Hi all, I've been invited to my 20 year high school reunion in 6 weeks time. So I know I'm vain for this but I want to look more youthful for the reunion. When I was in high school I had really big beautiful eyes but they have sunk a lot over the years coupled with droopier eyelids and dark circles. I know no creams can make a massive difference but if you have any suggestions for creams or treatments that will help my eyes look younger and reduce wrinkles overall I'd be grateful! Can't afford Botox, fillers etc. and I'm a little scared of the side effects of RF and micro current devices. Thanks for reading!
Edit to add: mornings I use Vitam C serum, B3 serum followed by hyaluronic acid moisturizer. Evenings I alternate between retinol and glycolic acid/Vitamin A peel pads and serums.

Explore the comprehensive anti-aging treatments at Twacha Aesthetics, where expert care targets the signs of aging for youthful, radiant skin.

What is Anti-Aging Treatment?

Anti-aging treatments aim to delay or reverse aging, addressing skin damage caused primarily by overexposure to the sun and other environmental factors. These treatments can be either surgical or non-surgical, tailored to meet individual skin needs.

Signs of Aging

Aging manifests in various ways, including:

• Fine lines and wrinkles
• Loss of skin volume and elasticity
• Sun damage
• Uneven skin tone
• Sagging skin

Non-Surgical Anti-Aging Treatments

Injectables: Fillers such as hyaluronic acid and collagen add volume to the skin, smoothing out wrinkles and enhancing facial contours.
Botulinum Toxin (Botox): This treatment temporarily paralyzes muscles to prevent wrinkles from forming.
Liquid Facelift: A combination of dermal fillers and Botox to rejuvenate the face without surgery.
Chemical Peels: Application of acids like glycolic or lactic acid to exfoliate the skin, reducing fine lines, sun damage, and blemishes.
Microdermabrasion: Exfoliates the skin using fine crystals, improving texture and reducing imperfections.
Laser Treatments: Various laser therapies can tighten skin and reduce wrinkles. Ablative lasers remove damaged skin, while non-ablative lasers stimulate collagen production without damaging the surface.

Surgical Anti-Aging Procedures

Traditional Facelift: Involves incisions around the hairline and ears to remove excess skin and tighten underlying tissues.
Mini Facelift: A less invasive version of the traditional facelift, ideal for those with early signs of aging.
Neck Lift: Targets sagging skin and fat in the neck area, creating a more defined jawline and neck.

Benefits of Anti-Aging Treatments

Skin Tightening and Hydration: Techniques such as RF tightening and thread lifts improve skin firmness and hydration.
Enhanced Skin Radiance: Anti-aging treatments reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, restoring a youthful glow.
Boosted Self-Confidence: Feeling good about your appearance can enhance overall confidence and well-being.
Positive Health Impact: Increased self-confidence can lead to more social interactions and an overall better quality of life.
Cost Savings: Preventative anti-aging treatments can reduce the need for more costly procedures later on.

Twacha Aesthetics’ Approach to Anti-Aging

At Twacha Aesthetics, we believe in a holistic approach to anti-aging. Each patient's skin is unique, requiring a tailored treatment plan.
Upon arrival, our expert dermatologists conduct a thorough skin analysis to identify aging causes and signs. This personalized diagnosis informs a customized anti-aging regimen designed to address specific concerns.
Our Age Arrest System combines advanced treatments like microdermabrasion, collagen-building, and skin-tightening with effective home care products.
This comprehensive approach works deep within the skin to increase collagen, smooth out wrinkles, and tighten loose skin, ensuring natural-looking results.
Investing in anti-aging treatments at Twacha Aesthetics means committing to a youthful, radiant complexion through expert care and cutting-edge technology.

The world of plumbing might seem like a labyrinth of pipes and mysterious connections, but fear not! Understanding the different pipe connection types is the key to tackling any plumbing project with confidence. Whether you’re a seasoned DIYer or a curious homeowner, this guide will equip you with the knowledge to choose the perfect connection for your needs, ensuring a leak-free and long-lasting plumbing system.

