue and muscle soreness during workouts.

How PhenQ Works

PhenQ’s effectiveness lies in its multi-faceted approach to weight loss. By combining several potent ingredients, it addresses various factors that contribute to weight gain:

• Thermogenesis and Metabolism: Ingredients like α-Lacys Reset® and Capsimax powder boost metabolism and thermogenesis, increasing calorie burn.
• Appetite Control: Chromium picolinate and Nopal help manage appetite and reduce cravings.
• Energy and Mood: Caffeine anhydrous and L-carnitine fumarate provide an energy boost and improve mood, making it easier to stay motivated and active.

Enter PhenQ, a groundbreaking natural weight management system meticulously designed to target key areas of metabolic health.

Conclusion

PhenQ diet pills offer a comprehensive solution for those seeking to lose weight. With a well-rounded blend of ingredients, each with unique benefits, PhenQ aims to support weight loss through multiple pathways. From boosting metabolism to suppressing appetite and enhancing energy levels, this supplement provides a balanced approach to achieving your weight loss goals. As with any supplement, it's important to combine PhenQ with a healthy diet and regular exercise for optimal results.

Hello! Sorry to bother but i truly need help! I know my cat needs vitamins so i asked the vet about it but he insists that the vitamins in the dry food prescription diet is enough, the thing is MY CAT DOES NOT EAT DRY FOOD shes very picky about food and I don’t want to starve her, so these are the ingredients of the supplement:
Antioxidants: Vitamin C 25mg Vitamin E 5 IU Green Tea extract (leaf) (providing 980 mcg polyphenols)
Super Nutrition: Rosemary, thyme and sage extracts 10 mg
Essential vitamins: Thiamine 2mg Riboflavin 1mg Niacin 2.5mg Pantothenic acid 2mg Vitamin B6 2mg Vitamin B12 2mcg Folic acid 500mcg
Amino Acids: Taurine 150mg L-Arginine 75 mg
Protein Synthesis and Water Balance: Trimethylglycine (TMG) (as betaine anhydrous) 25mg
Probiotics: Probiotic concentrate [L. acidophilus, L plantarum, B. bifidum, B. Lactis (providing 250 million CFU)] 3mg
Mixed Carotenoids:
Vitamin A Betatene 95.5 IU
Glucose Metabolism and Longevity:
Alpha Lipoic Acid 500mcg

This post is part of a series of reviews. To see them all, click here.
Historical information found on Shannon O'Sullivan's Doctor Who website (relevant page here and the TARDIS Wiki (relevant page here). Primary/secondary source material can be found in the source sections of O'Sullivan's website, and rarely as inline citations on the TARDIS Wiki.

Serial Information

• Episodes: Season 19, Episodes 9-12
• Airdates: 1st - 9th February 1982
• Doctor: 5th
• Companions: Adric, Nyssa (episodes 1,4), Tegan
• Writer: Christopher Bailey
• Director: Peter Grimwade
• Producer: John Nathan-Turner
• Script Editor: Eric Saward