Why Pipe Connection Types Matter?

Imagine this: you’ve just finished a beautiful bathroom renovation, complete with a brand new faucet. But then, disaster strikes! A tiny leak emerges from the pipe connection, turning your dream bathroom into a dripping nightmare. This scenario highlights the importance of choosing the right Pipe Connection Types. The wrong connection can not only lead to leaks but also restrict flow, damage pipes, and even cause safety hazards.
However, with the right knowledge, you can become a plumbing pro. Let’s delve into the most common pipe connection types and explore their strengths and weaknesses:

1. Threaded Pipe Connections: The Classics

Threaded pipe connections are the veterans of the plumbing world. Think of them as the tried-and-true method, often used for metal pipes like galvanized steel or brass. Here’s how it works:

• The pipe ends are threaded with a male (raised threads) or female (internal threads) configuration.
• Pipe dope or Teflon tape is applied to the male threads for a watertight seal.
• The male and female ends are screwed together, forming a tight connection.

Pros:

• Simple and familiar for many DIYers.
• Relatively inexpensive.
• Widely available in various sizes.

Cons:

• Requires proper application of pipe dope or Teflon tape to prevent leaks.
• Overtightening can damage threads or crack pipes.
• Not ideal for high-pressure applications.

Applications:

Threaded connections are suitable for low-pressure plumbing systems, such as connecting pipes to sinks, faucets, and valves.

2. Soldering and Brazing: A Permanent Bond

Soldering and brazing create a permanent joint between copper pipes. Here’s the difference:

• Soldering: Uses a lower melting point filler metal and requires a clean, oxide-free pipe surface for a strong bond. Ideal for potable water lines.
• Brazing: Uses a higher melting point filler metal and can withstand higher temperatures, making it suitable for gas lines and hydronic heating systems.

Pros:

• Creates a strong, leak-proof connection.
• Durable and long-lasting.

Cons:

• Requires specialized tools and skills for proper application.
• Not suitable for repairs or modifications, as the joint needs to be cut to disconnect the pipes.

Applications:

Soldering and brazing are ideal for permanent connections in copper pipe systems, particularly for hot water lines and gas lines.

3. Compression Fittings: The Easy Squeeze

Compression fittings offer a convenient and versatile solution for connecting various pipe materials, including copper, PEX (cross-linked polyethylene), and CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride). They work like this:

• A nut compresses a rubber insert against the pipe, creating a watertight seal.
• The insert conforms to the irregularities of the pipe surface, making it suitable for slightly imperfect connections.

Pros:

• Easy to install, requiring no special tools (just a wrench).
• Reusable and can be disconnected for repairs or modifications.
• Accommodates slight variations in pipe sizes.

Cons:

• Not as strong as soldered or brazed connections.
• May not be suitable for high-pressure or high-temperature applications.

Applications:

Compression fittings are a popular choice for both DIY projects and professional plumbing due to their ease of use and versatility. They’re well-suited for connecting pipes under sinks, for water supply lines to appliances, and for repairs.

4. PEX Connections: The New Age of Plumbing

PEX tubing is a flexible and lightweight plastic piping material that has revolutionized plumbing. PEX connections come in various forms, including:

• Crimp connections: Use a specialized crimp tool to create a secure joint with a metal ring.
• Push-fit connections: Simply push the pipe into the fitting until it clicks, creating a watertight seal.

Pros:

• Fast and easy installation, ideal for DIY enthusiasts.
• Flexible, allowing for easy maneuvering around obstacles.
• Resistant to corrosion and freezing.

Cons:

• Requires specific tools for some connection types.
• Not as aesthetically pleasing as metal pipes for exposed areas.

Applications:

PEX connections are a popular choice for new plumbing installations due to their ease of use and flexibility. They’re Perfect for running water lines behind walls and ceilings, as well as for underfloor heating systems.

5. Flanged Connections: The Heavy-Duty Option

Flanges are primarily used for large-diameter pipes or high-pressure applications. They consist of:

• A circular disc with drilled holes on the pipe ends.
• A gasket sandwiched between the flanges.
• Bolts that tighten the flanges together, creating a secure seal.

Pros:

• Can handle high pressure and heavy loads.
• Make it simple to disassemble for maintenance or repairs.

Cons:

• More complex and time-consuming to install compared to other methods.
• Require more space due to the flange size.

Applications:

Flanged connections are typically used in industrial or commercial plumbing systems for applications like connecting pumps, valves, or boilers.

6. Choosing the Right Connection: It’s All About the Fit

Now that you’ve explored the different pipe connection types, how do you choose the right one for your project? Consider these factors:

• Pipe Material: Different connection methods are best suited for specific pipe materials. For example, soldering works well for copper pipes, while compression fittings can accommodate various materials like PEX and CPVC.
• Application: Consider the pressure and temperature demands of the plumbing system. Threaded connections might suffice for low-pressure situations like a sink faucet, while brazing is necessary for high-pressure gas lines.
• Skill Level: Be honest about your DIY expertise. Choose a connection method that aligns with your comfort level and skill set. Compression fittings or push-fit PEX connections offer ease of use, while soldering or brazing require more specialized skills.
• Accessibility: Think about future maintenance or repairs. Compression fittings and flanged connections offer easier disassembly compared to permanent connections like soldering or brazing.

Beyond Connections: Sealing the Deal
Remember, the perfect connection is only half the battle. Here are some additional tips for a leak-free plumbing system:

• Use the right size pipe and fittings. A loose connection is a recipe for leaks.
• Double-check your connections before applying pressure. A little preventative effort can save you a big headache later.
• Don’t over tighten threaded connections. This can damage threads or crack pipes.
• Use high-quality materials. Invest in durable pipes, fittings, and sealants to ensure long-lasting performance.

By understanding the different pipe connection types and following these tips, you’ll be well on your way to tackling any plumbing project with confidence. Remember, a little knowledge goes a long way in ensuring a leak-free and efficient plumbing system for your home.

Vasomune wins FDA fast track designation for lung condition treatment
Currently in a Phase IIa study, AV-001 is being co-developed with AnGes for the prevention and treatment of ARDS in pneumonia.
May 28, 2024
Vasomune Therapeutics has announced that its novel investigational medicine, AV-001, has received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) fast track designation for the treatment of moderate to severe pathogen-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
As per the 28 May press release, fast track designation was granted based on the high unmet medical need in ARDS. The status allows for earlier interactions with the FDA in the pursuit of accelerated approval and also the possibility to undergo rolling reviews.
ARDS is a life-threatening lung injury that enables fluid to leak into the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and low blood oxygen. According to the press announcement, ARDS is characterised by high mortality rates that can reach up to 46% in patients with severe cases of the disease.
AV-001, a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-clustered Tie2 agonist peptide that was first discovered at Sunnybrook Research Institute at Sunnybrook Hospital, is designed to improve healing in patients by providing a molecular shortcut in blood vessel growth associated with wound closure.
The drug candidate is actively being evaluated in a Phase IIa study (NCT05123755) for the prevention and treatment of hospitalised patients with pneumonia-associated ARDS. The primary endpoint of the study is the safety and tolerability of multiple intravenously administered doses of AV-001 compared to placebo.
The Phase I study (NCT04737486) demonstrated a good safety and tolerability profile with strong on-target activity. There were no drug-related discontinuations or deaths, no suspected unexpected severe adverse reactions (SUSARs), and no adverse events of special interest (AESIs), as reported at the 2024 Respiratory Innovation Summit (RIS).
“Vasomune is focused on the persisting unmet needs of people grappling with ARDS and other diseases driven by vascular endothelial instability,” said president and Chief Operating Officer of Vasomune, Dr. Brian Jahns.
The Toronto, Ontario-based biotech is not the only player in the ARDS space. In October 2023, BioAegis Therapeutics was awarded a $20m contract from the US Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) for the development of plasma gelsolin for the treatment of ARDS.
Also making headway is Healios, which in April 2023, reported positive topline results from the open-label ONE-BRIDGE clinical study of somatic stem cell regenerative therapy MultiStem (HLCM051/invimestrocel) in ARDS patients across Japan.
https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/vasomune-wins-fda-fast-track-designation-for-lung-condition-treatment/
Originally discovered and designed at Sunnybrook Research Institute at Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto, AV-001 is being developed by Vasomune Therapeutics, Inc. under a co-development agreement with AnGes, Inc. [TYO: 4563].
...
Ei Yamada, President & CEO of AnGes, said that "The FDA’s support of expedited development marks another important milestone in our endeavor to change the treatment paradigm with AV-001. We look forward to future success with the Phase 2a study, AV001-004."
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/vasomune-therapeutics-receives-us-fda-120000579.html
From the trial's page on ClinicalTrials.gov:
Enrollment (Estimated): 120
Study Completion (Estimated): 2025-03
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05123755
Vasomune Therapeutics' website:
https://vasomune.com/
AnGes' current market cap is $64 million.
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/4563.T