Review

What is the one thing that evil cannot face, not ever? (…) Itself. – The Doctor
Kinda is a story with a bit of an unusual history of its audience reception. Initially written off by fans, and voted worst of Season 19's stories in the Doctor Who Monthly magazine's yearly poll ranking Season 19's stories in 1982, it has seen since seen a slow climb up in fans' estimations, to the point that it now frequently ranks among people's favorite 5th Doctor stories. And so the question remains. Did the fans of 1982 have it right? Or does it deserve this extraordinary rise in fans' estimation?
Eh…kinda.
Okay yes, I had to do that for the bit, but also, yeah Kinda did deserve some reevaluation in my estimation, but I do think it's a highly flawed story. Ideas presented in Kinda feel somewhat underdeveloped. Or maybe just presented in a way that is unnecessarily obfuscating the writer's intention? I don't know exactly, but while I like large parts of this story, to the point that I think it's the best of the season so far (not a massive bar to clear, but not an insubstantial one either), something about it feels off.
Kinda leans very heavily into religious themes, specifically Buddhist concepts with a Garden of Eden framing (second time in as many season we done of Garden of Eden allegory). What this means in a more practical sense is many of the scenes of the story are abstract, literal dreams or highly symbolic. Or you know visions of the future that are also the past. The thing is, I'm not sure that any of this contributes much more than atmosphere. Atmosphere is important of course, I don't want to discount that. And Kinda gets a lot of mileage out of creating its surreal atmosphere. I've praised stories like The Mind Robber or Warriors' Gate for this kind of atmosphere in the past. And, to be clear, Kinda is, by in large, a good story. But there comes a point when watching it where I just feel like the point of the surreal imagery is that it's surreal, and there's no other reason for it.
On the other hand, this is an absolutely fascinating story at times. Playing around with a number of cultural expectations, the titular Kinda people (named by the other group of people for their childlike qualities) do not speak, leading the people colonizing the planet of Deva Loka to assume that they are a simple, unintelligent people. In reality though they have telepathic communication, also a select number of their women (well, two to be exact) can speak, also also apparently they have some understanding of what DNA is and how it works. The Kinda culture is fairly complex, and somewhat unusually for a show like this, we get at least a halfway decent understanding of it.
On the other side of the spectrum, we have those colonizers I mentioned earlier. Adorned in literal pith helmets, they appear to be generally unconcerned with the lives of the Kinda and uninterested in what culture they may have. There are only three of them when we meet them, but that's because several others have died in the forests. And yet they persist on a planet that clearly doesn't want them there because that's just kind of the logic of colonialism. We've seen colonial allegories on this show before of course, most recently in The Power of Kroll. But Kinda's approach feels different. We'll get into the specifics of the characters involved, but suffice it to say two of the three of them are broad caricatures. It gives Kinda's colonizers less gravitas, but as they aren't the main villains of the piece, it actually works quite well.
Because the real focus of Kinda isn't on the Kinda or the people who've arrived to take over their planet but rather on the Mara. It's why Tegan ends up in a dream sequence. Because she's dreaming in a specific spot with these odd wind chimes, she ends up dreaming herself into a liminal space between our dimension and the Mara's home dimension. there Dukkha tricks her into letting the Mara into our dimension through her. In case you weren't clear from the Mara represented by a snake tattoo that this is a Garden of Eden allegory, the first thing the Mara-possessed Tegan does is throw apples at someone.
Much of the story is built on this kind of thing. There's an empty box that if any man looks into it they get driven out of their minds (which for some is a good thing). Women are fine, but even the Doctor gets a bit of a psychic buzz from it. According to Kinda wise woman Panna all of this has happened before, always ending with the Mara taking control. One of the colonizers, Hindle, manages to take control of two Kinda using a mirror, which foreshadows how the Doctor ultimately defeats the Mara, but the story is also very unclear as to why it works. As mentioned above, I don't love this story's approach to its more surreal and spiritual elements, but it does give Kinda its unique atmosphere.
So, characters. Beginning with our three colonizers. Sanders is the man in control of their expedition. He's not good at his job, to put it mildly. He is, in keeping with the general tone of the story around these guys, a bit of a buffoon, who insists on following his gut rather than listening to those around him. We don't get much of him in this early state mind you, because he is given the box in episode 2 and spends the rest of the story being perfectly pleasant if more than a bit childish. Still his last action was arguably his worst: he put Hindle in charge.
Hindle is the base security officer. He has also, by the time we meet him, completely broken down due to the strain. As mentioned before, this expedition has already lost several members. As security officer, Hindle wants to tighten security, and play things strictly by the rules. Two problems with that. The first is that his commanding officer is Sanders and he's not interested in facing reality. The other is that Hindle is losing his grip on reality, with the end result being…well I'm not sure exactly what's going on with Hindle throughout this frankly. By the end of the first episode he's already engaging in a form of megalomania. He's also already got control of those two Kinda I mentioned, and it…seems to be effecting him? Making him more unbalanced? Why? I don't know, but what happens to Hindle over the course of the story is perplexing.