At Twacha Aesthetics, we offer holistic anti-aging treatments designed to target the signs of aging and help you achieve youthful, radiant skin. Our expert team is dedicated to providing tailored care that addresses your unique skin concerns and helps you maintain a healthy, youthful appearance.
Understanding Anti-Aging Treatment Anti-aging treatments aim to delay or stop the aging process. These treatments encompass both surgical and non-surgical methods to combat the effects of aging. One of the primary external causes of skin aging is overexposure to the sun, which can lead to skin damage and photoaging. Protecting your skin from the sun and seeking professional advice from a dermatologist can help determine the best anti-aging treatment plan for you.
Signs of Aging Aging can manifest in various ways, including:
Expression lines and wrinkles Loss of fat volume Loss of bone structure Effects of gravity Sun damage, which is one of the major contributors
Non-Surgical Anti-Aging Treatments Several non-surgical procedures can help tighten, smooth, and increase skin density while reducing wrinkles. These treatments include:
Injectables: Fillers can create fuller lips, fill wrinkles, and add volume to hollow cheeks and eyes. Types of fillers include fat transfer, collagen, hyaluronic acid, dermal fillers, and synthetic fillers.
Botulinum Toxin: When injected, it temporarily paralyzes muscles, preventing the skin from wrinkling.
Liquid Facelift: A combination of dermal fillers and muscle relaxants, such as Botox, to achieve a lifted effect without surgery.
Face-Melting: Deoxycholic acid injections target and reduce body fat in areas like the double chin.
Chemical Peels: Applying acids like glycolic, lactic, or trichloroacetic acid to the skin removes the outer layer, reducing sun damage, small blemishes, and fine wrinkles.
Dermal Rolling: Microneedling stimulates collagen formation, reducing wrinkles, folds, and acne scars.
Microdermabrasion: Fine crystals or sand removes dead skin cells, improving skin texture.
Lasers: Various laser therapies can tighten skin, reduce lines and wrinkles, and remove damaged tissue to promote new, healthy tissue growth.
Surgical Anti-Aging Procedures For those seeking more significant changes, surgical options include:
Traditional Facelift: An incision is made along the hairline and around the ears to reposition or sculpt fat and skin.
Limited Incision Facelift: Also known as a “mini lift,” this procedure is for individuals with less skin sagging.
Neck Lift: Addresses issues like double chin and sagging neck skin, with incisions made around the ears and into the hairline.

I (45 F) had my first colonoscopy this morning, and like the other stories, it felt like the greatest 25- minute nap of my life. For the prep, I went a tad overboard and started fasting about 4 days prior. I don't recommend this to everyone, as I was only drinking coffee or tea during that time, and that can be really hard on the body to go into ketosis. I also had some time off from work so I was able to rest while fasting. On prep day, I did consume chicken broth with lemon juice before and after the Dulcolax (bisacodyl) pills and the 2 phases of the Miralax (polyethylene glycol) solution. I had trouble finishing the solution because I was getting nauseous towards the end of it (I can't stomach crystal lite or Gatorade, so the chicken broth with lemon juice helped me feel better). I got through about 3/4 of the solution, but I was pooping watebile pretty early in the prep ( obviously there wasn't much of any solid waste after not eating solids for days), so I wasn't too concerned. I forgot to take the gas x tablet, but that didn't matter. I mentioned to the doctor that I only got through about 3/4 of the solution but that I had done the two phases, and he was totally fine with that, especially considering that I had been consistently excreting yellow liquid. Again, I don't recommend this technique, but it did make the prep slightly easier since I wasn't going through hunger pangs (once ketosis kicks in, you're not really hungry), and I started pooping liquid early on in the prep process. I've been interested in fasting to kickstart autophagy and I regularly practice intermittent fasting with my pcp's blessing. Just wanted to post this if anyone was curious about fasting for a few days. I also want to thank everyone on this subreddit for their input - I've been lurking for a while to see what the experience is like and the info here definitely helped put my mind at ease during the appointment.

Hi all having a scope on Monday, my dr’s instructions say to mix my gallon jug of Peglyte 2 DAYS prior to poop day (Sunday). Did this last time and it was the thickest globbiest mess.
Does anyone know if it’s an issue if I just mix it right before I drink it, will that lessen its efficacy?? I ask because it’s mostly polyethylene glycol 3350 , same as Restoralax which I take often and never mix 2 DAYS BEFORE, the HORROR. It even says on the Restoralax bottle to mix it then immediately drink it.
Any insight welcome! Just a lad trying to avoid drinking salty yet somehow sweet motor oil 👏

Just like humans, dogs can experience constipation, which can be uncomfortable and concerning for pet owners. Recognizing the signs and knowing how to relieve your dog's constipation quickly is crucial for their health and well-being. In this article, we'll explore effective remedies and preventive measures to help your dog feel better fast.

Understanding Dog Constipation

What is Dog Constipation?

Constipation in dogs is the infrequent or difficult passage of stools. It occurs when the colon absorbs too much water, resulting in dry, hard stools that are difficult to pass.

Common Causes of Constipation in Dogs

Several factors can cause constipation in dogs, including:

• Lack of fiber in their diet
• Dehydration
• Lack of exercise
• Obstruction in the intestines
• Side effects of medication
• Age-related changes

👉 CLICK HERE to learn more about it

Symptoms of Constipation in Dogs

Recognizing the symptoms is the first step in addressing constipation. Common signs include:

• Straining to defecate
• Producing small, hard stools
• Crying or showing discomfort when trying to poop
• Decreased appetite
• Lethargy

Immediate Remedies for Constipation

Increasing Fiber Intake

Adding fiber to your dog's diet can help soften their stool and promote regular bowel movements.

Pumpkin Puree

Pumpkin is a great source of fiber and can help relieve constipation. Add a tablespoon of pure pumpkin puree (not pie filling) to your dog's food.

Bran Cereal

Mixing a small amount of bran cereal with your dog's regular food can also increase their fiber intake.

Ensuring Adequate Hydration

Make sure your dog has access to fresh water at all times. Dehydration can lead to constipation, so encourage your dog to drink plenty of water.

Exercise and Physical Activity

Regular exercise can help stimulate your dog's digestive system. Take your dog for a walk or play a game of fetch to get them moving.

👉 CLICK HERE to learn more about it

Dietary Adjustments

High-Fiber Foods

Incorporate high-fiber foods into your dog's diet. Foods like sweet potatoes, carrots, and apples can help keep your dog's digestive system healthy.

Importance of a Balanced Diet

A balanced diet is crucial for your dog's overall health. Ensure they are getting the right mix of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to support their digestive system.

Avoiding Human Foods

Human foods can be harmful to dogs and may cause digestive issues. Stick to dog-safe foods and treats to prevent constipation and other health problems.

Home Remedies for Quick Relief

Olive Oil or Coconut Oil

A small amount of olive oil or coconut oil can lubricate your dog's digestive tract, making it easier for them to pass stools.