He starts going mad with power, but in a way that feels like some sort of outside force is affecting him. He seems to believe that the trees on the Deva Loca are out to get him and so intends to destroy them with fire and acid ("If in doubt, then fire and acid every time, don't you think," the Doctor notes sarcastically). And all the while he becomes more and more childish. I mean that quite literally by the way, at a certain point Hindle starts behaving like a literal, 8 year old child. If Kinda's biggest issue is that things feel a bit too abstract, what happens to Hindle is exhibit A. Not only do I not know what's happening to him, I don't even feel like I'm given the tools to guess. He does eventually look into the box, and comes out the side a much more balanced person. He and Sanders seem genuinely content at the end of the story. How nice for them.
But there is one member of the expedition who isn't turned into a childish version of themself by the end of the story. Todd (that's her last name, no first name is given to any of the three colonizers) is the expedition's Scientist. I wrote Scientist with a capital "S" because she's one of those classic every discipline scientists. Honestly she behaves more like an anthropologist than anything else. Todd's curiosity about the Kinda leads her to realizing that they aren't as unsophisticated as Sanders and Hindle believe. As such Todd ends up being, by a pretty wide margin, the most sympathetic member of the guest cast. She's curious, and so naturally gels well with the Doctor and friends. I liked Todd, she came off as both relatable and capable.
The Kinda are mostly a mute group, and while they have individual personalities, they can be hard to distinguish due to their primarily telepathic communication. However the three that speak do stand out. Getting him out of the way, Aris is the Kinda who is eventually taken over by the Mara. One of the Kinda who was taken by the colonizers was Aris' brother, and as a result, Aris wants revenge, which we learn by having Karuna (one of the other three speaking Kinda) translate for him telepathically. It's at that point that Tegan, under the control of the Mara, exploits that desire for revenge and passes the power of the Mara over to him. A male Kinda with a voice is otherwise impossible, and so the other Kinda briefly follow him. Aris isn't a particularly well developed character, but I thought that Adrian Mills gave a really strong performance as him, especially once the Mara took over.
Panna and Karuna are the two Kinda who naturally have the power of speech, Panna being an old woman and Karuna being a young girl. As the leader of a highly matriarchal society, Panna's big role in this story is to call the Doctor an "idiot" or a "male fool". It can be a bit grating, but also there is some fun to be had in a character who is fully unimpressed with the Doctor. Karuna, being as young as she is, is a bit more open, but is also more susceptible to the Mara's influence. But Panna dies at a crucial moment and passes her experiences down to her apprentice. It's probably also worth noting that Aris is one of Karuna's several fathers (a situation that the Doctor describes as "extravagant"). These two didn't grab me as characters too much, other than the aforementioned fun relationship between the Doctor and Panna.
It helps that the Doctor is completely unbothered by her dismissive attitude. While Four to Doomsday did a very poor job at showing the 5th Doctor's personality, instead making him out to be a very ineffectual leader, Kinda does a lot better in this regard. He's still more passive than prior Doctors, but in a way that comes off as more canny. He's standing back and watching, taking in information and only intervening when it is either absolutely necessary or he has a full understanding of what's going on (must be nice). He humors Hindle and Sanders when he doesn't have to confront them, lets Panna insult him because he doesn't care enough to change her perception of him, but absorbs enough information to, at the end, defeat the giant snake version of the Mara. I really liked how the 5th Doctor was written in this story, and I do think it does alleviate some of the problems introduced from the last one.
Adric also has a better story than last time, although he could hardly have a worse one. To get the obvious out of the way, we are once again having Adric seeming to side with villains, in this case Hindle. Fortunately it's a ruse but still, that is four out of seven stories that we've done this plot (I may have overcounted last review), and it just no long holds any weight. However, his interactions with Hindle are, at the very least, a bit more substantial than this plot normally lets them be. Trying desperately to manage Hindle increasingly fragile emotional state, help the Doctor behind Hindle's back and generally being crafty, if there's a story that succeeds at demonstrating the rogueish side of Adric's personality, it's this one. He's still not getting along with Tegan, but even that feels a lot more light-hearted and banter-filled as opposed to the genuinely hateful relationship they had last time.
Now Tegan does spend roughly half of the story being possessed by the Mara. The dream sequences leading up to this point are the trippiest part of the story, and unfortunately, I don't think we learn much about her from this, in spite of a particular memory of hers coming up in the process of it. I think the issue is that the stuff she's going through doesn't feel particularly personalized: it's a terror that could realistically affect anyone. She is, after all, being tricked into giving up body to the Mara, so I think there was room to do a little bit more specific to Tegan there. That being said, once she's returned from her trance and the Mara controlling her body, we do get some fun stuff out of her. Her embarrassment at dropping apples on Aris, even though she thinks it's just a dream, is quite funny. And after the fact, her terror at seeing the Mara implies that the experience has left a mark of her, something which will be explored in future. Also, I have to give credit to Janet Fielding, for very effectively playing the role of the villain while Tegan was controlled by the Mara. A really strong performance out of her here.
Kinda feels like a much better introduction to the 5th Doctor era proper than the last story, in spite of the fact that Nyssa misses the entire story. The cast are gelling together much better, at their relationship feels a lot more functional. The story is…a bit much at times, but on the whole an enjoyable affair. I don't know that I'd say that Kinda belongs near the top of the 5th Doctor's stories, as has become the consensus, but definitely not the worst of the season, and certainly a very memorable story no matter what you want to say about it.
Score: 7/10