Aloe Vera Juice

Aloe vera juice can soothe your dog's digestive system and help relieve constipation. Add a teaspoon to their water or food.

Probiotics

Probiotics can promote healthy gut bacteria, aiding in digestion and preventing constipation. You can find probiotics specifically formulated for dogs.

When to Use Laxatives

Types of Laxatives Safe for Dogs

Certain laxatives, like lactulose or polyethylene glycol, can be used for dogs. Always consult your vet before giving your dog any laxatives.

👉 CLICK HERE to learn more about it

Dosage and Administration

Follow your vet's instructions for dosage and administration to ensure your dog's safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

Massage and Physical Techniques

Abdominal Massage

Gently massaging your dog's abdomen can help stimulate their bowel movements. Use circular motions and apply light pressure.

Warm Compresses

Applying a warm compress to your dog's abdomen can relax their muscles and help ease constipation.

Preventive Measures

Regular Exercise

Ensure your dog gets regular exercise to keep their digestive system functioning properly.

Consistent Feeding Schedule

Feed your dog at the same times each day to establish a routine and promote regular bowel movements.

Monitoring Water Intake

Make sure your dog drinks enough water throughout the day to stay hydrated and prevent constipation.

Veterinary Interventions

When to Visit the Vet

If your dog's constipation persists for more than a day or two, or if they show signs of severe discomfort, contact your vet.

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Possible Medical Treatments

Your vet may recommend treatments such as enemas or prescription medications to relieve severe constipation.

Understanding the Risks of Chronic Constipation

Chronic constipation can lead to serious health issues, including megacolon, where the colon becomes enlarged and loses its ability to function properly.

Alternative Therapies

Acupuncture

Acupuncture can help stimulate your dog's digestive system and relieve constipation. Consult a vet trained in acupuncture for this treatment.

Herbal Remedies

Certain herbs, like ginger or licorice root, can help with digestion. Always consult your vet before giving your dog any herbal remedies.

Conclusion

Constipation in dogs can be uncomfortable, but with the right remedies and preventive measures, you can help your furry friend feel better quickly. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and proper hydration are key to maintaining your dog's digestive health. If your dog's constipation persists, don't hesitate to seek veterinary care to ensure their well-being.

FAQs

What are the signs that my dog is constipated?

Common signs include straining to defecate, producing small, hard stools, showing discomfort when trying to poop, decreased appetite, and lethargy.

Can I give my dog human laxatives?

No, you should not give your dog human laxatives without consulting your vet. Some laxatives can be harmful to dogs.

How long can a dog safely go without pooping?

Dogs can typically go up to 48 hours without pooping before it becomes a concern. If your dog hasn't pooped in over two days, consult your vet.

Are there any breeds more prone to constipation?

Breeds like Bulldogs, Pugs, and older dogs may be more prone to constipation due to their anatomy and activity levels.

Can stress cause constipation in dogs?

Yes, stress can affect your dog's digestive system and lead to constipation. Try to keep your dog calm and comfortable to prevent stress-related constipation.

👉 CLICK HERE to learn more about it

I've been worked on an alien species for a while now, and one element that I really wanted to include was that they have Glycol Nucleic Acid, or GNA. Now, we've managed to synthetically create GNA here on Earth and it's soluble in things like water, acetone and chloroform. For simplicity, I decided their homeworld is mostly like Earth, but with some slight differences (hotter, mostly tropical, thicker atmosphere, higher levels of heavy metals in the crust due to increased volcanism, etc.)
My question is what would be the basis for their metabolism? In a roughly earth-like environment, what sorts of chemical compounds what would be available for them to eat and stay alive? If they also breathed oxygen, would respiration work differently for them or no?
I was especially curious whether or not they could drink antifreeze (ethylene glycol) or, by extension, eat polyethylene, since the latter is biodegradable by some bacteria here on Earth.
Side note: instead of hemoglobin, this species uses Vaska's Complex as a transport protein. This not only makes their blood orange and yellow, but I've read that it could also allow them to transport hydrogen. I'm curious if this aspect would be involved with their metabolism or GNA synthesis or not.