Stray Observations

• Nyssa misses, essentially, the entirety of this story, the first time since the black and white era that a companion missed even a single episode of the show (discounting UNIT characters and K-9, obviously). The script for Kinda was completed before Nyssa was cast, and Sarah Sutton's contract was only for 24 episodes in Season 19, hence her absence. Apparently Sutton used the time off to do some shopping.
• There's a lot of references to Buddhism in this one, both in some of the concepts, and most of the names used in the story, aside from the colonist trio. For whatever it's worth, writer Christopher Bailey regretted the heavy use of Buddhist names in the story. To quote him, "if you were making a Japanese show, you'd think twice about calling one of the characters Jesus Christ."
• Bailey was also generally unhappy with a lot of the effects in the story, and disliked the looks of the actors playing the natives.
• This was Janet Fielding's favorite script. Peter Davison loved the script as well, and gave a possible reason why Fielding might have loved it so much: it gave her something to do besides be angry at the Doctor.
• Eric Saward is credited as Script Editor on this one, but it was also commissioned by Christopher H. Bidmead and Anthony Root did major work on the script before it was passed on to Saward, meaning that the script was worked on by three different Script Editors.
• The colonial themes and the pith helmets were producer John Nathan-Turner's idea.
• There's an entire scene in episode 4 that essentially amounts to Tegan and Adric fretting about whether the Doctor can get the explosives out of Hindle's control and Adric repeating variations of "We should do something" on loop to which Tegan inevitably responds with a variation of "there's nothing we can do" on a loop. Entirely pointless scene, clearly there to fill up the runtime.

Next Time: The Doctor finally gets Tegan to Heathrow! It hasn't been built yet, but, as they say, you can never be too early.

Hi
My mother recently underwent surgery for colon cancer and completed chemotherapy. A year later, she's still experiencing pain, numbness, tingling, and a burning sensation in her feet. Her oncologist mentioned that this might be a permanent condition and suggested seeing a neurologist, but offered no other advice.
While we're waiting for the neurologist appointment, I wanted to ask if anyone here has managed to reduce similar pain. I've watched numerous YouTube videos, and many suggest that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), vitamin B, and exercise can help with nerve pain. Are there any other treatments or strategies that have worked for you or your loved ones?
Thanks in advance for your help.

Unlocking the Secrets to Radiant Skin: The Best Skincare Tips for a Healthy Glow
Achieving healthy, glowing skin is a universal desire, yet it often feels like a complex puzzle. With an abundance of products and advice available, it's crucial to focus on the fundamental practices that truly make a difference. Here are some of the best skincare tips to help you on your journey to radiant skin.
Understand Your Skin Type
The foundation of any effective skincare routine is understanding your skin type. This knowledge allows you to select products that address your specific needs. The main skin types are:
Normal: Balanced, clear skin with minimal issues.
Oily: Excess sebum production, prone to acne and large pores.
Dry: Flaky, rough skin that feels tight.
Combination: Oily in the T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) and dry elsewhere.
Sensitive: Easily irritated, prone to redness and reactions.
Knowing your skin type helps you tailor your routine and choose products that enhance your skin's natural beauty.
Gentle Cleansing
Cleansing is the first step in any skincare routine. It removes dirt, makeup, and impurities that accumulate throughout the day. Choose a gentle cleanser suited to your skin type to avoid stripping away natural oils. Over-washing can lead to dryness and irritation, so aim for a balance that keeps your skin clean but not overly dry.
Daily Moisturizing
Regardless of your skin type, moisturizing is essential. It helps maintain the skin barrier and prevents dehydration. Look for a moisturizer with ingredients like hyaluronic acid for hydration or ceramides to strengthen the skin barrier. For oily skin, opt for lightweight, non-comedogenic gels, while richer creams benefit dry skin.
Sunscreen: A Daily Must
One of the most crucial steps in skincare is daily sunscreen application. A broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 protects your skin from harmful UV rays, preventing premature aging, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer. Make it a non-negotiable part of your morning routine, regardless of the weather.
Regular Exfoliation
Exfoliation removes dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover and improving skin texture. Incorporate chemical exfoliants like alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) or beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) 1-2 times a week. They unclog pores and smooth the skin without the harshness of physical exfoliants. However, avoid over-exfoliating, which can damage your skin barrier.
Stay Hydrated
Hydration is key to glowing skin. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day keeps your skin hydrated from within. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats also supports skin health. Foods high in antioxidants, like berries and leafy greens, combat free radicals and contribute to a youthful complexion.
Incorporate Antioxidants
Antioxidants are powerful allies in skincare. Ingredients like vitamin C, vitamin E, and niacinamide protect your skin from environmental damage and improve its appearance. Serums with these ingredients can brighten your complexion and reduce signs of aging.
Extend Care to Neck and Hands
Often neglected, the neck and hands are prone to showing signs of aging. Extend your skincare routine to these areas, applying moisturizer and sunscreen to keep them looking youthful and healthy.
Gentle Skin Handling
Treat your skin with care. Avoid harsh scrubbing and hot water, which can irritate and damage the skin. Pat your skin dry with a soft towel instead of rubbing it.
Prioritize Sleep
Adequate sleep is essential for skin repair and regeneration. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Lack of sleep can lead to dark circles, dullness, and breakouts. Establishing a relaxing bedtime routine can help improve your sleep quality and, consequently, your skin.
manage Stress
Chronic stress negatively impacts your skin, causing breakouts and other issues. Incorporate stress-relief practices such as exercise, meditation, or hobbies into your routine. A balanced mind contributes to balanced skin.
Consult a Dermatologist
For persistent skin issues or personalized advice, consulting a dermatologist is invaluable. They can provide tailored recommendations and treatments to address your specific concerns.
Achieving radiant skin is a journey that combines understanding your skin type, adopting gentle and consistent skincare practices, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. By incorporating these tips into your daily routine, you can unlock the secrets to healthy, glowing skin. Remember, consistency is key, and results may take time, so be patient and persistent in your skincare efforts. Here’s to achieving the beautiful, healthy skin you desere
"Unlock Your Skin’s Full Potential—Explore Our Expert-Formulated Barrier Repair Solutions Today!"