Hello, I’m Junior 23-M I’ve been having stomach issues, I don’t if it’s my colon or the digestive system that is moving slow. And really bad constipated. Like the shit I’ve been coming out is like not the normal shit that is shaped is like thick flag little bit pieces. And no I don’t think I have thin pencil poops. No blood, no pain, is just feel full or bloated. Now I’m kinda scared when i eat my stomach doesn’t want to digestive fast that I’ve used to have back then but now is just weird. I’ve been having this for almost 2 months.
My doctor told me that I need fiber like apples and he gave me some laxative which is called - “polyethylene glycol 3350” it does work but I stopped so I can see if I can poop on my own but no still constipated.
Do you guys know what could it be? Please I need help :(

cocamidopropyl betaine: Cocamidopropyl betaine is an amphoteric synthetic detergent that has been increasingly used in cosmetics and personal hygiene products eg, shampoos
butylphenyl methylpropional: Its safety is still controversial as it can be sensitizing, skin irritant and a potential allergen. Another downside it that it also seen as an endocrine disruptor and even possibly a carcinogenic by the SCCS.
Citric acid: Industrial uses of citric acid include detergent manufacturing, electroplating and leather tanning
Sodium chloride: salt
Fumic acid: decaying plants.
Magnesium nitrate: Used in the manufacturing of petrochemicals. Used as a desensitizer for lithographic plates. Used to manufacture ammonium nitrate.
Limonene: Limonene on its list of substances considered Generally Recognized As Safe
PEG-60 Almond glyceride: PEG-60 Almond glyceride is formed from polyethylene glycol and fatty acids present in almond oil
Methylchloroisothiazolinone: Methylchloroisothiazolinone can cause skin problems when it's used in large amounts in different products. This is called sensitization. It engages your immune system and irritates your skin. Once this happens you may become permanently allergic to methylchloroisothiazolinone the next time you are exposed to it
And uh. Water

I built someone a raised bed at 24” tall. If I fill the whole box with soil it will be too much weight and bow the box..
Does anyone know which would be best/worst as a bottom filler in terms of impacting the health of the plants?
Aluminum cans, Plastic Bottles or Pool noodles (polyethylene foam)
Thanks!

Female, 25 Diagnoses: Non-Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (causing severe adrenal insufficiency), OCD Meds (excluding the prenatal): Hydrocortisone 10-5-5-0, sertraline 100mg No smoking, drinking or other substances.
I’m currently 6 weeks and 4 days pregnant, I’ve been taking the Femibion 1 prenatal since 3 weeks and 1 day. The first 2 weeks were fine but at 5 weeks I developed severe nausea, upper stomach pain and vomiting (1-5 times a day), i suspected it was just normal pregnancy stuff. Normally I take all my morning meds together (10mg hydrocortisone, 100mg sertraline and the prenatal) after eating a banana in the morning, but this morning I opted to not take the prenatal at the same time and I feel significantly better. I plan on trying to take it in the evening instead to see if that helps.
But is there anything in my prenatal that could be interacting with my normal meds or anything in there that could cause severe nausea and stomach pain?
Ingredients (translated from German): choline bitartrate; magnesium oxide; Filler: Microcrystalline cellulose; Calcium-L ascorbate; Coating agent: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; carboxymethylcellulose; Release agents : hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol , hydroxypropyl cellulose; nicotinamide ; iron oxides and iron hydroxides ; DL-a zinc oxide; Emulsifier: gum arabic; Sugar; fatty acids; Modified Starch; thiamine mononitrate; Copper sulfate: Riboflavin: iron bisglycinate; Filler: Crosslinked calcium phosphates; Strength; Coating agent: polyethylene glycol, talc; Filler: maltodextrin; Dye: calcium carbonate, Tocopherylacetat; Calcium-D-pantothenat; Release agent: magnesium salts glucose syrup; pyridoxine hydrochloride; Calcium-L-methylfolat (Metafolin®); pteroylmonoglutamic acid; potassium iodide ; sodium selenate; D-biotin; cholecalciferol; Cyanocobalamin.