[Edit - just want to reiterate, I am just a consumer and not a professional in the medical or any related field. Even though much of my opinions are based on research I have read, it can still only be considered an opinion as it is second hand info based on someone not qualified nor having truly deep knowledge of the subject. Also, considerations should be discussed with your doctor or therapist before making changes. for yourself. Also note that there have been many health benefits for myself besides weight loss and diabetes control. ]
I haven't taken the henrymeds version, assuming people get what they pay for though. I have a legit Mounjaro prescription due to diabetes . Also have an Adderall prescription. Adderall alone has a noticeable appetite suppression quality that wears off at the end of the day (would not recommend taking Adderall for weight loss as it can be damaging even at typical prescribed doses, just my only personal reference). But, when I was taking both Adderall and Mounjaro together, I'd say the appetite suppression was exponentially greater than either alone and did not wear off. I have also taken Mounjaro while off Adderall which has far less appetite suppression than combined.
So, it is possible that other meds that are sometimes prescribed off label like Wellbutrin may greatly enhance the appetite suppression of anything on henrymeds. I'd say talk to your doctors about this if not getting the results you were looking for. Some people may be more or less sensitive than others to the effects.
But, be aware, that it is possible that you would need to force yourself to eat if appetite was suppressed to much. So needs to be done with supervision. At one point, 2.5mg Mounjaro with my Adderall daily, I lost 5lbs a week for 3 weeks and had to make myself eat. It did get more manageable later but still much greater appetite suppression effect than either alone. In total I had lost 35lbs and was steady at 150lbs (5' 6.5").
When I stopped Mounjaro, my appetite came back strong, and then when I stopped Adderall too my appetite was the worst in my life. I have always had appetite control issues but at that point even when I was stuffed I usually felt like I needed to eat something. It did improve but not before I gained back nearly 30 lbs. I have other mitigating circumstances so I am likely an unusual case for all I know. But something to be aware of if you are prescribed more than one appetite suppressing medication.
I will be telling a friend to look into henrymeds since she is currently paying the ridiculous no insurance Mounjaro prices.

Related, but off topic if you have time to burn.....
I also recommend taking supplements to be sure you are not getting too little of nutrients. If not sure you are getting sufficient nutrition from food every day. I'd recommend a Multivitamin, mineral supplements for things like calcium, magnesium, etc. Protein supplements, most adults should be getting at a bare minimum 30 to 50 grams of quality protein a day. For calcium I'd recommend citracal maximum plus because it has other microminerals (small dose required) with it and uses a highly absorbable calcium form. Magnesium bys/glycinate or citrate for good absorption. Low dose Iron to prevent anemia if male (women's multivitamins usually have iron but men's usually do not). "oxide" forms of minerals are usually cheap, but have much lower absorption rates than other forms like citrates, bys/glycinate, phosphates. Many other good and not so good forms out there. Cows milk also a great source of calcium in the form of calcium phosphate and has tons and tons of listed and unlisted nutrients. There are some really good and really bad plant based alternatives but that is something you should look into yourself if interested. But don't believe the milk is bad for you hype. It's a marketing gimmick for the plant based and other health industries in my opinion. https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/using-nutrition-facts-label-choose-milk-and-plant-based-beverages
Consult with your doctor and check the NIH website for proper balance. NIH website for nutritional RDA (recommended daily allowance) , AI (adequate intake), UL(upper limit), etc. Things like Calcium and Magnesium the ratio can be more important than total intake. You can also look into what supplements should be taken with or without food and what should be taken together or separate. There is a lot of info out there, just be sure you look at reputable sources preferably without a motivation to sell you something or steer you in a direction for their own gains.
https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf https://ods.od.nih.gov/HealthInformation/nutrientrecommendations.aspx https://www.nutrition.gov/ https://www.fda.gov/food/dietary-supplements/information-consumers-using-dietary-supplements https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/nutrition-education-resources-materials https://www.medicinenet.com/what_vitamins_should_not_be_taken_togethearticle.htm
If you have the time and money, I'd recommend a website like consumerlabs.com which independently tests various supplement brands for quality, purity, contaminants, potency, etc. and gives background info on things like what it does or is purported to do, what to look for, comparison if different forms of a supplement, concerns and cautions, price comparison, recommended brands and top pics or not recommended brands due to failing some criteria. And loads more information.
I am not affiliated with anything. Just a consumer.
Things you can drill down to find out about nutrition are things like calcium carbonate may not be the best choice on an empty stomach if taking acid blockers like omeprazole because it needs stomach acid to become soluble. Taking with food promotes acid generation and better absorption in that case. Best to take vitamin B complex separate from a vitamin C supplement since vit C can block B12 absorption depending on dosage. Do you know your RDA of choline, alpha-linolenic or linoleic acid, or vitamin k? Do you know the difference between a complete protein and incomplete protein? Or that protein actually contains amino acids that are also used for things in addition to muscle like phenylalanine for dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters, tryptophan for serotonin, methionine for antioxidants and methyl donors and DNA processing and immune response etc. etc etc.

I've been exploring the use of nootropics for years, and been using a combination of L-Tyrosine + Caffeine as a boost before mental or physical workouts. It's in a lot of pre-workout powders, but I prefer to mix the powder from half a 500mg gelcap with a coffee.
Personally, I find the effects are similar but better to Ritalin which makes me hyper-sensitive. I've also used L-Theanine, which is extracted from green tea to wind my brain down at night.
Has anyone else had any positive effects using either of these amino acids to manage their ADHD?
I'm a science reporter, not a doctor, so I can only describe not prescribe these. However here's some of the research behind their use:

L-Tyrosine and ADHD

• L-tyrosine is an amino acid that is a precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine. People with ADHD often have imbalances in these neurotransmitters.
• Some studies suggest L-tyrosine supplementation can improve cognitive aspects like focus, attention, and working memory in those with ADHD. However, the evidence is limited and more research is needed.
• L-tyrosine may be most effective at boosting focus and attention when dopamine/norepinephrine levels are temporarily depleted by stress.

However, it's important to note that L-tyrosine and caffeine are not proven ADHD treatments. They should be considered complementary aids and not replacements for standard medications like Adderall. Consulting a doctor before using supplements for ADHD is recommended.L-Tyrosine and ADHD.

L-Theanine and ADHD

L-theanine may help manage ADHD symptoms in the following ways:
Improving Focus and Attention

• L-theanine seems to enhance focus, attention span, and cognitive performance in those with ADHD. This is likely due to its effects on neurotransmitters like glutamate and GABA in the brain.
• Studies found that L-theanine, both alone and combined with caffeine, improved sustained attention and overall cognition in children with ADHD. It may reduce mind wandering during tasks requiring focused attention.

Decreasing Impulsivity

• While L-theanine alone may increase impulsivity slightly, when combined with caffeine it appears to decrease impulsivity in children with ADHD. The combination improved impulse control on stop-signal reaction time tests.

Promoting Relaxation and Sleep

• L-theanine has been shown to induce a relaxed but alert state by impacting alpha brain waves. This could help those with ADHD feel calmer without sedation.
• Improving sleep quality is another potential benefit of L-theanine that may aid in ADHD management.

However, the evidence is still limited, especially from large-scale studies. More research is needed to fully validate L-theanine's efficacy for ADHD. It should be considered a complementary option and not a replacement for standard ADHD medications without consulting a doctor.