There was this cleaner given to us by a door to door salesperson called Dunn EZ, I mean this stuff flawlessly cleaned ANYTHING, it took out ANY stain perfectly on any surface with no residue, u couldn’t even tell anything was there in the first place
This little quart spray bottle of the concentrate has lasted us YEARS!! The problem is there has been absolutely no activity on the Facebook account since 2018 and my mom is very skeptical of buying from the site since it has $20+ IN SHIPPING??? on top of no activity?? Anyways I know what the ingridents are and if there’s anyone that can dig in to see if they’re still reputable, if there’s a better seller, or an all purpose cleaner with the same ingredients that would be amazing!! Thank you!
Here’s a page of the safety data sheet if anyone needs specifics or can understand it better
Glycol Ether EB
Sodium Tripolyphosphate
Sodium Xylene Sulfonate
Nonylphenol Polyethylene

A long-time sufferer, I have been living with (mainly) internal grade 2-3 hemorrhoids for over 4 years now. I have undergone several surgeries (THD + 2 Laser Surgeries) and am currently in the process of switching doctors. As you can imagine, I've tried a lot of things and made many lifestyle changes in these 4+ years, gaining a fairly good understanding of the disease. However, recently, there's one thing I can't find information on to explain what I'm feeling:
When I use Polyethylene Glycol 3350 (Miralax) daily, I pass my stool easily. I wake up, feel the urge, go to the toilet, pass all the stool in less than a minute, with a good portion coming out in 10-15 seconds max. There's no straining at all, and pain and discomfort DURING the process of passing stool is minimal. However, almost immediately after, I develop discomfort/swelling with my hemorrhoids that lasts at least the whole day, generally worsening by late afternoon until the process repeats.
When I use Sodium Docusate, my stool passing routine is drastically different. It is much slower and more painful, almost like it doesn't do much. However, here's a bizarre thing: even though the physical "pain" lingers, the amount of swelling and discomfort throughout the day is much lower.
Logically, this shouldn't make sense: easiefaster stool passage with Miralax should yield better results in terms of how I feel. On the other hand, hardeslower stool passing with Sodium Docusate should cause more discomfort and swelling. Yet, here we are.
So if any fellow redditors have experienced something similar or have some insights/thoughts on why this might be the case, I would greatly appreciate it!

The active ingredient in ivermectin formulations is, not surprisingly, ivermectin itself. However, the other ingredients in various formulations of ivermectin can vary depending on the specific product and its intended use.
For oral formulations, such as tablets or oral solutions, the inactive ingredients may include:
Fillers: These are often inert substances that help form the tablet or provide bulk. Common fillers include lactose, cellulose, and starch.
Binders: These substances help hold the tablet together. Examples include povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and microcrystalline cellulose.
Disintegrants: These aid in the breakdown of the tablet in the digestive tract, allowing for the release of the active ingredient. Examples include croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate.
Lubricants: These substances reduce friction during tablet manufacturing and aid in the swallowing process. Examples include magnesium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate.
Coatings: Some tablets may have coatings to improve taste, appearance, or ease of swallowing. These coatings can include film coatings or enteric coatings.
For topical formulations, such as creams, gels, or lotions, the inactive ingredients may include:
Emollients: These substances help moisturize and soften the skin. Examples include glycerin, propylene glycol, and various oils.
Thickeners: These help give the formulation the desired consistency. Examples include carbomer and xanthan gum.
Preservatives: These help prevent microbial growth in the formulation. Common preservatives include parabens and benzyl alcohol.
Emulsifiers: These help stabilize the mixture of oil and water in emulsion-based formulations. Examples include cetearyl alcohol and polysorbate 80.
Fragrances: Some formulations may contain fragrances for aesthetic purposes.
The specific inactive ingredients can vary between different brands and formulations of ivermectin. If you have any allergies or sensitivities to certain ingredients, it's essential to check the inactive ingredient list of the specific product you are using and consult with a healthcare professional if necessary.